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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
47 views62 pagesPermutation & Combination
Uploaded by
gone4328Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
PERMUTATION & COMBINATION
FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF COUNTING :
Addition @ute '- ( obtion &h
44+2=2 @
Oe uth bi cohen Bude (com sitter / And)
If an event can occur in m different ways following which another event could occur in n different ways, then total
number of ways of simultaneous occurence of both the events in a definite order is m — n (This can be extended
to any number of events)
id F
AT a -
eX wd _—
EF | & F\ RF Nov of wos
as
er} (er) (#?) (er) aes
f = A—»p = 2xcxr. = 32°
E(b) Cinema Hall :
() Number of ways in which he can enter and leave the cinema
hall by a different door = S XG = 22
(i) He can enter & leave by any door.= Sx 5 =20
(ii) He can enter by D,, D, and leaves by D,, D,,D,= 2x 2= ¢
a
[LIE
E(c) Tossing of a coin
@ Ona tie
® @ = 2!
Q +
© Ex'- Books im Shalf
@- 4 Gookzg ' ef. 0M. E
4° 3-2: | = 24
@Q: 2- Books '- an Co
© e a
xT EI + LPL IS xl] +
Bored 3 2 1 2.2 '
x
as
2 ze
6464 646s 24 @ (2x4)
© A- Bdks Fo me
ee
\\
(4:22) ST Examples on Fundamental principle :
E(1) 3 digit numbers using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 without repetition.
and
|v x 3x 8 = 2e
E(3) 7 flags of different colour. Number of different signals that can be transmitted by the use 2 flags one
above the other.
E(4) Number of words which can be formed from the letters of the word Machine if Vowels may
‘occupy the
(a) odd position
{b) even position.
m@. c, #.ON@®
st od m a
(41). C4) da S fy °
1). (41)
(34
E(6) 4 lettered word using only the letters from the word "DAUGHTER" if each word is to include "G'
@
rz
= e+ Gea Coe) + Co)
vv vy vt ry TT
tes 7 €3S Fe Boor
vos = 4(F OT) Sete
Ana Tate -— withesk"G }
Gio) - ito! |
SaesS Fo s4
zes (9-4) [
= 65.4 = B42 )
D(7) 10 T/F questions. How many sequences of answers are possible.
Oo -®
O—>+Q
GY
YS Ye
©O—-® D(8) A letter lock consists of four rings marked 26 different english alphabet. The number of ways in which an
unsuccessful attempt can be made.
n
Bol
| biol
Vv Vv v Vv
26 26 26 26
= (2c)*-4
D(9) If there m monkeys & n available masters in how many ways monkeys can be given to the masters, if a
master has any number of monkeys.
el”
eS} g 2 9. 8
SD @ @ 1)
xr ©
2 ©
Ley» Cn)
——> ©)
‘as @®
Ex! Ub gq ganen hight umber 1s to bg mode
then Lind toted mien der od nem bere -
G2 AN Aig't on diferent (o,2,%,--- 9) i WO ton ae igi ona Lome.
ae Lt
+
3
CN) All digit ana dlighinct ond the number if
odd:
at 22
Ld] ——
9 6 4+ 6 S 4 oe
SQ
@ ®
[2
+
( [3
+
Ww) Lum bar ahold be divisiQe by 4
@ «A OR nA:
oo 3h 64 3°]
2)” o4 3t cg
@ os
= | { 4 £
YY wr 12 Tr
gle ts cote FS
° oz
2 rc 88
4
28 bo 92 |
J
@
REQ ®
[22 |
an
Le
LLL (oC ee
e465 4 vol (ol)
a
(VI) Neve ber hand be game, if ori tien form
ond to blading
>\
[x [+9], [+0 x
3 oe ye ter 1 = goes
Permutation & Combination '-
—> Ayrangseuat| in didinod ordov
tatlachon [Crap / st [Taam
> Gan) (aa 0 gace fol
Glen} Cc) § bese @
fb as T-1 : Number of permutations of n distinct things taken all at a time
= nl
T-2 : Number of permutations of n distinct things taken r at a time 0 x=yorxty=n (cs
LT {UT |
E(1) There are n points in a plane, no 3 of which are collinear. Find
(a) | Number of straight lines by joining these points.
