Cast Irons
Yildiz Technical University
Metallurgical & Materials Eng. Dept.
Steel (wrougth Fe-Fe3C Alloy)
Casting into simple form Large final product
Hot plastic deformation (rail, beam etc.)
Steel Either continuous casting or Rolling, forging, extrusion etc.
Ingot casting Semiproduct
Cold plastic deformation (Sheet, band, plate,
Ingot, Slab, blum, billet foil, wire, rod etc.
Wrougth Path over 95%
Secondary Processing
Final Processing Minor plastic
Casting into final form deformation
Heat Treatment Bending, deep drawing
Sand casting, permanent Painting, dying etc.
mold casting etc. Coating etc.
Cutting, blanking,
Minor machining punching, machining,
welding, joining etc.
Trimming, cutting (hole drilling) Final Part
Grinding etc.
Cast Iron (cast Fe-Fe3C/Graphite Alloy)
Casting Path almost 100%
Casting into final form Minor machining
Cast Iron
Sand casting, permanent Trimming, cutting (hole drilling)
mold casting etc. Grinding etc.
Final Part
Fe – C Diagrams
When C content is lower than 2% (Steel range) When C content is higer than 2% (Cast iron range)
Only iron-cementite phase diagram is favour. Both systems are possible.
White Gray
Fe-Cementite Phase Diagram Fe-Graphite Phase Diagram
Classification of Cast Irons
based on microstructure
White Cast Iron
Gray Cast Iron
Compact
Chilled Cast Iron Graphite Cast
white cast iron at the surface and Iron
gray cast iron at the interior
White Temper Cast Iron Maleable Nodular Graphite
Lamellar Graphite (sphero / ductile)
Cast Iron Gray Cast Iron Cast Iron
Black Temper Cast Iron
Austempered
Nodular Cast Iron
Check of Cast Structure
Gray Cast Iron
Chille zone
White Cast Iron
Examples
Manhole
Cast iron radiators Cast iron valves
Examples
Surfaces / holes etc.
to be machined
Centrifugal Cast Iron Pumps Cast iron engine block
Gear Box
Examples
Fatih’s Cannon «Şahi»
Historical Buildings
Cast iron Gate of Dolmabahçe Palace
Designation of Cast Irons
in European Standards
1 2 3 4 5 6
Mechanical Property / Additional Symbol
Graphite Type Matrix Type
Chemical Comp. (optional)
L- Lamellar A-Austenitic -xxx min.Rm (N/mm2) -D Raw Cast
S- Spheroidal F- Ferritic or -H Heat Treated
-W Suitable for
M- Temper P- Pearlitic -xx min. A
Welding
V- Vermicular M- Martensitic and
EN GJ
N- without Graphite, ledeburitic L- Ledeburitik S- Separate test sample
Y- Special Structure Q- Quenched U- Joined test sample
W- White Tempered C- Sample from part
B- Black Tempered
Example : EN GJL 350 EN GJS 700-2
