SOLUTIONS 1, MOTION AND FORCE IN A MAGNETIC FIELD « (b) Along =z axis Explanation: An electron is moving along positive x-axis and uniform electric field exists towards the negative y-axis, EC/)=Bxiv pxkst j= (Ck xi Which is only possible when magnetic field is on negative z-axis. (b) 0.090hm 10A 0810 >> TA oo = oA Ss 9xS=1x081 @s Explanation: Magnitude of magnetic moment is given by, ev a. The amperian loop, labelled 2, is a circle concentric with the cross- section. For this loop, L=2nr Using Ampere circuital law, we can write, B(2nr) = pol, I Bas, B ot (r>a), (B) Consider the case < a. The amperian loop is a circle labelled 1. For this loop, taking the radius of the circle to be r,L=2nr Now the current enclosed I, is not 1, but is less than this value. Since the current distribution is mr?) |r? a?) ~ “a? Ir? uniform, the current enclosed is, Using Ampere's law, B(2ar) _ (ul B= (2) Ber 12. Velocity constant Fc: centripetal force (provided by magnetic force, fi) W =FScos0 = Fox Sx cos 90° =0. 13, The trajectory of electron in a circle in x — y plane as shown here y my14, Let the maximum velocity of the @-particle becomes equal to v, as itis accelerated in the electric field. 1 7X Mav? = 2X 1.6 x 10-1 x 10 x 108 106 ms~* The necessary centripetal force for the circular motion of the @-particle will be provided by the Lorentz magnetic force. Hence: 2 me op ri 3 rem ra _ 64x 10°77 x 108 ~ 2% 1.6 x 10-1? x 2 x 10 The radius of the path of the @-particle is 10 m. =10m 15. (A) We know that, and kinetic energy of deuteron is given as 1 2 > zmavi = qv and kinetic energy of «particle is given as a > 5mavy ymavs GV Henee, (K.E)y (K.E)a: (K.E)q:q V:q V:2qV ‘Therefore, [Link] (B) We know that, F=qvB16. mv? Or F = where, q = charge, v = velocity B= magnetic field, m = mass So, of comparing both forces, we get po am wa = 7 _mv ie r | _mv or = Such that, given; r=Som, mv _ /2m(KE) So, 5=—— qB qB If the mass of a proton is m then the mass of deuteron is 2 m and the mass of alpha particle is 4m Hence, The force acting on a charged particle in a magnetic field is given by: F=q(WVxB) where, charge of the particle velocity of particle and = magnetic field in that region wes Let velocity has a component along with B, this component remains unchanged as the motion along the magnetic field will not be affected by the magnetic field. The motion in a plane perpendicular to B is circular one, thereby producing a helical motion. Thus, the described path will be helical as shown in the figure.v Sin 30° Velocity of particle —> voos 30° Velocity of pa 30° (Magnetic field in the region) 17. Radius of charged particle r Since, K.E. and B are equal. For proton, 1, On comparing equation (i) and (ii), Te _ YMadp %» MpIa Since, me = 4my and qa = 2qy et % 1 ‘That is, the radius of alpha particle is same as that of the radius of proton, 18, Here, proton is accelerated through potential difference V, the direction of magnetic field is normal to velocity of proton, As we know,When V is doubled, As we know Where, "2" is centripetal force, Henee, the radius will increase by V2 times. 19, Frequency of revolution of a particle, _ #4 = Fam 1 Toe Since, mass of electron is less than that of proton, Therefore, its frequency of revolution will be higher than that of proton, 20.(A) F= qv Bsin@ or asx(1) If the angle between vector v and vector B is 90°, the path will be circular. (2) [fangle is other than 90° i.e., (0 < @ < 90) the path of charge will be helical. (B) Ifa charge particle is moving in a circular path of radius r, then 21. A beam of charged particles move undeflected in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic field when the net force acting on it is zero i.e., Fm = Fe qVBsin @ = qE VBsin @ = E If crossed and the particle moves perpendicular to the both the fields, then @ = 90° The particles moving with a speed V or V = Esin 6 moves undeflected and it can be obtained on the screen without any deflections. This principle, is used for velocity selector. The particles moving with this velocity can be easily determined 22. (A) Let B = By(-R) V¥=v(-2) Electromagnetic force Fm = qVxB = qvB(-f) my Now we ean conclude that point charge move on circular motion of radius r =" and motion of charge in X — Y plane.