=
C2
S \
aS
I
ne
(©
n-pomts = (og J Bt line (b) Number of triangles
Ex!- tin do Nunber of duegencde (n ‘mn! gided
pay gem:
Ex- 44 Suagoncle = 44 pen mo of ides
im peg
Zo) un = 44
CL
nr) -n = 44 a a Ex'- Hos mary A com be formed by geisieg pu
ei mn- gi, on
Ce
How may of Hassan teigegs Pow -
12 \ AAD) i o
‘Gar _ > *
ey I e
(lp Exactty 4s side common wrth tnt of
He polygon: 6 c
on
zl
a a dii) No gldgg Lorman
Pedy gem:
asl” Totel - (1 + ii)
3 - (1-4 4) 710 points in a plane no 3 being collinear except 4 which are in the same line. Find
() number of line
(i) | number of triangles
Ww .
=
= lo
os Co7 4c, + 1
@=)
mar
a ia
ot
8a Scat, + SO 4c, E(2) 6 parallel lines which are cut by another set of 5 parallel lines. Number of parallelograms.
és
remmcral
Ext The ure tosr of erctony ta & Sqpore
In O28g board:
y cos g 3
[7
aol GNNOKNINAA ANE
facdeag le J. al, quatss = 8x8 + 4xF + hx 64+ ---- + 1x1
sto? tera ee + 8*
= n(n (ana)
6
= 8 (841? Ciet)
4
E(3)_ Number of words with 10 different consonants & 4 different vowels if each word has 3C and 2V and
begins with a consonant.
sol” @®c @v
E(4) In how many ways can the seven different colours of a rainbow be arranged so that the blue and green
never come together.
el tote) — dur & geven Come toyother
== 6-21 D(5) A Grandfather with 7 grandchildren takes them to zoological garden without taking the same three
children together. How frequently each child goes and how frequently Grand father goes.
©
ype
P
H
\ 4
C2
E(8) 4 boys and 4 girls are to be seated in a line, find :
(2) Number of ways they can be seated so that 'No two girls are together. (or qirls are separated)
(b) not all the girls are together or at least one girl is separated from the rest of the girls
toted — il giels ru +ogathor
gi — §!4i
@.@, 8, Be (G40) ©
4e 6 8 G¢eB G RB
@ @S e6seao Qs IO
4] Soy +1 -2
41412 fg
N
(e) If they are 4 married couples then the number of ways if each couple is together.
&) @ € 5)
Al 212121 2)
Ext- find numer of © digit noe in OW
digits am ina
CW) Ascending ocho i? Rrsemdliag ovelsr
ELEEPy
5 Mee
Col 011723, 4,8, 1 FG
@
E(10) A train having 12 stations enroute has to be stopped at 4 stations. Number of ways it can be stopped if
no two of the stopping stations are consecutive.
01
1 Si S3 Sa 5 S 53 Se 85 oe Se
E(11) 8 straignt lines & 6 circles in a plane. Maximum number of their intersection points.
Bx”
Be, i+ Sc, 24 *c,-
D(12) A cricket team comprising of A, B, C,..... J, K is to be sent for batting. It ‘A! wants to bat before ‘J’ and ‘J’
wants to bat after 'G!. Then the number of batting orders if other players could go in any order.
a!
A aq T
Ul &
Cz 23! qa T te FORMATION OF GROUPS :
Ty ee-E @D Number of ways of cuviding “n
different ob yaks inte "v" greuts of
rds IZA May Ma pMg--- Ny whi no fue
grorp s fave Bom SI
wo) be
Forse ava]
L
|
mL Mal al o> Tel
_S
Ex: Ox
GA
az
te}
S131 2!
vahtc ‘mn! Lftrent
Q Number of wey’ in
. IL +n ‘1 , Lt ad
I
Other parson pt ny otyats (my 472-7)
DQ
(—! \. 21
\ mlm) divided into feb i Lihide
K grote —Ponn grep aim "n",
‘k” n » u u “a,
“ks” " ” 0 a “ny ,
“ee” n , Moet
then ae bar ba
al
=> K, kK. k.
Gund. Cat --- (t) () el = Kel)
2
Ex'. & oljats _b!
