Coebictens tn parantheres —_—_ Pano: &. + NUMBER Systems » + Numba system ee a way b> aeprcsent oumbers. The modern Computers Communtcale and, operabke ut te binay numbers which use only legit: © and 1, Te Acpasient Jong shige af bis to He addrewe , Tosteudeme and date en cugtal Aytems, Ocul and Heradectmal Number Aystems axe used. + The four number Sysleme used to degttal sycleme are, \- Dectmal Number system a Brnaay Number 4ystem- 3 Ockal Number system . +. Hexaclecrmal Number system. % Tn any number syplem , the digits of a number how hoo parts . These Loo pak we Foleger and fradtonal part sek apa by a radex porate C9 FI general number - utth a deckroal poere Gd TS Acpaesented { coeffectents: > Tnteqer pork thactoroL Post Hee, any ts Most Seyntfecank Bik CMSB) a_p, ts Least Stgorpeeant: Bet Cis Radty/Base + the Bose | rade a oumber aye aatined ag the Humbe qf untwe degrts used Je Aepresent a dumber € tocudeng °) FTn any numba system, oo number expaevied fo a bate-¥ Agslem has coeticrents soulteplved by Mie powers of‘ n= x v ° at [a T Fen hte ag + at ae a tas #7 destengurdh nurbers 4 defferent baxer, we endae and wrrte Me bate value. Peshrral Number Syston] Btonay Number Sycherm Gdal Number Syitern | Mexadedtinad Number Systern - Bage/Radex y= 16 BuselRadtx Cr) = 2 Base /Radtx (x= @ | Buse) Rudi (a= 16 L Ranges © be 4 Ranges © be 4 Range : © bea Ranges o fois |<0 im tL A5 8 a TO Ay ste: NUMBER BASE ConVERSIONS.. LaAny Ratp be Dectras! Sconeatten ony bat te decival ts cove by exporting the number to a power” sertes 6 atltplagong each drart to Hie _nunbox AAAS pasttonal sight ond odling all dul kaw. , Method, . + Galak tnleger part by Sucere Deraton Mettodl ¥ Comart qfracktonal park by Sucsretve Mullicalton Method . 3. Brrosy fp Octal : + Group 4 abt: redaced by zts dedmal aqpsvalent h Bioay_to _Heradectmal : © Group qb bts aepared by * decimal asptvalent . S- Octal fy Brooay - ond + wate 3-brk broasy number aqurvalent™ be each edal dagtt and remove ang Seciding ele fring oa, b- Hemdectmal fp Btnary : % Waste R-btt broaay nurrbex Cebad esptiolent 4 cade Hexadectrol digtt and remove any feadlng and batlng zexs - 3%. Ockat Hexadectmal: + Odal —> Brnatey > Hexadedmal, 8 _Hexadectral fo Onl . 4+ Hexadadmnal —» Benaay > Oda. They Radex fo hoy Rade « & Ang Radtx » Dectmal =» Anckier Radrx.Te i ERR ka Pili ae lane = i Cit ol: lol) 2 [AI5-8599 = (37-328 De DMBER SYSTEM: | sl ie | I —— __ © Ang Radix To DECIMAL . WBtaay ye a) (Bie-1) y= C2710 Grote = (2): | es, Ps, a! ° Pano: © + ants 0125 tei! 2 0-8 axe 2 ext! 2 oO xa a Ve ax4? 2 192 a10-3tS 315) 1p Axe, ase 317-3281 (3i0n-la)y = Cat fom od 5 aaa, = De b) Getal 4 Dechmad, Solukton 2 1 2 (ats.as)e = Dre pashan Solution + area gl 15. = exe axes 0-35 sxe. 5 — te 6 ” 2% 3 Lax only 3 —_________> 4x5" = 5v0 a oxS a © Suh © Hexedectmal 2 Dectmal Bata) > (Dro Selutton + 4 we we we Bat ie | [CAB ie = Gaba. 101). <— — Ly poxid?s 0-0391 txid! 2 e-obas axis 2 hxte 2 196 | Goa Dg = (50-4) io) Axis a30H 2Kga-fo1hme @ Demat ANY RAK | hha tet ot Brae, (5614-3a4),- A, DO, OG, 9 CDs +5619, Fracton 2 Baq + Succerstve Divtsvo eva utltpteat on - eatticd, Metted . =r — Sutera « Ty (5089. 