(B) If point charge has velocity component parallel to B then. In this case path followed by charge particle is helical path, (C) If electric field is also applied such that the particle continuous moving along straight line the electromagnetic force should be balanced by electrostatics force F, Fm = qVB(-f) Ifnet force on q is zero, Fe = qv i ge =qvel) z 23. If component vy of the velocity vector is along the magnetic field, and remain constant, the charged particle will follow a helical trajectory, as shown in figure. If the velocity component vy is perpendicular to the magnetic field B, the magnetic force acts like a centripetal force qvyB. y vy wv x 49 ¥ oF 2 SoSince tangent velocity, ‘Time taken for one revolution, 24, Magnetic Force on straight wire F =Bilsin 9 = Bilsin 90° = Bil For equilibrium of wire in mid - air F=mg Bil = mg mg _ 200x 10-? x98 il 2x15 0.65 T 25. The Lorentz magnetic force is given by the following relation: F=q(xB) Here q is the magnitude of the moving charge. The direction of the magnetic force is perpendicular to the plane containing the velocity vector v and the magnetic field vector B. 26. We know, when a charged particle q moves through a region with both an electric and a magnetic field, it experiences a force given by, F=qE + q(x B)Under the case in which electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, The electric force and magnetic forces are exactly opposite to each other. qe =qvB So the required condition for no deflection is LE aa] 27. One tesla is the magnetic field in which a charge of 1C moving with a velocity of 1 ms~* normal to the magnetic field, experiences a force of 1 N. F qusind IfF = 1N,q = 1C,v=1 ms", = 90° then Sl unit of B: 1N IC- 1 ms“tsin 90° 1NA* m~ = 1 tesla, 2, MAGNETIC FIELD DUE TO A CURRENT ELEMENT 28. (b) 1 Explanation: Consider two ampere loops of radius : and 2a. Applying ampere's circuital law for these loops, we get $ BedL = Holenciowe For the smaller loop. = Bx ang ho x25 x (5) 3 wl x= et = B= a BY x 2rr(2a) = piol 29. (0) 4:3Explanation: Given wire has radius a and current I Magnetic field due to a long current carrying conducting wire can be written as. ol 2nd where d is the distance from the wire. At distance $ above the surface Mol B 3a an(F) = fol 3na At distance $ below the surface Current enclosed = x 2 1 4 ie, 30.(c) m4 Explanation: 1 = length of wire Square [Ja circle a2 Area ofa Square =a? Area ofa Circle = mr? Also here | = 4a Also here, 2a = 1 it aon Be Ly Area = 75 Now Area =m (5-) B e Ay Te A, a Now magnetic moment = 1A &M, =/Ay,and Mz = 1 A, Since I (current) is same in both ~My _ Ay " Mz Az Pp Mi _ 76 ME an M, 2 4x tio, ™, 16™P Mot M, 4 My:My = 1:4 31. (a) 2V2, Explanation: Magnetic field at the centre is given by, Hal p, = ot 1 2R Magnetic field at the axis is given by, R Hol B,= Hot 2° 2x 2N2R Taking the ratio of B, and BBy Hol 2x 2V2R — tol 2 x 2V2R _ 2v2 ~ 2R Hol 1 ‘The ratio is 2V2:1 32. We can say that Byoe = Bp + Bg, as shown in the figure, This leads to where both forces are vector quantit Q Bret A, [epee Bos: = | BP + B Since, B = 4° =H IIR +B = 2e x 105 T ‘The direction is, Hence Bye 33. Number of turns of coil, N = 2000 Area of cross-section of solenoid, A= 1.6 x 10"' m? Current passing through the coil, I= 4A Magnetic moment, M = NIA2000 x 4 x 1.6 x 10-4 1.28Am? ‘The direction of M is along the axis of the solenoid in the direction in the related to the sense of current via the right-handed serew rule. 34, Let the conductors PQ and RS carry currents [, and / in same direction and placed at separation r. Consider a current-element ' ab ' of length AL of wire RS. The magnetic field produce by current carrying conductor PQ at the location of other wire RS. So, B, = According to maxwell’s right hand rule or right hand palm rule