(31)
gl L
3) 31 21 21
oo
= OO}
= ! 2
2
2
2
lel . i
(21 21.2121 21) S| PPP POPE eee ee
E(1) Find the number of ways in which 30 Jawans can be divided into 3 equal groups ? In how many
ways can 30 Jawans be deputed equally on 3 borders (10 on each border) ?
asl) Ge)
\
SO ©
{__ 3°! «i | 3)
(otter) 3t/
E(2) Number of ways in which 200 people can be divided into 100 couples is (100 equal groups)
gol” 202
eee
[2:51 ,_)
(a1 ye foo] /
E(2) 6 different books are to be distributed between R|S|G if each child gets at least one book.
®
\
NP /a\
Bless)
4
[ 6! i \xe 31 + [ 6! \x 31 Ol yt \ 9
(Ciera J para) Gram 2)” E(4) 8 computers of different make to be distributed in 5 schools if each school gets at least one computer.
[ a > !
Great 41) 0 Cintara tt)
+ [9 xt\s)
AQ aiay 2! ai)
E(3)_Number of ways in which 8 persons can be seated in 3 different taxies each having 3 seats for passengers
and duly numbered if
(a) internal amangement of persons inside the taxi in immaterial
(b) internal arrangement also matters.
b<] [ea (x1 Lz] (xi EI
pt GZ) Gy GT 4)
@. ® L
— “N\
gl xat\-34
313) 21 2)
Soe &
©. 9g
— Cp: &
g a A yack ag fie Ui ffeent pairs of ghase
Nudnber of Woyd im wha foarr here con be
hosdon frm it 60 hot thir is me
dom Ls poss:
Ll, | &
l
= Lz | @ |
Or Lg a
Sey %c 70, + Se, 40, + %, 444% Le ha
© Lok fb @ 1} e ally |e
ar Ei lattes) Hoy
oe
He Or
Ha >?
(‘iat pun cms) >
XK Ha Us
GS) @ @ “_"
v HY) GS Gl
. Oees
Cae Ie. 2%. 0
4 1 rte,
Ex!- Gix married couples ara in bide party
To how mem eye 4 _paweon be
falscled 60 thet thay form—
GU) Ne cou ple GG @@& &
a 2 : 2 de, ty dy Cxcathty om coud
© Oo
6
Cat, 2
Fey 7a,
Ls gabading one ble cut § @)
dil? Ailengt ort cords
Excady om carl, + Excocdty foo abe
be 36. Fe, 2
cy tc, + be5
dy) Atm gt OX cosple
NO cor pO, + Excad er corp.
2
c
6, 2.2 2, « 3,
cea an ey pS 2
cr 7c 70
PERMUTATION OF ALIKE OBJECTS :
Ex aae ——> 3!
Aas? ——> s1=6
L+» aaPe § poe
2) pA AVP \aae)
ar) Ls Ar As Atay
Are Ar (aca)
b eae | aA
hs tA \aa ) pof onekind ‘i
Number of permutation of n things <= af ancther kindand taken all ata time= —"
rare all different plalr
10!
For example number of words which can be formed using ll letters of the word "MAHABHARAT” = 7
Examples :
E(1) In how many ways the letters of word PERMUTATIONS be arranged if word starts with P end with S.
” (et (4,7
gol e 1 S TT)
iW 2A —
E(2) 21W and 19B balls are arranged in a line (balls of the same colour alike). Find the number of arrangement.
if Black balls are separated.
am
Al
21 ( ot = *t, @ “6,
E(3) Consider the word INDEPENDENCE, then find the number of taken all the letters if
r
NNO
Dd
| EFEE
e
(a) no two vowels are consecutive.
{31 cs,
si
2121 s ar c (b) E's are separated/no two 'E' occur together.
3 41
(
gl
Capa J Sa
(©) without changing the order of vowels tans. %c,,2L 31a!
12! 9
— (d) at least one 'E' is separated from the rest of the E's (Total - all four together) [Ans. (4)
21314! \3!2!
~ 7 :
(ec) keeping the positions of vowels fixed (each V must remain at its own place) (Ans. 375;]
7 si 7! :
() without changing the relative order of vowels and consonants. tans. 7315/1
QO =F e e e
r€ € EF
12
Coil FI
21 2)
Gece®)
©. INDEPENDENCE,
41
_ ©. INDEPENDENCE,
41 2) 21 E(4) Number of numbers greater than a million using the digits 2, 3, 0, 3, 4, 2, 5 how many of these are div.