32%) = CDF 0) (5614-329) \, = 02a PF Appyeng, Succennve diutston on Tate . fr Agplyong, succemave Atvtecen of mee Taleger pot: e 4 e\a = a | se34, ele -9 2 lReaa -1 : Saree a “ 7S. (5689) ,.= (i301), “1 o © py cacremtve must plecattad | on Tradtonal port. | o o-3aa% @ = fal: 632 | Ee ob3rx# = |S|- o56 ° o-osk XB = ol; 44k ' one x® = | 3) 584 ie (0-329),, = 625098 » [Os689-329), 2 CI30Tl- asoa)e 1 | Get readonesorern ds, (5684-32910 = (2) : os C2 TF Apiyre Succestve rulltplteation oo 4 Applytry Succentve divtston on Fradtonal past . Tnteqer port. ‘ 0-389 x 2 2 O-bHE te Lee ‘ : o-bhe xX_ 1-296 . we a 3 : oda xa 2 2 5TR T ub | €5689),5+ (163%) i¢ , hoe : eee +A ey Aueerstve mulltpltcalton on (0-334) = Cotetonds, Fracktioal past. ordaaxld © [5)-264 , |* 1p= (loll oeot0) aan . alee “o-sey xe = 1B 344 (0-329) ip = (0-543) 6 ff Cota 329 (639.5439) 4) SoN Pa-no: A Cseeqaady = Qe > Priiieg ealiniosies <7 ¥ Reply Auccerstve divtston on Ahadfonl poat « : fo o3a9x9 =(3) 961 ob x aelel & Seren oa x4 = Lee q oe -a2 oe x4 slp: 564 a:% ; (038d ig = (225T)9. (steDio= (7a), oe (C5084. 3299 9 = (Tal ReST)q ® BINARY “Th OCTAL CONVERSION | Steps tr Toleger _ make goup of 3 bik Alou fro ise + ht Sheed eae make gents bats Atosting fom ms Stepa: Add os at Hie onde A] Acptred ond comert 3 bits Into dectrned, equtvalent- D Cleotort-toiD, = De Sclutton . ee tfeoion 10 sfige . .[Geeion- tora = C3 SH)g tol Be. s 4 A Mots was OD, Seukton colt ot - lito} ~ va [Coie = Cs-6)e (5 -.b @_Binary To _HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION! Slept ¥ Aon tnteger part, make group 4 4 btts shraltey fom bsp + For Tractonal part, make qroup 4 Abt staaltng from SB - ‘Stepa: * Add ols at the ends Aeatred and convert 4 brs tate 1 sodeatmal eqpuvalent .— [Exes] “ DY Etrotoorts-itrers = C200 plukton : ae thorebur. wisps . (AT- Fu) ee eee tJEnere oni titodas 6 ), A Clrotlottto stoortore)ys C2. Siutton eg tiferieliiie-tevifi ore 3 6 a _ [Croueiite-tecie1e), = ” (BEE 9Ad yy OCTAL TD BINARY CONVERSION : Slot. Watle tie 3 bie broawy aqpivalent be cack { octal diget - Seps + Remove any Harling and deadsag zeres. | [Example 5 Clas. bd ¢ = Da Statten : 00} | oto | lol M10 , . 2 (lolo tots eee), ) (shade = (De 6 [3 |. | 3 Ifo [oly wy 2.[C634-24)p = (ireot toe o1olt) 1LOOILLO0+ CLOMID loo ole: Pa nto. 3 HEXADEG MAL TO BINARY CONVERSION me Skea: wale Aue H-bit btraay equivalent de each heradlectmal diggt’ Stepan: Remove oxy Erostena ord deodtng zeros. ) WAaa-Bey = (2a & A 4 8 7 love [toto | too} lois | e100 TC8AT-BYYE =(tovotoro tool - totlot), = (lovotoioteol: teltel)a 2 (ers 008) 4, = (22 Sutton t Fle 2. © ° A eoot [tnt [td footy e0on | 0000] lo10 = CILMITLE Loott + e600 ceoter) a - [CIFE3- cobs CUI lool + Coeoceclel)al (@ OcrAL “To HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION | Stet: Convert each octal tty tb 3 dgtt beraay expiivalent , Sepa: Now Convert tars Enna Number fo hexadectmal by Wake b-bits, . Stra: Add zeros at Hie ends q seyatted b watle th hexadectmal epieled [Example| 2) (1bT-3a)g 2 C276 D Cois-asde = (De ‘Sclutton : Sclutton otol » IbT- 3% b> 61S UT Broony wor ite Hy + en fe > 00) : Bi “artie set tof: - o1e 1 en cpitetenk e eer “| Converting Binaag be Hexedbestinl Contetteg Binet, fp Wesadearoal oosofos ifort t+ tron ee q 4. 618 | hoes [eis ase = ciep- suid __ 4 asoll sock ier. erois tee ° vieip ws 4 [Ota 2 beyPyne: 0 HEXADECIMAL To -ocTAL CONVERSION, Piet Sbept: Convert eadh heyadectmal diegtt Dobe tis 4 Ut broaay ep Naloq- Sheet . Goovexe tas Beran numbee fats octal by soaking a grup Spa: add fpatltng cores of Hie onde en og ond uoptle Ti ockl eoutvalent . i Exampe] © CB ce Ob AF) ge C28 Solutton ; Hexadedrnal +» BC 6b- AF eta > lolliloo ooo . totorty | Convert Brn Ockal ecllottiiie eikecftre-telorb te ati3ale 1'4' 6 + 5 gg © CPFS- ABS PDE ee se Solutton : ue . Hexadectmal > FF 3Z- AB "Opatlent > It Ht oot) - foro lot) Coating Binary fo Octul: pete { 16 ropes eo tlalelsz . slate o. (CPE AB, = (1763+ Sab) g|Stept + Gnvert the number tn Stepa ) Coovert (AB2-345 b De Stept: Ang Rade Dectmal st gt ge soa HZ a. 3 4 LonxBouw 3xS's oe xs: % 3xs! 215 Axess too 7+ 132.34), 2 (17-78) jg Wee Steps: dectmnal fo Bose & 4-Dy- De + Sacerive dntcton op Tnbeyor pot e[{uF & La -3 (uH),,2 GID B-5 t + Saccesstve Mutttpeatton on “backtonal pat] otbxe = (Al Sb O-Sbxb = [3f 3b | O8beb 2 jaf Ib (O-Fb) in 2 Corhaary Use 2 (313-3 edb 2, | (438-BDe = (17-16) jp = (313-433), Q) Any RADIX TD ANY OTHER Rapix Comert from . Dectroal' fo the other Radr Pa stow a4 Aadte be , Deceroal [ 19 Convert (813-094 bo (24 Stepa: Any Radte fo Dectmnal gt ae Bho % 1 3-6 3 La Bxh = 0-187 Ls oes?s Bx 3 Vette aut an 34-187 2 C213 034 = (39-187) jo Steps : Decterml bo Base + (39184) 6 = C204 # Succemive diitstvo on Integer pat t 34 \s-n} (BD = (SD y oe Successive Mutktdreattoa on Fradtonal past Okt xt = 304 0-304 xT = [Af 163 | o-tbaxe = Ut) ColeDie (349-18 Die— + Bary Apprrion + THMETIC OPERATIONS * Rates 4px Bteany Ailton fenos ~ 4 © Add Uoroyy and Luda Saetin Jo1o Vid loool 1 Uodgt Lids = Cleoeds + BAe lootot (SO), [i 100ce° Ans To Newry S456 2 4a. ® notrror + Wreows 2 Sclutton [tot-tol Vit-ort 22 Molloy + Clow = (lotot-coe) 4 Sedation « Comet dectmal numbou by Binary al3d 2(Sb alie-s a laze 228-0 a (err RB-o 2Ut-o 1-0 2G-o *B-1 CA eootods C5Oi,2 Ut 008) a, @® Add 38), ard Ore to Praag | Resuit of Binary Addetten = 1ouve) 6 s a 4 KX OR HR HoH Le roRR tid ht otle+eautott B oe BDigt (SO1w = B00: @ Add toro-tiy + sol-tog + Fools ig + 11LNe Ma, Solutton, tow lo+——_ SON) Nanette Me Fy to: ta + BINARY. MULTIPLICATION + Ruleg fen Biroxy Mutleltcatton + BINAR' Rules for Btrar @ Pride