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StringBuilder Class in Java with Examples
Last Updated : 14 Mar, 2023
StringBuilder in Java represents a mutable sequence of characters. Since the String
Class in Java creates an immutable sequence of characters, the StringBuilder class
provides an alternative to String Class, as it creates a mutable sequence of
characters. The function of StringBuilder is very much similar to the StringBuffer
class, as both of them provide an alternative to String Class by making a mutable
sequence of characters. However, the StringBuilder class differs from the
StringBuffer class on the basis of synchronization. The StringBuilder class
provides no guarantee of synchronization whereas the StringBuffer class does.
Therefore this class is designed for use as a drop-in replacement for StringBuffer
in places where the StringBuffer was being used by a single thread (as is generally
the case). Where possible, it is recommended that this class be used in preference
to StringBuffer as it will be faster under most implementations. Instances of
StringBuilder are not safe for use by multiple threads. If such synchronization is
required then it is recommended that StringBuffer be used. String Builder is not
thread-safe and high in performance compared to String buffer.

The class hierarchy is as follows:

java.lang.Object
↳ java.lang
↳ Class StringBuilder
Syntax:

public final class StringBuilder

extends Object
implements Serializable, CharSequence
Constructors in Java StringBuilder Class
StringBuilder(): Constructs a string builder with no characters in it and an
initial capacity of 16 characters.
StringBuilder(int capacity): Constructs a string builder with no characters in it
and an initial capacity specified by the capacity argument.
StringBuilder(CharSequence seq): Constructs a string builder that contains the same
characters as the specified CharSequence.
StringBuilder(String str): Constructs a string builder initialized to the contents
of the specified string.
Below is a sample program to illustrate StringBuilder in Java.

// Java Code to illustrate StringBuilder

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
public class GFG1 {
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception
{
// Create a StringBuilder object
// using StringBuilder() constructor
StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder();

str.append("GFG");

// print string
System.out.println("String = " + str.toString());

// create a StringBuilder object

// using StringBuilder(CharSequence) constructor
StringBuilder str1
= new StringBuilder("AAAABBBCCCC");

// print string
System.out.println("String1 = " + str1.toString());

// create a StringBuilder object

// using StringBuilder(capacity) constructor
StringBuilder str2 = new StringBuilder(10);

// print string
System.out.println("String2 capacity = "
+ str2.capacity());

// create a StringBuilder object

// using StringBuilder(String) constructor
StringBuilder str3
= new StringBuilder(str1.toString());

// print string
System.out.println("String3 = " + str3.toString());
}
}
Output
String = GFG
String1 = AAAABBBCCCC
String2 capacity = 10
String3 = AAAABBBCCCC
Methods in Java StringBuilder
StringBuilder append(X x): This method appends the string representation of the X
type argument to the sequence.
StringBuilder appendCodePoint(int codePoint): This method appends the string
representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence.
int capacity(): This method returns the current capacity.
char charAt(int index): This method returns the char value in this sequence at the
specified index.
IntStream chars(): This method returns a stream of int zero-extending the char
values from this sequence.
int codePointAt(int index): This method returns the character (Unicode code point)
at the specified index.
int codePointBefore(int index): This method returns the character (Unicode code
point) before the specified index.
int codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex): This method returns the number of
Unicode code points in the specified text range of this sequence.
IntStream codePoints(): This method returns a stream of code point values from this
sequence.
StringBuilder delete(int start, int end): This method removes the characters in a
substring of this sequence.
StringBuilder deleteCharAt(int index): This method removes the char at the
specified position in this sequence.
void ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity): This method ensures that the capacity is
at least equal to the specified minimum.
void getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin): This method
characters are copied from this sequence into the destination character array dst.
int indexOf(): This method returns the index within this string of the first
occurrence of the specified substring.
StringBuilder insert(int offset, boolean b): This method inserts the string
representation of the boolean alternate argument into this sequence.
StringBuilder insert(): This method inserts the string representation of the char
argument into this sequence.
int lastIndexOf(): This method returns the index within this string of the last
occurrence of the specified substring.
int length(): This method returns the length (character count).
int offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset): This method returns the
index within this sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset
code points.
StringBuilder replace(int start, int end, String str): This method replaces the
characters in a substring of this sequence with characters in the specified String.
StringBuilder reverse(): This method causes this character sequence to be replaced
by the reverse of the sequence.
void setCharAt(int index, char ch): In this method, the character at the specified
index is set to ch.
void setLength(int newLength): This method sets the length of the character
sequence.
CharSequence subSequence(int start, int end): This method returns a new character
sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
String substring(): This method returns a new String that contains a subsequence of
characters currently contained in this character sequence.
String toString(): This method returns a string representing the data in this
sequence.
void trimToSize(): This method attempts to reduce storage used for the character
sequence.
Example:

// Java code to illustrate

// methods of StringBuilder

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;

public class GFG1 {

public static void main(String[] argv)
throws Exception
{

// create a StringBuilder object

// with a String pass as parameter
StringBuilder str
= new StringBuilder("AAAABBBCCCC");

// print string
System.out.println("String = "
+ str.toString());
 // reverse the string
StringBuilder reverseStr = str.reverse();

// print string
System.out.println("Reverse String = "
+ reverseStr.toString());

// Append ', '(44) to the String

str.appendCodePoint(44);

// Print the modified String

System.out.println("Modified StringBuilder = "
+ str);

// get capacity
int capacity = str.capacity();

// print the result

System.out.println("StringBuilder = " + str);
System.out.println("Capacity of StringBuilder = "
+ capacity);
}
}
Output
String = AAAABBBCCCC
Reverse String = CCCCBBBAAAA
Modified StringBuilder = CCCCBBBAAAA,
StringBuilder = CCCCBBBAAAA,
Capacity of StringBuilder = 27
StringBuilder is another class in Java that is used to manipulate strings. Like
StringBuffer, it is a mutable class that allows you to modify the contents of the
string it represents. However, StringBuilder is not thread-safe, so it should not
be used in a multi-threaded environment.

Here are some examples of how to use StringBuilder in Java:

public class StringBuilderExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("Hello");
sb.append(" ");
sb.append("world!");
System.out.println(sb.toString()); // Output: "Hello world!"

sb.insert(6, "beautiful ");

System.out.println(sb.toString()); // Output: "Hello beautiful world!"

sb.reverse();
System.out.println(sb.toString()); // Output: "!dlrow lufituaeb olleH"
}
}
Output
Hello world!
Hello beautiful world!
!dlrow lufituaeb olleH

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