aw ° [| | ]
Fl a
| 2) 21 aia
LC
rap) LE p 7 t fo j+Eit tt 7 ts)
E(5) How many different words can be formed using all the letters of the word HONOLULU if (no two alike
letters are together) or juxtaposed [Ans. 2220]
E(6) Find the number of 7 digit numbers if the sum of their digits is ( o—-3)
a) 63
~
4]3[3 [3] 3 ]a]a qi) 2
$9 9399 9 3 &
Fl ~@ 993333¢
61 9995583
8 959932
di 61
1} | TIT + |
934 63994397 93 3939 8 ®
a) Fl
64 S12)
dv) fe
ee ee ee
9339 393939 6 9339998 # 9995888
a! + Fl + Fi
aI S| 4! 2) M) 53
t+ 9393399 9 §
zw 3333 3 8 6
m 3 3 33 3 4 F
Lr $34 33 8 @ F
Yr 99 4 8k e
alo+ Fl + 4) + Fil + GF!
él Sl $12) 412) 214!
E(2) From word MISSISSIPPI selection of 5 letters can be done in how many ways.
Tye ot gle chon No. § weye of edastion no J werds
. . 2 2 3
+ Folie + | al Cy 4 2 6 cfc 5)
+1
* Qelike + Dalike Zoo = 4 26, Fa, SI
3121
Basie t tater un | 2.2%, 2 6 2, Be, sd
3!
. : 2 2, s]
+ Dabile 4 Qolike+ 1aiH | “Cl 2% 2g Co. Ss \ Dodie aor anew! 2c,» %, = 7 Bey. 2e s}
E(1) Find the number of words formed by taking 5 letters of the word INDEPENDENCE at a time.
Geel) Gx 6) @ AO
Be ot gslach on Noy wes 4 Sobebin| Ne J weeds
Aol + idl c,-Sc CoS 8! = as
41
Bolike + 2 ghike 201 Fe, 2q%qy- Sl = qe
Brat
Dohike 4 (ditt lait Fe, Sy, %e %. ) gen
2)
3
D alia 4 Dali lee + Lait Co Fe, S451 = 2h0
212)
doles + [at Hal cH | 2c, & ey Sey S) 2 gee
Zi
all one StH: 6 Gacy = Re
2345 Ex!- Nember of Ne grast+ then Lee fron oigi'ts
|, ls 2939420 token four ak a frome
BEF OO mot mdaded
A @® © @®
2 alia + (ditt ai = oO -%:4l = 26
zy
[Ha WH ald +IH= 4. 4) = 24
gt
i
Cae OQ _jndue
OGO®
O+ Qolive+ dit = bk ky %, f4l - 31) 2 24
NE
so) Tf [4
Lt} +_—_——
O+ (dil 41a aLGH = O45 / 41-3) )s24
= 60429424 = (1
D(2) How many 6 lettered word can be formed using the letters from the word INTEGRATION if each word
has 3 vowels and 3 consonants. [Ans. 27720] CIRCULAR PERMUTATION :
— NN
ef ref hCG}
\ KX YY
a (i)
(ii) taken r at a time = "C(r - 1)!
(b) If clockwise and anticlockwise arrangements are considered as same then the number of circular
(n-1)!
permutations of n different things = ou
Note : In case of garland anticlockwise & clockwise sense are same
Nota!
————
O94 err ony 1s ficnel on ciecle , thon alt
Other lo cation will become _ gpoet fre
@)- 34 grate ana umieced, then civatar_formubak
is simply [inser pare oaseloh om
Examples :
E(1) Number of ways in which 7 Americans and 7 British people can be seated on a round table so that no two
Americans are consecutive.
sa” 61
O- (2) (a) number of ways in which 8 persons can be seated on a round table so that “all shall not have the
same neighbours in any two arrangement"
wa por
|
i
G-ol FL ase
> ~ 2
E(3) Number of ways in which 8 persons can be seated on a round table so that two particular person are
never together.
st Aoted — — aliroye tagotr
Fl = état @®8BGOOE®)
L
E(4) Out of 10 flowers of different colours, how many different garlands can be made if each garland consists
of 6 flower of different colour.