number 1 , the direction of By will be perpendicular to the plane of paper and direct downward. Due to this magnetic field, each element of other wire experiences a force. The direction of current element is perpendicular to the magnetic field; therefore the magnetic force on element ab of length AL, AF = BylpAL > = Hal singo° = 524 1,AL «+ Force acting per unit length of conductor,According to Fleming's left hand rule, the direction of magnetic force will be towards PQ i.e, the force will be attractive. The force between two parallel current carrying conductors is: Holle My, nr =. -2 = 5h = 2% 10 N/m The 1 ampere is the value of that steady current which, when maintained in each of the two very long, straight, parallel conductors of negligible cross-section and placed one metre apart in vacuum, would exert on each of these conductors a force equal to 2 x 10-7 newtons per metre of length 35. (A) The magnetic field at point P due to current I in wire A is: By = Hee acting towards north 1 = £2. acting towards no Magnetic field at P due to current | in wire B is: _Ho 21 Be ae (@-x) , acting towards south = Total magnetic field at P is: Ho 2 Mo _ 2l o2l (: a ) an \x (d—x) ol td — x — x aera cers) Ho = an“ Lx(d—x). (B) B due to current through a straight wire at non-zero distance 'r "is: sol 2nrr 36, We have a ring of radius R carrying current I as shown in the following figure ‘We will take an clement on ring of length > di,#, is the position vector of point P from the element di. In the front view, we can see that horizontal component will cancel each other. Only vertical will add up and will give net magnetic field. Using Biot-savart law: ‘Magnetic field at point P duc to element di w(t Vertical component = (dB)sin a Net magnetic field = Byer = f (dB)sin a — HoR’ 7: = > Along axis VR Since, |]= HoR® ~\2R? + x2 pe Magnetic field at a point on its axis at a distance x from its centre. d 37. Magnetic field at point P Force experienced by proton F=qvB fo 2 Pe War Foxe X A XO XI2 x 02 F = 25.6 x 107° N Force will be repulsive i.e., Force on proton will be away from the wire AB in the plane of paper. 38, (A) Biot-Savarts law states that the magnetic field at point P is proportional to the length of the element dl, the current flowing through it I and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r. The direction of the field is perpendicular to the plane containing both dl and r.The Biot Savart's Law we know is given by: 58 #, where @ is the angle between the line element dl and the radial unit vector # Now we know: 5 using this and the eross product of two veetors we get; Ho @ixr) ag = bolls nr (B) Radius = R p=1a 1, =V3A For coils in xy and yz planes being mutually perpendicular 39, Magnetic field due to coil 1 at point 05 HiR? B, 3 along OC, * 2? +27 ‘Magnetic field due to coil 2 at point O eS HoiR™ Be = ary aie Hons C0 Both B, and B, are mutually perpendicular, so magnetic field at 0 is B= |B? + B2 = /2B,( as B, = By) Moi R? Voge + x2)3/2 AsR< tan@=1(+ B, =B,) © > o=7 :. B directed at an angle F with the direction of magnetic field By. 40. Biot-Savart’s law states that the magnitude of magnetic field dB due to current element is directly proportional to the current J, the element length | dl | and inversely proportional to the square of the distance r of the field point. Its direction is perpendicular to the plane containing dl and rAccording to Biot-Savart’s law, or _ Mo lddl x? “an _ Hy Idisin 6 xR R xR Total magnetic field at P, Hol R? 202 +R Hol R? 2c? + RAAL dB has two components dB, and dB, « dB, cancel out and only, dB, component remains. 