pecee ramen wk AC strne pesics (1)5 percodics Frequency (}= 4) te Time period =0 ve <— Non ~pemrediic time Freqpency =0 Combimation ef Resistance : ef] Semes: Current 15 not deviding (3 same) 3 = Volta, drop dilfenent (v dit ferent) vere, | varie i ver, fovallal } sCuyyent devided (1 different) 7 ‘i = Potential difference Same same), yew re | fa So, ye =txRa Rt La San convension : ink 9 > Ve R f AW (Neltage drop = = Ra * = 7 ald i‘ = $0, 1H O OPEN eto t a Resistarce = 00 09 We» OFT So, Roo 0 aU anoat, t=0 wv oy ‘ + & oy MH = Vo woe dvop ACYOSS Rr® an % + 3 VOLLay dvop Acvoss Rr? vo - UR ‘ Ry > VolkOag dyoe acxoss R3> V5 > - Laks © voltage dvoP 2c¥O5S Ry? Va= —uRy = + . . 4p.) (-ta®y) * =O a voltage’ equation el Ry Cur) +6 ) Vy euRit aRa + WR * Me eo + diersl vv ve BR 7 Rs a L Wh > + TRy =D + ol Vv Vy ro TRAV -TR, =0 T+ 7 ye sy) ) Roy, Woe V3 Ll Vy V2 = 1(Ri+Ry 27 (RtR Ry ' MrVa>Vy eT (Ry ), Viyverr aadlisea” ee Voltage Sou ee ees shout dive 6 ualkage & voi comnectiug wire 4 au a) mearured then tt Showed a. with. wire (potential difference le Bus connectiuy tO wire ik b VKS, c jaeol ctical —Trkemnal Resistance i» very low aud ij ik-t comnected in sevies . tov i. oxuv 4 Im ao ideal voltage source HA J iuternal Resistance connicted ™ . sevies te zero. nm Imoa praclieal voltage source A small 1Whem b Ga im sees. Malkin “source machive from a civadk meams ity al vests tance xeplaced its internal. resistance (T P=IR Me bpe he, 1g — Ac 2230, He R v pew 220V, = VI cose | Active Vv rome J waSictive Armmeter -@- $2 . i) &) Low voltage > 0-250v Ac Be wide voltage > as1-esov —_voltmeker -@- 4 : hi voltage — 651 - Ky ue watt meter = Pc oe v when current b oO \ entering at a node, Tk & taken a5+ve’ Equation - Wala tlatigris te ~ty-g=0. VOLTAUE DIVIDER RVLE t x W203 Voy? *. 2 “y mY) sa Now, Rule, Unknown vollage 2 side brance nesistance . _nesistance ___ Voy = 50 x 10 = Total voltag® X “cum of he TEDistane my 1S yn semes S \iy2 = OX TE —-HRemewleen only applicable bor \y ih the tokal voltage & Known, Grek HD) jy) serues areuit. © CURRENT DIVIDER RULE ¢ Rules Unimown \esanch Tx opposite bance _mesis tance SDA wo 23 = Total curvrent X Sum OF tae HESSNE a eo : im parallel (sum means just sum) th Remember ¢ Ty oxo \) total current must be Unownt am 2 OX ii) onty, for poraeh ee Solve acer find Ix, Ty 5a Tx Yty Rea > S* (io 12) 20Vv toe 9-2 fond — \so> = OD Mesh Analysis + 2 eto Bnd UNunown Branch curvent : Loop box Uve = tee pricioree f—Hesh . bp ® UE Equation on voltage eq”. U7 b total cunnent Tas rhe’youll be greakev Ls -siy-lo(ty-h) + 30-0! Poker it Ab oa Man any other current 2% —4ig-2ia- 10 (ip-ly) =0 [an resh 2, Viseversa, 2? is] = 6.9% - oa. Ver They Tow [ron arr) 7 ay Wet? i _ x10 = AS ome | 4 From (1) ¥@). 3 x(asiy +(-10'2)= 29) tog 7 ts FO (e- Wigs 20 a _ 24 ba = L aq Selves fina ® Ty > 32 -20 Ig 2A. Isa = (S+2)=74 from UVL > - 2219 - SAT ~QX21+100=0 > -30-35-2R F100 =O > = 35-40 Ree it 2 &. Find out the aurrents in all the branches : -4(a-y) +5(1-%+9) +34 20 -Onx 412y+5=0 -9(4-S) + 12y +5=0 sa (2) io —34 dy +2Y+S

Ry : Wet . Hm oma ; Jee O% Ty = Norton Equiwatetr Comment sounce Ry boacl Nonton Equivaleut mesisrance nes\stance R, — Load AL — load cunnent Solution : Jo find Ise? Gel. seep 2 shont the open Shep: Remove load nesistance . Leannal < Rs Ro Jp t anc corerlare Ane $ a& custnent = Tse ox i a * 49 , b) Eun ME te DEM an 3N ets : 7 4a ochve oud 2 ache, 4§ Tas 4x ye = 3A se ) 62 4a Mackie because — cw mackie aa hr are rack) less estan . ough Step 3° gy ackwe aud 4A Maclin, : Si “a w'wack faye R.A [ps inactive] sa a Tse = Int Ty = SA,Nuton Equivalent cincwuil, 1s We? 2 : Ry = 1 ul(ssts) OS _ - OUsA 3, = 5% 16-05 20 zy = 0°95 2. S (eurrrent Aarough load reistue] ; I Solve using Thevenin’s Theorem [calalve 1Soy j 9 mt 2 using Supeteposition “Theenem ¢ Ttatanate 1) : I Ae ne 6O 2 22 wv tt oF eZ os we @ enF 3.