Be” lo D(5) Number of ways in which 5B and 5G can be seated on a circle alternately if a particular B and G are
never adjecent to each other in any arrangement. el
Be ¢s
Bl” tok) — aluoye toga the
4is}o- 3141: & 4
Cosa)
Gay
@
|
g
D(7) 20 persons were invited for a party. The number of ways in which they & host can be seated at a circular
table such that two particular persons be seated on either side of the host is
2@>
Sl” igh 2 '
AT D(8) There are n seats round a table numbered 1, 2, 3, .n. The number of ways in which m (< n) person
can take the seats is
Cone
TOTAL NUMBER OF COMBINATIONS
Case-l : When things are all ditterent
Case-II : When some alike, some other alike and remaining all the different
The number of ways of selecting atleast one thing = ((e +24 +1jgn Pa ) -1
where p alike are of one kind, q alike are of other kind and rest are different
GS (8)
\
Cite Clit t4 t)- 1 Comce)
v on koe
oh 4 Be T 7) yf
\ ) (24 0G+0-1
owt ———_—
une L
@) (3) -1 =@© E(1) Out of 3 different maths 4 different physics and 5 different chemistry
}ooks, how many different selections/collections can be made so that each selection
consists of
(one book on each subject
(i) at least one book on each subject
(ah): 8-1): GS-1) = ass
(iii) taking at least one book
Mima; 6 Pa OO OG Cr —* (2)
> ee
E(2) Out of 2 Cocas, 3 Mangoes and 4 Apples how many different selections of fruits can be made if each
selection has a
Case | : truits of the same species are alike (i) atleast one fruit
(ii) atleast one fruit of every species.
at Goss
Gay) Qtr 4) Cie itttien - |
SS ON NN
a le 26 eM im 36 am eA jaan sq 4a
2.4-5 -)
33
di @) Coos) Gs)
Ct4) C1441) C14 1+ 1400
2° (4 = 24
Case Il : fruits of the same species are different
(i) atleast one fruit
(ii) atleast one fruit of every species.
Ci C, Pt) PI Mg Al Ar As Ag
Ww 23-1
dip (221). @?- G4-
E(3) A shopkeeper places before you n different books each having p copies. Find the number of different
selections that can be made. (Ans. (p + 17 - 1]
D(4) Every one of the 10 available lamps can be switched on to illuminate a certain hall. The total number of
ways in which the hall can be illuminated is (Ans. 1023} Impotant note :
That every natural number except 1 has atleast 2 divisors. If it has exactly two divisors then it is called a prime.
System of prime numbers begin with 2. All primes except 2 are odd but all odds are not prime. A number
having more than 2 divisors is called composite. 2 is the only even number which is not composite. A pair of
natural numbers are said to be relatively prime or coprime if their HCF is one. For two natural numbers to be
relatively prime it is not necessary that one or both should be prime. It is possible that they both are composite
but stil coprime. eg. 4 and 25. Note that 1 is neither prime nor composite however it is comprime with every
other natural number. A pair of primes are said to be twin primes if their non-negative difference is 2 e.g. & 5;
5&7 ete
E(1) Consider the number N = 75600 (24.3°.5%.7})
n=09)3' sg!
(i) Number of divisors +
\ J yj
(racer atti) Cieisten) Ct4i4 C4)
OP IACESA BLA De
a= } 5:4:3:2 = 12°
F
1
ny 4
(i) Number of proper divisors
= 120 2 (note that 1 and N are not the proper disor) = = 1B
(ii) Number of odd divisors ' 3 3 oq!
= no 2 should be taken = 4.3.2 = 24 ; Citisin) Crain) C+)
= 4°72
=> 24 (iv) Number of even divisors = atleast one 2 should be taken = 4.4.3.2 = 96
ay 307.8!
Cpeisaiay) Cisitiai) (itt? Cr+)
ve
1
ZL
> 24
)
= 44'2:2 = 36
(v) Number of divisors divisible by 5 = atleast one 5 must be taken = 5.4.2.2 = 80
14.37. st. 9)
Carats) Ciara G1: (4?
Lal Ded 2 ge
(vi) Number of divisors divisible by 10
atleast one 5 and atleast one 2 must be taken = 4.4.2.2 = 64
Guy Sum of all the divisors
4 53 22
25-375
a\ \ _\
Carola 224424) (3% 43'4 37499) (secs U (2743)
ASKS
KL
2p SF? =
pr ah etal = F5éos
pes a? = 2
phat gh qe = ate
= 304520
;
§
(31) (39) (31) CO {
{
\
] em
N = 75600 = 2'3°5°7? =>
1a@2 3 5 7
2a2 3 8 7 | 60 pairs
(+ Gigeaseeotay
pease ad
120
Read. number of ways =—5~ = 60
Note :
“)
whenniseven
. , wherenis
nt
1
when nis odd
0 ——— SS EES
E(2) How many different ways in which the number N = 75600 can be resolved as a product of two divisors
Total divisors = 120
Number of ways in which N can be resolved as product of two divisors is
number of divisiors of N.
