Child Development Se 1.1 GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT : CONCEPT, PRINCIPLES, FACTORS & STAGES A. CONCEPT OF GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT a et ae tan eee 1, What do you mean by growth and development? Differentiate between growth and development. Or Difference between Growth and Development. Or Write a note on the concept of Growth & Development. Ans. Generally people consider growth and development as synonyms. But from psychological point of view there is a broad difference in the meanings of these two terms. Meaning of Growth-By growth we mean physical changes. cae conony) that take place in any part of the body are known as growth. The increase height of the child, his mass, width and his weight are the results of growth. ‘The size of the child's hands and fect is increasing. He is growing in height. His weight is increasing. There are proportionate changes occurring in his physical structure. All these statements reveal the meaning of growth. LK. Frank (1944) has said : “The changes that occur in any physical aspect are known as growth. Herbert Sorenson (1948) has likened growth to increase in body and weight.” As the child grows in age his physical structure & weight increase. This growth continues till the end of. adlescenct) ura (1956) has said that changes in physical structure, dimensions axd 1 measurement take place as the child sro in simple words changes th thé physical structure, size and dimensions reset from When the child enters adolescence age, the size of his hands & legs grows) We'call it growth of the size of the child’s hands and legs. Physical growth is the mark of quantitative changes. Growth is perceivable & meagureabld, After the attainment of maturation, the height, the width, the weight etc. styp increasing. According to A.T. Jersild (1957), in the beginning, the pace of the child's growth is fast, and it grows towards maturation the pace of physical growth becomes slower, and after having attained maturity the growth stops. Hence, it is clear that the changes that occur in the physical structure, size and dimensions are called growth, (3)kine size, number! position and relay ovidence of erettith has explained the meaning of growth in this way the gy =a died Saat & development is the occurrence of changes in th b! + Second hun, 4 ‘idence isthe number. Meeting of two cells gives birth toahen™ SZ ‘rous cells. Third evidence is the changes in human bones, foy, 4 P the occurrence of changes in the position and angles of hee being of num evidence jg intestines ete, Fj fth evidence is th ive size i smal in comparison ta ce, the changes in relative size ie, head econ rs a prac) above description introduces us with the following facts pertain) ee 1. Growth results into increase in weight & size. ee fl at Growth is quantitative, ee Growth has a general pattern and itis not different in different person, “D: 5. Gqowth is the result of division in the fertilized egg. oe “G, Growth is not continuous, roa Growth does not have the uniform pace. It experiences changes, f° Grown, Occurs till some specific periad, after that it stops. Cred Towth occurs internally. ce _ Women have faster growth rate than men. 11. Growth occurs due to interaction of heredity, and environment. 12, prow is faster during infancy period but slows down later on, - Physical and mental growth have deep relationship. When height increases, weight decreases a ’ Bi a Health food affect the mental growt——7 Ss Itis easier to see physical growth than the mental growth. eani Development The children perform the functions better & more easily 4 S or when they were younger than are developed in, | Si# imple words, development implies progress. It implies | PS! mething so that it becomes more advanced, stronger ete, nt takes the child towards qualitatively greater progress than than their counterpart: 8reater measure. !In si gradual growth of so Thus developme: growth does. The child develops new capabilities’as a result of development, Some Development does not imply growth of a particular part of the body or a change in one particular aspect of behaviour, but it implies the over all changes that an omg about inthe child The changes caused by the process of developmentare FAM! qualitative in nature and cannot be measured, they can, however, be assessed through keen observation or experience. el of cha! The process of development, unlike the process of growth, does not stop on one attaining maturation. It continues throughout life. The process of development is a progressive and unceasing process. Development takes place in an orderly chang: manner. It has certain stages througn which all the children pass. The childs experi physical, intellectual, social, emotional, moral, sexual, lingual development etc Differ belong to the developmental process, In this way the development has a wider implication than growth. Growth is a part of development, This means that aan aChildhood and Growing Up | 5 development is the overall, changes that