Corre, by (de iooleo-l lio Yirerters llo etto to elo We 2 J, Citotton) + Ute) = Uootwe +29, INAS LON, 4 Devtston ® Grover, F COs. to tot I Dlo+ lor )yyovotett lot | os a Chrororridg = Ciena = (0! my i 2REI LOOTED Me Ma MH Py-No: 1m * Binary QUBTRACTION * . - Rules {px Biro Julokracktoo A | 8 [oH | Borow lo-re 4 ° 1 ‘ ° \ ° \ ° ) Ghote), — Coon oovoya, dG, - God, Uieiioo * lito © eo1leolo sss (> tel Fort toto —_— ———__. ovo] +, Uitlettoo),~ (oonoots),, ~ . : - = 60 = Corto, J. (mera Cueda s we 2 Gove - ot) — Ciiio-te), KY Croor-1i),- Crove- 1) Vooot- of Loot. v4 (~ bito-1o - (>) tooo-1t eootortl ay ote 7 Ans Coot +11) ~ Croco ti), « (0001-29) + COMPLEMENTS OF NUMBERS 4 SSS UMIBERS * In dtgrtal Com puters, Complements ae ued to em platy Me Aulbastten Operatton . ¥ There axe two types o complements fo each base-a system. J. Cioe0t-oDg-Uintorte)g = (booted, ‘The Radtx Complement (14 compement) 2. Dimintshed Aadee complement (-ri's complement). ¥ Gwen a number N to bate %' hoxtrg digit. > |e compement = (y= 1) -N | -F'4 complenent = af =n. Ge Cr complement + 1)Fa tho: i ¥ SOBTRACN \TH COMPLEMENTS lox Subtractton us Grn ents: The subbridton of be n- dept numbers M-N th base W can be done a follows : | D Aad Hie eotuerd M & the vy covnplement / (7-198 Complement . ef tre 4ubbohend nN. ) MEN, He gum usil Prduwe an end com. > Tn care 4 145 and a's complement , ad end dy gum : whidh gives the fprol desull. (le T4 complement) ' PTresse of 2's and it Complement, disond tue end cary. 1 Cie 7 weeaplement) : DT Men, the sam dows nok produce an ond casa. he, ; Aesult IS the 4 com plement 4 ¢N-M) . : TD cbtatn the antwer tr a fomtlror form, take He vs | complement of tue tum and place a negattve stgn tm front. Oo stra to's complement , Subbrack @® Uttog ids complement, Avberaue - Facan— 3aso. Aso — FAS32. ; | Staten: Sdhuttoo « Gen Ms F2538, N203as0 Tine ‘Mceaaso , No TA3t Fiod_tos tod_in's_comploment_of_N: 1s complement = ak complement +1] {ols comparnert = a4 corplement +1 4's complement » gaqqq as comperrent > 919999 ‘ 03250 caikooee : tols complement 76781 ay 0's complement 3 +1 ; +) : — Ws Complement > +! 46450 RAKE Me 4a53% Mileasse to's tomplened 2° 16 150. Ios comp SP RH bE qn Wedaga AH ” “Z041e , Grd Canny ts plodutend .Tn cone { 1's = Complement Cis Complenrent) Hee cosy there fs no coum = (los lement can be dtscarded . wre arswee Ts — Clos conplemr., 9's complement 4 Bene = aL $4534 - 3250 = 64888 e928 a Ws complement = tt -'. 3460= 725322 = 9%ee a © Conseder tte Binary Number N slotted, rd 7 complement and tr-0's complement + Glutton , Gren Brnaay nurboer » Rady ved ' ynplement > (+ complement) * TS ford by Aubemiting each lage: 4 No {pom 2 teuueard & jAetieod c1oortl > 1's complement (9 4's complement 4 Brraay Nusrber Se foamed by Gunging th to ots and D) o's bo 13. tc“ complermert : (+ complement) u's @ Comtder’ “Hie No: + Ocal Nurbe, Ne seat g- Herd 2 73 comparmerk and c-'s