°. He con
(4n+2) (m2) of ty integer 24°
@+ ® 8 © 1° ® 3
a
—~ 9485 ot.gis' 2| 24°
2\ 12°
doted Nov divigiore = ((+l+lt 4) Citi) (4) 2 —
= s.2-2 ——
= 20 Fs
~~ )
=> (4n+2) S @ neo
=) 2 (2m) ; © mst
) ned
St Ca) (it ; x \¢ as
4 ' SUMMATION OF NUMBERS (3 different ways) :
E(a) Sum of all the numbers greater then 10000 formed by the digits 1,3,5,7,9 no digit being repeated
| ity
Sa 82% =si-G@
Method-1 Al 224
294) LI “|i |
Sts \ 24
+ 321° 1
1291 pd
24
a
s
1p
J
tye
24 (i+ 2454 F435) Fle at 4
2
Gv \ v
@?
a \, 66 £6 8 0 Du
(se ) Sqr GP = 8
=
OD Q 2X3 + 2%)+2x1
6+ 44+2=E
Oaa an
AD 2C 3424197
®
OY
(3.3 2
+ 1 fe
2
z ° L
at
Method-2
- FG Nv °.
Q2S= ax! +oxrw b
LES = Qxl 44x 4+ 0K17
+
LLIT TIT +>@
jxv4 L [sP+ pol + [e+ 197 + 107]
3x24 Fy + (st + fs* 4s? 4 77]
x24 Sis + is? 4s? 41-7? 4nd
axag Liste te tee +i? 4
3x14 Cit 4p ah? 4? 4.4 24x 1s x itll
geo & {11h
£ CELE 00
fa, [OO Eom |
E(1) Sum of all the numbers greater then 10000 formed by the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 no digit being
repeated. [Ans, 5199960]
sal” toted —_—
= GU (ot 244 +648) Cui 01 Grater) Gi)
= 24. ae mut — 6-25) In
= _5323328° —_13332°
= S1i9ggle
D(2) Sum of all the numbers greater then 10000 formed by the digits 0, 1, 2, 4, 5 no digit being
repeated. (Ans. 389997] D(3) Sum of all distinct four digit numbers that contain only the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 each at most once is
{Ans. 399960]
given by.
QUE | “cq 4! = 12°
s4 32 2
[fs]
pf
[2}—> 24
(#2
[IE >
xo (tot tie! tee 4 (7)
ax24 Cl 4 41s? 41s?)
3x24 City +h* +t)
4 x24 Cp tie! ttl)
Sx2a (ts 4 (8 tht 47)
24x Cit24344ees) (ih)
24x 1S x*
= 395935 ¢= D(4) Find the sum of all 6 digit numbers by using the digits 1, 1, 3, 3, 7, 8 (Ans. 7666659}
zl”
= [ J ja) os! =
21
oo
| 3] s1
2)
a] s!
21-21
| 8 S|
212)
Sum = [ix S) + 2x S! + Fx S$! 4 € x9) \ (im)
2! 2) 25.21 2)2)
DISTRIBUTION OF ALIKE OBJECTS : { gneo> 2A
Ex. In how many different ways 6 identical coins can be distributed between 4 persons each person can
receive none, one or more coins.
Steps :
() Add identical false coins one less than the number of persons. ie. 6 + 3 < (false coins)
CO0000R Cee
(i) Complete the linear arrangement of there 9 things of which 6 alike of one kind & 3 alike of other = —__
9!
kind ie. G57
0080080 0 @ >22,2.0
000800 0 @ @ 483,00 @o0@®000 0 0 ®@ +115,0,0
0@®@008@0 0 @ O +11,2,2,1)
—— In each arrangement false coins will act as a partition wall.
wo
31 _ &a- nth
v
613) ony
as
(1) Number of ways in which n identical coins can be aistnourea among p persons, if each person receiving
none, one or more coin:
OOO°... fe}
n identical coins
(2) Number of ways in which n identical things can be distributed among p person if each person can receive
at least 1 thing (en)
COOd.......0,, GO®@.....@
(2) identical things (p-}) false coins
n-ptp-l=n-1
=1)!
