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Choosing The Right Statistical Test

This document provides guidance on choosing the appropriate statistical test based on the type of data, whether observations are independent or correlated, and if assumptions are met. It outlines common statistical tests for different data types including continuous, binary, categorical and time-to-event outcomes.

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Hao Nguyen Si
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93 views1 page

Choosing The Right Statistical Test

This document provides guidance on choosing the appropriate statistical test based on the type of data, whether observations are independent or correlated, and if assumptions are met. It outlines common statistical tests for different data types including continuous, binary, categorical and time-to-event outcomes.

Uploaded by

Hao Nguyen Si
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Choosing the right statistical test

courtesy of Prof. Kristin Sainani, Stanford University

Start by asking three questions:


1. What type of data is your outcome variable?
2. Are the observations independent or correlated?
3. Are all required assumptions met?

Are the observations independent or correlated? Alternatives


Outcome Variable Setting Assumptions
Independent Correlated (Use when assumptions are violated)

t-test --- 2 groups normality, adequate sample Wilcoxon rank-sum test

--- Paired t-test 2 groups or time points normality, adequate sample Wilcoxon sign-rank test

ANOVA --- 2 or more groups normality, adequate sample Kruskal-Wallis test


(Analysis of variance)

Continuous Repeated-measures 2 or more groups or


(e.g. pain scale, weight, --- normality, adequate sample
etc.) ANOVA time points

Linear correlation Spearman rank correlation


(Pearson's correlation --- 1 continuous predictor normality, adequate sample
coefficient)
coefficient

Mixed models/General
--- Estimating Equation (GEE)
modeling

Linear regression
(multivariate regression ---
technique)

Risk difference
--- 2x2 table non-sparse data
Relative risk

McNemar's chi square


--- 2x2 table non-sparse data McNemar's exact test
test

Chi square test --- RxC table non-sparse data Fisher's exact test
Binary or
Categorical (e.g.
fracture yes/no) Logistic regression
(multivariate regression --- binary outcome adequate sample
technique)

Conditional logistic
--- regression (multivariate binary outcome adequate sample
regression technique)

GEE modeling
--- (multivariate regression
technique)

Rate ratio --- 2 groups risk uniform over time Time-varying effects model

Kaplan-Meier statistics --- 2 or more groups risk uniform over time Time-varying effects model
Time-to-Event (e.g.
time to fracture)
Cox regression
(multivariate regression --- risk uniform over time Time-varying effects model
technique)

Frailty model
--- (multivariate regression risk uniform over time Time-varying effects model
technique)

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