2 dBy = dBsin9 A magnetic needle placed at the center or axis of a circular coil shows deflection. This implies that a circular coil behaves as a magnet. Consider a circular coil with radius R and centre O, Assume [is the current flowing through the circular loop, and P is any point on the axis r away from the centre 0. Let the circular coil be composed of a huge number of small current elements, each with a length of dl According to Biot-Savart's law, the magnetic field at Point P will be dl x r| ap =H! = | where, re =x? +R? Jal x r| = ra [+ Both are perpendicular] Here, r is the position vector of point 0 from the current element. B has two components ie., dB, and dB,. dB, is cancelled out and only the x-component remains R But, f dl =2nR Ho |RX 20R Am(x? + R2)3/72 So, B=For n turns in the circular loop, Hon |R? 22 +R! 42, Similarities: Both electrostatic field and magnetic field (1) Follows the principle of superposition (2) Depends inversely on the square of distance from source to the point of interest. Differences: (1) Electrostatic field is produced by a scalar source (q ) and the magnetic field is produced by a vector source (Idl). (2) Electrostatic field is along the displacement vector between source and point of interest while magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane, containing the displacement vector and vector source. (3) Electrostatic field is angle independent while magnetic field is angle dependent between source vector and displacement vector. Let us consider a circular loop of Radius r with center C,P be a Point at distance x from C ‘Now considering small section LP 1 dl and MP 1 dl LP =MP = yx? +7? .. Using Biot-Savart law My F dsin 90° 4m (7? + x?) w dBcos 6 components balance each other anda=f dBsin@ =[ tof Idl OS alr? + x?) sin ‘Therefore Hot s-Roan| _ Ho Mol = gn dn? + x2 x 2ar ge Mo Mol SS br Aner? + x23 —__ bolt = ag? +E And magnetic field at center of the loop is, ge-—_ tol Bn? +P Putting x=0 ; eater 43.Consider any arbitrary closed path perpendicular to the plane of paper around a long straight conductor XY carrying current from X to Y, lying in the plane of paper. Let, the closed path be made of large number of small elements, where AB = dl), BC = dlp, CD = dl, Let d0,, 4,485, be the angles subtended by the various elements at point O through which conductor is passing, ‘Then dO, + dO, + dO, + an Suppose these small elements AB, BC, CD, are small circular ares of radii, 7, respectively. Then, _ dy dl, dO, = a dB, ae dl; i If B,, Bo, By are the magnetic field induction at a point along the small elements dy, d,d3 then from Biot-Savan’s law we know that for the conduetor of infinite length, magnetic field is given by In case of each element, the magnetic field induction B and current element vector dl are in the same direction. Line integral of B around closed path is $ Bad = By «dl; + By - dl, + By dif) +... = By (dl) + By(dlz) + Ba(dly) + Mo 2l | Ho 2» | bo 2l ant, dhe + ae Tt dls + 4n lr mT = HE (dO, + d0, + a0, + be = Gy21 x 2m = ol= f B+ dl = pol, which is an expression of Ampere's circuital law. 44, Since it is assumed that current flows clockwise for an observer on the left side of the solenoid. It ‘means that the left face of the solenoid acts as the south pole while the right face acts as the north pole, As a result, the magnetic field lines in the solenoid are directed from left to right. ‘m! = IA is the magnetic moment of a single current-carrying loop. AS a result, the magnetic moment of the entire solenoid is given by m = Nm! — N(IA). 45. Consider a symmetrical long solenoid having number of turns per unit length equal to n. Let I be the current flowing in the solenoid, then by right hand rule, the magnetic field is parallel to the axis of the solenoid.Consider a closed path abed. Now, using Ampere's cireuital law to this path, we have § B-di=pxo Therefore, B = 0. This implies, magnetic field outside the solenoid is 0. Field inside the solenoid: Consider a closed path pqrs. The line integral of magnetic field is given by, For path pq, B and dé are along the same direction, + SqB-di = J,,B- di = J Bdicos 90° = 0 For path rs, B = 0 because outside the solenoid field is zero. 2 f,,B-di=0 Using these equations, equation (i) givens,46. 