complament. Selulten ; Given Hie Otol Number Rade += @. th _cocmplemant;, (44 complerner) IE Bfound by subbrading each deget an {pom F Cray 7771777 treba O21 63 > 3's complement 8's_complement + Cr complement) B's cormplerment'= 74 complement +4 oAls5 63 +) DAIS bh > 84 Complement. & a's Gmpement s 1’ Complement + 4 olooiit +1 © o1000 @ Comrder the Dedinal Number Nz (Ghbt00d 9. Hed He V5 coonplernent) and t-194 complement - Selabton » Gwen a Dectmal Number. Radte re lo. 1g complement: (44 complement) It found by subtracting each eget AN thon Cray iio a aaa & 5HET0O 453.299 34's Complement o's complement : CY comment) Vols complement = 9% Complement + 4 AS32994 + t > 2b complement nN. @ Grvtda a Headedmal Namber Ne(GAFEAA),. Hod rts v's cexnpheren and Cr-1s complement . Solulten ¢ Ctven Hexadectmal Nurber «Radix r= Ib ts'g complement: Cr-1 complement ) # Dr B found by Subtwacling cach deg of N fom is CF) FeeReFF ts OSAP EAL ABoTDB > 18's complement, Hols Cor nt: C's Complement) Ws compement = 18's complement + | A5097D8 4 B50 FD C_ > llscomplament hae Strrtlaaly t's complement and. t-1's complement can be found fr | Numbers of Any bose 4¥#. 453306 10 Compement .Pe ee ene @ Ctven bo Bercy numbers Reloioioe and Y= 1000011, Peafor the suberacltor a) x-Y ard B) N-x Wing a's complervents - a) x5 Caen X= lOl0l00, Y= Looe! Feod_s's_complernert_of 25 compement = 1's complement +4 V's complement of Y= onntes 2s complement o| Y= otts100 ee eitiyol Xs Me oepemertny 444 104 yo $ [Boot oot End comy ts produced. Tin case, of v's complement Ca's complement here), Hie comy con be Abscoaded fom Hee Aum. loloioo Yeox Heed _a's_tompleroent px 1 34 complerment «1's complerment +1 V's complement 4 x= ooo Srv © 815 complement of X= o1ororl el © 101100 Hopoetvinrd Ne End. Corsa. Sox 2 -(2's Complement trom) S14 lompement 4, fume eotcooe +! (lotored — (eecer 1), = (Colevel Dy, ® Gren boo benaag ee X= lotolco and Y= loooon . Pecan a) X-¥ ond B)Y-X wstng 1's cooplernent Sdutton + a XN Given Xz looted, Ys loooot) Ffind_1's complement g 3 1's Compement = ott too Ke letor oe stomp 2 1111 eo ’ 4 (J coco co End camy ts produced -Jn ease q Crap's complement (1's complement herd He end c ts added to Hie sam be prcduce feral Aeault Sum =z 0O©1 0000 End = L Tras Cole ees hw And _1's Complement 4 x 'S complement AX = oLorolt Yeo 2 Ololor| & looool 4 Vs comp 4x yiolllo No gnd Garay. J-X = = (i's Complement] 4 Note) Jax = - (oosoool)y, hu. ©7 Todrcating Aue at go. Binany ob = tooo ei o (se @npemet= WI trio | % SIGNED Binary NUMBERS * NBER THE Atgned numbers hor a symbol (+ ot -) ot a bt Corry . ® Rettte number shat uttk ogy: +5 + Goeo ote! * Wegabte number Abuat with 1 - FQ “9 The Leftrost bt TH Hie degn bet fot stgned Bray Numbeu . Examples : z -13) © GO + Gisy ® he Cs : +t e000 011 © Hend__a!s_tomplement 4-6 23H evoo tte t Binay o-b = feoo e110 “ ( 15 Complements spr rbool Sue DS 2's complement = +1 ® ¢ & lttttoro (— b) + HI) Honda's compl eocl_a's complement of —& a Sa tomplement f= 13 Pa new signi Looe o10! Btrony -132 Lvoo wet V's Complement» 2titoolo wW _Tittoort Cl tttoor fan Ja > 2d Complement of +4 ; +1 as Complement = +1 24 complement = Tititote Vitioont ——_ ———_— —b ottittorve at Hiviee =13 Sag cco oe Sal w weet , cas =k 1 lio a(- +% Kovoooiit = (Ade, a J |Camen, = a's complement ef +1 ® Gey + c-1 a Veily S cvct oof t Br 19 : leme. 23 > Broary of 1 oe pean ae U's combernets 111 too 1]. 24 tomplement 4 \ 4s litoriot 2's complement = +1 Hittoout bt Cid = (rotions cae ooo DIIGO -13 eefg no +14, + \BINARY Cones + A Brory code nepsererts a coding siglem i Re — Aarts donda br sepresent a Jeter, dee a a characker to an eledrente dete. | aR nbrt Bima tode 2: a qreup ee et eer | upto aM ditsttack combtnabteny I, ard o's, wet, each combinakton aepresenting one clement She 4et tak ts been ceded.” Brraay (odes ore bacadly clarstited toto 1. Numeste codes By Werghted cockes- (Boo @421,5441, 24M, 4-2-1) | Tt) Non. wetghted codest Baers-3 , Gray code) 2 Alphanumente codes C Ascez) i 3. Frer detecteng Codes. © Bieaxy - Coded _Decteral_¢ Bed) code: (Wetghted Cede) 4 * Although He birosy Nurnber. Auystero ts He nakual Aye fe Computer , meat of vs are mere aauitomed fo He devemal Agstem. + The diHterence Xs Aeidved by Conw: dectmal numbers Cob 4) b btraxy , paorm ail aarthmelit coleulattons tn bray ard en convert Hie bimay senile bak Je dectmal ¥ Boo ha Werghled Numexte ode . Tt Hue matt commmenlyy wed ede. 4 Be fs a cede to which ead digit -¢ a detmal number Dediral Bed Dig Bhar Sua AY aL A -4 > © gooo Oo boo ooo | oo eo © L 00) toot e ool oy ud 2 Bolo oo 10 eeto 11 32 boils oot oot eo 1 »e 1 4 A bisco Olen Coo o | oo —| s ero Lovo lpi 10 FL — 6 Pio Loot Ltoe to 12 — 1 Orr toy 1 wt npee fq No: 80 * Bo & a weg hed code tn whitch each bet _pesttton 1 o0tane A_wer ality A fn tuth a way Alok each dtytt can be evaluated by cates He wergis of al Afee 1% tr the cocled, combtnottton , Shay code + tthe bte tombtnattion iol, when wetghied by 54 AI code T° Exd ENKI + gxobIx) = OF4+1 = F (decal eytvalent) % Some digcs can be ceded ty boo fosste ways to the SRAl code . FR: Dectmal & can be asstyned fe bet combtnalton lool oy o110 RAR code the btt combtratton Jol, when Wwergided boy 2421 code ts = AXt+ HX + Axot+lxo = 244 = & Cdecemal egptvalent) * Some digris fan be coded 2n Luo pothle lass tn a4al code. E+ Detmal 4 can be arstgned fo bit combtrattm olco e¥ lolc. 4-2-1 code: ¥ Bhat code a4stgnt boty postttve and negattve beer ghls fe a dectmal code. ¥The bt combtrakron o1jo fe tobespacted os dectmal 4 tm 4-2-1 Bxot kei t Ca + 1x0 = 4-% = a. Bai code, : Ceommenly vied Bed code) The dectmal aqswalent for O10 To ghar code te caluuloted oF Bxothxitaxi+ixno 2 Hte = 6. Exces-3_ Gees (Unwerynted eo” Un 12. + Zach coded tombteatton ts detained a4 covesponting Pinang value 3 Pow es SM 4Pano: ay ® Gay Code CVouergiied