LICEO ITALIANO

GUAYAQUIL THOMAS ALVA EDISON

DAVID BRANDON BAYAS 4TO SOCIALES

BIOGRAPHY
His relatives emigrated from msterdam in the decade of 1831 and were established in the river Passaic, in New Jersey. John Edison, the grandfather of the inventor, entered to the decree of the Britishers during the War of Independence and, at the end of the same one, had to shelter in Nova Scotia. After a time it moved to Canada to reside in Bangham, in the zone of the lake Erie. When the Canadian revolt exploded in the year of 1837, Samuel Edison (father of the inventor) joined the insurgents. Once again the family met obliged to flee to the United States. In 1840 Samuel Edison established a small timber-yard in Milan, Ohio. Before the family was established in Milan, Nancy, a Canadian of Scotch ancestry, had had four children. Later it had three more, but three of the first ones died in the decade of 1840 and the survivors were fourteen, sixteen and eighteen years old when, on February 11, 1847, the wife of Samuel Edison gave birth his seventh son. They called it Thomas by a forefather of the family, and Alva in honor of the captain Alva Bradle. In 1855 to eight years and way Edison enters to the school. After three months of being representing, it returned to his house crying, informing that the teacher had qualified of " sterile and unproductive " pupil. It is impossible to establish if Nancy Edison took very seriously the opinion of the teacher or if he thought that she was better than the teacher of his son. The case is that Edison remembered during the rest of his life the result of the happy incident: In 1859 it started selling diaries in the morning train that was going of Port Huron to Detroit, as well as vegetables, butter and defaults. In Detroit the train towards a stop of six hours, which he was useful spending it in the lounge of reading of the Young women's Association (later Free Library of Detroit). There, it began for reading the first book that one was finding in the low shelf and was continuing for order with the others up to ending with the whole row. Edison not only was not remaining satisfied to read, but it began to prove different experiments being based what he was reading in the books of Science. An empty coach was using as laboratory, and then to put there a hand prensita that was obtained when a friend of the Detroit Free Press gave him some types. The result was immediate: the Grand Trunk Herald, weekly of which Edison was throwing four hundred copies.

The beginning of his career

After saving of dying to a child in the routes of the train in Port Huron, the grateful father of the creature J. U. Mackenzie (telegrapher of the station) taught telegraphy to him. At the age of sixteen it obtained his first position as telegrapher in Port Huron when J. U. Mackenzie leaves the position him when this one joins the Telegraphers' Military Body. At the end of 1863, Edison with the support of J. U. Mackenzie requested employment as railroad telegrapher of the Grand Truck, in Stratford's Junction to hundred sixty kilometres of the border with Canada. It did not last very much in this employment because it did not transmit the signs to stop a train of load that, as consequence, was on the verge of having a collision abreast. He fled to Sarnia, in the Canadian border and took the barge towards Port Huron. At the beginning of 1864, Edison found employment in Lake Shore's southern railroad and Michigan, in Bunion, hundred kilometres to the south of Detroit; where it was dismissed for disobeying orders. It got about itself by him to complete an important message, and did it without noticing of the protests of the man who was transmitting to another side of the line, which was the superintendent, detail that Edison was not knowing. In February, 1865, Edison moved to Cincinnati, where once again, it obtained employment in the Western Union, where for his skill they it classified from operator of second to operator of the first class.

THE FIRST PATENT

Edison designed a very simple instrument for the mechanical count of votes in 1868. It was possible to place in the table of every representative; it had two buttons, one for the vote in pro and other one for the vote in against. To proceed with the patent, Edison contracted the attorney Carroll D. Wright. The instrument removed before a committee of the Congress of Washington. There the verdict was sudden but honest: " Young woman, if there is in the land some invention that we do not want here, is exactly his. One of our principal interests is to avoid frauds in the votings, and his device would not do another thing that them to favor ".

The magician of Menlo park

In 1869, in New York, it obtained an employment of very profitable conditions after settling a serious breakdown in a telegraphic indicator that was indicating the prices of the gold in the Stock exchange. Western Union was employed at the telegraphic company, though little later it becomes free and in 1877 it carries out one of his more important inventions, the phonograph. Though there assumes to him the invention of the incandescent lamp actually only it was perfected by him, who, after many attempts it obtained a filament that was reaching the incandescence without fusing. This filament was not of metal, but of bamboo carbonatado. This way, on October 21, 1879, it achieved that his first bulb was shining for 48 followed hours. In 1880 it associates with J.P. Morgan to found the General Electric. In the scientific area, it discovered the effect Edison, patented in 1883, which was consisting of the step of electricity from a filament to a metallic plate inside a globe of incandescent lamp. Though neither he nor the scientists of his epoch gave to him importance, it established the foundations of the valve of the radio and of the electronics (the effect called Edison). Edison's contributions to the world of the cinema also were very important. In the year 1889 it commercializes the movie in celluloid of format 35mm, though it could not patent it because a time before George Eastman already had done it; though yes it could patent the lateral perforations that this type of movie has. In 1894 Edison's quinetoscopios come for the first time to Europe; more concretely to France. Two years later, in 1896, the vitascopio presents in New York with the pretension to replace the quinetoscopios and to approach the cinematograph invented by the brothers Lumire. Finally, in 1897, Edison will begin so called " war of patents " with the brothers Lumire with regard to the invention of the first machine of cinema.

He dies on October 18, 1931, in West Orange, New Jersey. As posthumous honoring, there were extinguished the lights of several cities during a minute. In The United States it is considered him one of the most important inventors of the 20th century, with more than thousand patents, which meant a transformation in the activity to invent, from a simple entertainment to the creation of a company.

Thomas Alva Edison is simultaneously a scientist and an inventor. Born in 1847, Edison we would see enormous changes that take place in his life. He went to be also persons in charge for many of these changes take place. When Edison was born, the company passenger continues considering of the electricity as an innovation, a mode. In the moment of his death, entire cities they were illuminated by the electricity. Good part of the merit in order that the progress goes to Edison. In his life, Edison patented 1093 inventions, it gains him the nickname of " The Magician of Menlo Park ". The most famous of his inventions is an incandescent bulb. Besides the electrical bulb, Edison developed the phonograph and the "kinetoscope", a small box to see movies in movement. Likewise, to improve the original design of the brand of stock, the telegraph, and Alexander Graham Bell the telephone. He believed in the hard work, sometimes working twenty hours a day. Edison was mentioned saying, " The genius is an one per cent inspiration and 99 per cent of perspiration ". In honoring to important this one of America, electrical light in the United States they were attenuated time of a minute, October 21, 1931, a few days after his death.