como about in the child. According to Jersild, Telford and Sawrey, “Development refers to the complex set of processes involved in the emergence of a mature functioning organism from a fertilized ovum oe According to Hurlock, “Development is not limited to growing layer. Instead it consists of a progressive series of changes towards the goal of maturity,” According to Hurlock, now charactoristies and new abilities appear in a person as a result of development, _; Like growth, development has its own nature. Development has its definite pattern, It occurs always from general to specific. In fact, the term ‘Development is used for all types of chan ges which makes a person’s working- efficiency, working skill and his behaviour ete. progressive. Hence, the meaning of development is more comprehensive than the growth. Development includes growth. Itindicates qualitative changes. Hence development represents various changes occurring in the total personality of a person. Generally, the processes of growth and development occur side by side. In nutshell, the following facts explain the nature of the ‘development’— (i) Development has a definite pattern, (ii) "Development occurs from general to specific. _~ ii) Development does not stop, itis continuous. 7 = (iv) Developent represents all types of changes. a (v) Development has more comprehensive meantig. > (vi) The processes of growth & development go side by side,_—— (vii) Development is the symbol of qualitative changes. BY, M Quantitative Qualitative Size, Number, Kind, Physical, Mental, Social, Position, Weight et Emotional Changes : ae Development, \—-“‘ Fig : Meaning of Growth & Development Some More Definitions of Development Webster's Dictionary-"Development is the series of ich an organism undergoes in passing from an embryonic state to matusity? Libert, Poulos and Marmor (1979)-"Development refers fo a process of change in growth and enanitteretmatin eretatcne interaction with the environmen)” E.B. Hurlock (1959)-"Development means a progressive series of changes that occur in orderly predictable pattern as a result of maturation and experience.” - Difference Between Growth & Development a a Te ps a ; The process of growth and development begins from conception and goes together till a certain period of time. Growth stops in adulthood whereas the jaturation and(Paper-f (K.U.K) Process of development continues throughout life. The difference between and development can be explained in the following manner- eae, 1. Difference in Meaning : Growth means physical changes. Due », these physical changes, behavioural changes start occurring. But the ters ‘development ’'is used regarding the qualitative progress of various body orga, in different directions. 2. Continuity of Growth & Development : Growth does not occy, Continuously. It is not a life-long process. After some specific age limit it stops op slows down. Such a stage is termed as adulthood. On the other side con €xists in the process of development. Development goes on from birth till deat, Hence the process of development never ceases, Qualitative changes occur throughout life in human beings. 3. Relationship Between growth & Development : The terms growth and development are understood as synonyms of each other. With - the increase in body, its work efficiency also But, sgmetimes, the Process of development also occurs without growih. Physically En are under-developed-or the growth side remains weaker, but in other of development, persons are strong e! such as intellectual aspect, social aspect or emotional S ier words, the development Hence, when th become active. Broadér of Narrow Terms : Growth term is considered to be narrow while development is a broader term. Development term includes growth ie. development includes growth aspect. Among various components of development growth is one of them. aia 5. Quantitative and Qualitative : Growth is linked with titative changes which development is concerned with cualtative chang) _ 6. Measurement of Growth and Development : Gro’ fers of the size, weight height etc. Such changes can be measured. Then pee be seen visually. But, on the other hand, the measurement of changes ing in the Process of development is not only difficult, but is impossible. No method could have been developed for the measurement of such changes. Changes related to development can only be felt. 7. Changes in Particular Aspect : Growth may be referred to describe changes which take place in particular aspects of the body and behaviour of an organism. Development describes the changes in the organism as a whole and does not list the changes in parts. m — Difference Between Growth and Development [ Difference in Meaning] [ Quantitative & Qualitative] 2 | {Continuity of Growth | [Measurement of Growth and 6 & Development Deverlopment Changes in| LS a dy = 3 Relationship Between [Particular Aspect] <1 7 Growth and Development . Broader & Narrow Terms Fig : Difference Between Growth & Development ooo FF = An PRREGEERES £EEESTPIFELERR BAER |