Required number of ways a ieee
(is) z 2 Oo
1
—_——_— > xX
wy Ua mw
Ui Fur tX2 =>
@ 1 | i
Vv [4+ Xi +x] = F (3) fx, +x, +x, +. . +x =n, then find
(a) Number of non-negative integral solutions = ""'C_,
(b) Number of natural solutions = "7C_,.
Examples :
E(1) A shelf contains 6 separate compartments. Number of ways in which 12 indistinguishable (like)
marbles can be placed in the compartments so that no compartment is empty.
Ki + Ki 4 X24%a4t Ke 4+ Xea 12
l ! | | 1d
E(3) In how many ways 30 marks be allotted to 8 questions if atleast 2 marks are to be given to each
question, assuming the marks are to be alloted in non negative integral values.
Qi 4+ O24 O2+ Oa +O. + Oc+ 834+ Qs = 3°
2 2 ZL 2 2 Ld 2 2
} + 22 422 424 F209 42e 42947" = 4
l4+ 8-1
E(4) There are unlimited number of Red, White, Black & Green balls. (balls are all alike except for the
colour)
(Number of ways in which a selection of 10 balls can be made.
(i) Number of ways in which selection of 10 balls contain balls of all four different colours, gol (1) Q4t+u+ B+ G= |°
lo+ 4-1 _ 13
4-1 ca
dia Kau+ 84+GQals
yo 7
Fou 4b +47 = 6
64+ 4-1 =
4-1
E(5) Number of ways in which 2 apples, 3 oranges and 4 mangoes can be distributed between
R/S/G if each child receives none, one or more number of fruits. (Fruits of the same species are
alike).
m
B\ (R454 G=2) & (A4S46=3) & (K4S4G=4)
243-1 . 343-1 . 4+ 3-1
3-1 C3. C24
s. ‘
Cp ep
E(6) A supermarket offers ice creams in 10 different varieties. Ice creams of each variety are identical.
In how many ways 4 ice creams can be selected.
() without any restriction
(ii) at least two ice creams of the same variety are taken. (Ans. (i) °C, (ii) 505] E(7) Number of natural solutions of the equation x + y + z= 102.
gs” k+V42 = 192
hoyoot
KM+y+o2= 93
943-1 [el
8 Cc = Cc
K+¥Y4+Z24+¢t4 2 =2e
Bo+S-) =
Coy
(9) A man has to buy 25 mangoes in four different verities buying at least 4 of each variety in how
many ways can he plan his purchases, if mangoes of each variety are identical and available in
abundance.
Al” Kit X%.4 X72 4Xq_ = 2S
—=— + v + +
4 4+ 4 4
Artur +U? tua = 9
S+4-1
Cant 3
i #rank of the word —im—Dietonary 2=
Ex!- If the Doble vs of worel “RAN OT" an
vittlan 1 ol ogeibHe vs
aston ged as a__Dictionary: Jan find
Nonk of word RANDom.
gol” RANDOM
_f--- = S| c7 RA KAD = 3)
D = Sl RAM — — ~ =2!
M -- =S! KAN
v = S$! Kand
oO eS! I
Ro — --- ZANDMO
4+
AANOomM ({)
\
SxS! 42:3) +141
Goo + (2+ i+] = 61F¢ mL
=>
KAN DOM
AM S++ 0-41 + 2: It so 2) + [- Uo L= (4
~ :
M
aN
_ a
Je
Ex:- x “ganoom’
in o oor.
ig-
el CAN DOM
2) =
A 8 2s] iad bee Ova
D _=8) OB- ---=4! OND --- 2
M — o.eg oM— ~--=4) OND --- 2)
N — ag Jl on™"
0 12
a ONKA__ 21
ONRD=-=- 2)
ONAM
{2
N&MAD
ONKMAOD
on 2h04) ie
_#o A sit Ala Q)+ a+ We) = oF
Sts
D
— 2:41 4+ 2) 4+ 21 + U4l= gs
a Be gi+ o> 4+
= : [1 = 22
—— 2 2l +o = 4
ONAMAD e lle 6
Ex: find rank of “ARRANGE” in Di chonay-
Qo Eom)
=
A
£ fA... SIF? AGA... 41 F7 AgaA
w . ag E---- 4! L
x A4e_---- Sl pec---- 41 ARRAE— 2)
21 ARRAG— 1
fan ---- 4)
Aaraw
AG S-{ ang
AN = == =-s1 ARRaNE__1)
ARRANGE 4
AR
4(_s! \+ 44) +221 4h +)
Sa
2940+ 396 4 4 4+ (4)
342 Ager ance
O: 6l+4 5) +4 4140 B+2. al + |
n+
a pa Bl .
