Binomial Nomenclature: The Microscopes: Types and Active Transport: Movement
scientific naming system using their uses in observing cell of substances against the Carbohydrates, Proteins,
genus and species. structures. concentration gradient Types of Variation: Genetic
and Fats: Their structures
MIND
Classification System: Kingdoms, Cell Structure: Differences using energy. and environmental.
and functions.
phyla, classes, orders, families, between plant and animal Diffusion: Movement of Natural Selection:
Enzymes: Their roles as
genera, and species. cells (e.g., cell wall, particles from high to low Mechanism and examples.
biological catalysts and
MAP
Characteristics of Living chloroplasts, vacuoles). concentration. Evolution: Evidence and
factors affecting enzyme
Organisms: Nutrition, respiration, Specialized Cells: Examples Osmosis: Movement of water theories.
activity..
excretion, response, movement, and functions (e.g., red across a semi-permeable
reproduction, and growth. blood cells, nerve cells). membrane.
CHARACTERISTICS CELLS MOVEMENT IN AND BIOLOGICAL
OUT OF CELLS VARIATION AND
Mineral Nutrition: Importance of MOLECULES
EVOLUTION
nitrates, phosphates, and
potassium Leaf Structure:
Adaptations for photosynthesis. Circulatory System: Structure and function of
Photosynthesis: The process and the heart, blood vessels, and blood.
TRANSPORT
its equation. NUTRITION Lymphatic System: Role in immunity and fluid
IN ANIMALS balance.
IN PLANTS
Human Digestive System: Structure and functions of
Pathogens: Types and examples.
organs. DISEASES AND
NUTRITION
Balanced Diet: Components and their importance.
Digestive Enzymes: Their roles and the organs that
IN ANIMALS BIOLOGY IMMUNITY
Body Defenses: Physical barriers and the immune
response.
Vaccination: How it works and its importance.
produce them.
Xylem and Phloem: Functions in transport TRANSPORT RESPIRATION
of water, minerals, and nutrients. IN PLANTS
Transpiration: Process and factors Aerobic and Anaerobic
affecting it. Respiration: Equations and
energy release.
Human Respiratory System:
COORDINATION Structure and functions.
INHERITANCE EXCRETION
IN HUMANS
AND RESPONSE REPRODUCTION
Genes and Chromosomes: Kidneys: Structure and Nervous System: Structure
Asexual and Sexual Reproduction:
Structure and function. function in filtering blood. and function of neurons.
Differences and examples.
Mendelian Genetics: Excretory Products: Urea, Hormones: Endocrine system
Human Reproductive System:
Dominant and recessive carbon dioxide, and salts. and roles of hormones.
Structure and function.
traits. Homeostasis: Maintaining a
Plant Reproduction: Pollination,
Genetic Diagrams: Punnett stable internal environment.
fertilization, seed formation, and
squares and predicting
dispersal.
outcomes.
17. Biotechnology and Genetic
16. Organisms and Their Environment
Engineering
Ecosystems: Structure and
Biotechnology: Uses in medicine,
components.
agriculture, and industry.
Food Chains and Food Webs: Energy
Genetic Engineering: Techniques
flow and trophic levels.
and applications.
Human Impact: Pollution,
deforestation, and conservation.
BIOLOGY
18. Practical Skills
Experimental Design: Variables,
controls, and data collection.
Lab Techniques: Microscopy,
dissection, and biochemical tests.