Cede) # To gray code, erly one btk- changer when gg for ee number to the next. + Tt TS comentent & use the Bay code tr Lome pes a analog do de Converkens. M “ Decimal Gray code LC tou toa 1000 f o 0000) r ‘ooo! | ae not 3 ‘ooto 4 otlp = ott 6 e1ol 7 Lo! e Lio) 4 Hoy Te Lu i tu 12 f toip a rr rr @ Asc Character Code: © 4 The alfvaramente codes aeprcients alphabett. ard numesse Toformatton as a Sextog 4's ard v4 - “s * The Atandord berwy code fpt Hee alphanumerte charactorp ts Prrewtan Stordard Cole for J wakten Trlerkange (ASCE), # Asc is a Fbtt code and s 37 og 1g chaxecherg can be Aepacsented . +The 4b ode on wed by aeprerent 12@° alphonumecte druacheey Te Ab upper cose Jette, 26 Lovee céue” Jetterd, to riambials C649,” * 3 printale cuacters and 34 ooobol charade . © Exor_Deleultrg Code : Lranunatied F when tie cagtel fnfprrreuton te Me benasy fotrm fs Haren from one Alero by another, an ener fray acour. oe Fle tmeane & Atgnal comespondtng too may change a oad Vie veua due bo te preience qf retse - Fanuby Bit : abe a Fechntqwe for deteding error tr fo add on erty >a Koen a8 bey Yndtcale He otal number of Ls te odd even | posty 4Cacknowledgement) tontwol choraster . — Sst Ng le fg.no: 22 Gonutder the fulouorrg Accit values. and Huets odd. ond a a ‘ Wrtt even poschy with, odd party. RSC = "1600001 ° Oloccoot “+! Ty coool . eLolctoo the ofght-brt charactors Hist roclude parthy brls are Saonenttted bo Meta deattnabton- Ape of eat chacher Is tien cheded ak the PEG ing . - + tee patty o the sectued chowmter & net even, Hen atleast one btt hag changed zo value dusmng Be ranemtsstoo ts deteded . + I on error _& deleded, the Aecebver mad recpieat fe Aekraranmsstoa f the message by serdiing bade Ascii NAK (-ve Ack) + TL te errr ts dekeded, He Aectver sends bid an AUK Ase = leroico Hotstoo + DITION * TF & a numexte code th wird each deatt a decal number Ts represented by Seperale qaoup 4 bite. Example + + ae Brory value {18 + fools Bcd Value of 18 ; oeot 1000 Procedure for _@ep Addtttra: Sept: ware Bep eqyrvalent fa Overy decemal dtgtt and, Peyote oddetten ustog ordtocuy Addrfire rales...» + pe + a) 1, Gur <= 4 4 no cary , the tur f te valkd Bap form ya Zum >to Zio cong, the Aesult ps trvaltd Bed degtk. ae Soadd & (0110) bb got valtd Bed digit ond a Bev carry. 21 ween com ye SOT, Bum < 29 with » the result ts Ynvaltd and needs Consedtton because q Me camy. So, add 6 Colo) fo yet Aue valid Bed sum and o Bep cony. APynoas Exorpler fox Be Addtityn; Due Bd, odd 124576 | O 4es Scuutton 1 1 te ccot | Sdutton + He © | to00 | otco h Ole Pet + oro} ond ono + Ke | | +s 4olol O1pl [10006 | fol oO sq a + orto | ete ade 7 1OOl hea lore Bepsur0111 | O11 0! Oooo —_ a ny © vag Bev, add Ae+5e uleon + Ae be Toe, etd | 1e20 + ere | tooo $ Fo10” Teo 0” Brongsum 24, ul + ello | O10 Le fg cov, 0000| O1 10 a 1100 Bray sum>9 Bep sum +0110 Add © 7 ° t ood © 010 pu. 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