Ot 2404964 0 F4 41415
=_3242
RB
Ex'- fork of “Success”
GENERAL/MISCELLANEOUS :
(a) | Maximise "C_ : The value of r for which "C.> "C_, and "C_> "C_,
n tng
r=— if n is even
=> °C,is maximum if 2 1 1
re or Bit nis odd
E(1) Find the difference between the greatest value of Cand "C..
© 7
1S 12 at
As: Cqa- Ce
= —_———_——— Ya + t
4
i
a vn E(2) There are 2n letters which are either a's or b's. Find the maximum number of amangement of
these letters.
Qaqq--- (bi --- ;
v mer
Qn] (= =) :)
¥| Gn-91 \ wen!
> a
oy
Bos
(3) A man wants to give as many number of parties as he can out of his 20 friends by calling the same
number of people but not the same group, How many should he call so that the number of parties
is maximum. [Ans. *°C,,] (b) Grid problem :
+
2 ie
HHVVH NU
UUNV HAH
gp
> T= C2
Li la ls bs (“e9)
Note If there are n vertical and m horizontal lines then there
will be (n - 1) horizontal and (m - 1) vertical paths.
DM eye +o Hal oa boint + another point
1s .sqpreh to Vos + greg, too type
Of _idamtiead objact -
Ex- No. of ways to mow foo Cis) 4&6)
Nia (4,5) GO
‘Ten
¥G (0, o )———> (45) ——__>@, 9)
dHHHvvvvy ff HAHN
—
Ca. + (C2
(c) Dearrangement :
)
fe | a [Es
[ut S [ET
Dy = 1
@M uu | de | ui| é:|
: \Z
la [E> I @ li a E. )
tz | [| Ls | E>] + €3)
Eel 41 = 14 04 4q cart een
_ + Dy
[b] Es | 24 = 14+ 4464+ D4
[a| [&] Da = 9
If n letters are to be kept in n directed envelopes, then number of ways in which they can be placed when
none of the letter goes into its own envelope is -of 14
tay +) Din)
Remember : D(2) = 1, D(3) = 2, D(4) = 9, D(5) = 44, Di6) = 265
E(2) From a given number of 6 different question each question has only one correct answer. For each
correct entry a student will be awarded 2 marks & for each wrong entry 1 mark will be deducted. —
Column-I Column-Il
Ql Al _
a2 A2 _
Qs A3
aa Aa =
Q5 AS
26 AG _
Total number of ways in which a student can secure non-negative markes.
Kol. 6K 4+ SKU + $R24 4 2.30 428-40
L+ 04 Saar + %3-1-24 Sa-1 9
= 1+ 1S + Fo + 1357
= 19! Eber If n letters are to be kept in n directed envelopes, then number of ways in which they can be placed
Bach tak -
C2 Exactty fos Qe s cou blac coecaat by -
ma) =
Co-u)- G-2)1 f bat 4p 4077 ‘7
‘Loar 3 4 @29) 3
al Exactly fin, Dotlexg gre erg bla cod
n
Cn-s +) si(1 4 41-1 )
NOP 31 ap sr )
Exe r 7
Obes
ft Expersat of prime num bow inn 1)
ii
2| = 2!
2) = 9'2'
Al
1)
NY
ay
w Ep(al) = | co |+ foo | [a n
L? Ny ETD
pet ECs} = (ys|4 Cee] + [ase] 4(ae2]4 As)
= LL 2d te J Les J Lie) Use
+e }+ x
= [soJ+ fosd 4+ fe D+le-D+e
+03
SF Ss+254+ 12+ 6+ B+ 4
E, esl) = 94
Bee, twet) = [yoo Ja Sie |a fie |e fe |
[3 J os Ca J cn J
= [2322 + fir D4 fa + 0-5
= +i +2t+
= 4e
Nots!- The mumbox st Zeno's at qn sad of 1]
= E. ™)
Ex: No Saves at omd at (de)
Ber!) = fis 5) + (ee)
