Harvard Referencing Guide
Harvard referencing is a widely used citation style in academic writing. Here are the key
components and formats for citing different types of sources using the Harvard style:
General Format
1. In-Text Citations:
o Author(s) Last Name, Year of Publication, and Page Number (if applicable).
o Example: (Smith, 2020, p. 15)
2. Reference List:
o Full citations listed alphabetically by the author's last name at the end of the
document.
Books
1. Single Author:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). Title of the Book. Edition (if not
the first). Place of Publication: Publisher.
o Example: Smith, J. (2020). Understanding Research Methods. 2nd ed.
London: Sage Publications.
2. Multiple Authors:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). and Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year).
Title of the Book. Edition (if not the first). Place of Publication: Publisher.
o Example: Brown, P. and Jones, A. (2018). Advanced Economics. 3rd ed. New
York: Routledge.
Journal Articles
1. Print Journal:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). 'Title of the Article', Title of the
Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers.
o Example: Lee, R. (2019). 'The impact of climate change on agriculture',
Journal of Environmental Studies, 22(3), pp. 45-60.
2. Online Journal:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). 'Title of the Article', Title of the
Journal, Volume(Issue), Page Numbers. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).
o Example: Miller, T. (2021). 'Digital marketing strategies', Journal of Business
Studies, 29(2), pp. 101-115. Available at:
https://www.journalofbusiness.com/articles/2937 (Accessed: 15 June 2024).
Websites
1. Single Author:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). 'Title of the Webpage', Title of the
Website. Available at: URL (Accessed: Date).
o Example: Parker, D. (2020). 'The future of renewable energy', Energy Insights.
Available at: https://www.energyinsights.com/renewable (Accessed: 10 June
2024).
2. No Author:
o Format: Title of the Webpage. (Year). Title of the Website. Available at: URL
(Accessed: Date).
o Example: 'Economic growth trends'. (2021). Global Economics. Available at:
https://www.globaleconomics.com/growth-trends (Accessed: 8 June 2024).
Other Sources
1. Reports:
o Format: Author(s) or Organization. (Year). Title of the Report. Place of
Publication: Publisher (if available). Available at: URL (if online) (Accessed:
Date).
o Example: World Health Organization. (2020). Global Health Report 2020.
Geneva: WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/global-health-report
(Accessed: 12 June 2024).
2. Conference Papers:
o Format: Last Name, First Initial(s). (Year). 'Title of the Paper', in Editor(s)
Initial(s) Last Name (ed(s).), Title of the Conference Proceedings. Place of
Conference, Date, Place of Publication: Publisher, Page Numbers.
o Example: Kumar, S. (2022). 'AI in healthcare', in R. Smith (ed.), Proceedings
of the International Conference on AI. London, 5-7 May, New York: IEEE,
pp. 123-130.
Tips for Harvard Referencing
• Consistency: Ensure all citations are consistently formatted.
• Alphabetical Order: Reference list should be in alphabetical order by the author's
last name.
• Punctuation: Pay attention to the placement of periods, commas, and italics.
• Page Numbers: Include page numbers for direct quotes or specific references.
For more detailed guidelines, you can refer to resources such as:
• Harvard Referencing Guide - University of Leeds
• Harvard Style - Cite Them Right Online