47. Now, using Ampere's law, This implies, BL =yo(n 11) 2 B = pignl A galvanometer is an instrument used to detect the presence and direction of small electric currents. It can be converted into an ammeter by adding a shunt resistor in parallel with it. The reason for adding a shunt resistor is to divert most of the current away from the galvanometer so that only a small fraction of the current flows through it. This allows the galvanometer to measure larger currents without getting damaged due to excessive current. The shunt resistor is selected such that it has a very low resistance compared to the galvanometer coil resistance. This way, most of the current flows through the shunt resistor while only a small fraction flows through the galvanometer. The current through the galvanometer can be calculated using Ohm's law by measuring the voltage drop across the shunt resistor and the resistance of the shunt resistor. Thus, by adding a shunt resistor in parallel with the galvanometer, we can convert it into an ammeter that can measure larger currents without getting damaged. According to Biot-Savart’s law, the magnetic field due to a current element vector (dl) carrying current I at a point P with position vector r is given by Ho ae ab = I N v3. OTHER MAGNETIC EFFECTS 48. (d) 6 A in the clockwise direction. Explanation: Given that: R 2 R38 and 1, =9A Magnetic field at center of cireular coil According to the question in opposite direction of ly So, in clockwise direction. 49. (d) 0.96Nm Explanation: Magnitude of the magnetic torque experienced by the coil in the magnetic field is given by the relation.nBIAsin® Where, A = 10 x 10 = 100 cm = 0.01 m So, 1 = 20 x 0.8 x 12 x 0.01 x sin 30° 0.96Nm 50. (c) high resistance in series Explanation: The resistance of a voltmeter is very high, but the resistance of an ammeter is very low. To utilize an ammeter instead of a voltmeter, we must connect a very high resistance in series with the ammeter so that it functions as a voltmeter. 51. (d) material of the turns of the coil. Explanation: Magnetic moment is given by M = NIA where N is the number of turns of the coil, Tis the current flowing in the coil and A is the area of cross-sectional area of the coil. Therefore, the ‘magnetic moment doesn't depend on the material of the turns of the coil. 52. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. Explanation: m (for circular wire) = 17rr? (standard result for magnetic force on a current carrying wire) my _ mz Ring yo m= 4m, 53. (a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion. Explanation: Voltage across galvanometer resistor will be equal to voltage across shunt resistor, which means igG = S(i- ic) The range of ammeters can be extended by increasing the total current going through ammeter’ i Asa result, the shunt resistance decreases. Because the shunt and galvanometer resistors are connected in parallel, the ammeter resistance decreases. Asa result, the greater the range, the lower the resistance of the ammeter. ‘We are increasing the shunt resistance to broaden the range of ammeters. 54, A galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by connecting a low resistance (called shunt) in parallel to galvanometer value of shunt is so adjusted that most of the current passes through the shunt. In this way a galvanometer is converted into ammeter and can measure heavy currents without fully deflected.55. (A) Imagine two parallel infinitely long wires carrying currents [, and [,. The wires are separated by a distance d. Force on Parallel Current Carrying Conductors Let us find out the force per unit length of both wires on each other. The force on a wire is given by F = /Blsin 8. We assume that the wires are exactly parallel and hence the magnetic fields will be exactly perpendicular and hence, the sin @ = 1 Next, let us calculate the force on wire A, Fy = [qBple —lalton “2nd Which gives us, laloto Fa=gag b Next, let us find the force on wire B. Fy = IpBal a lohHoa 2nd Which leads us to _ lolatte 0 ondforce per unit length of both wires on each other is exactly the same. This gives us the definition of Ampere. An Ampere is the amount of current which when passed through two infinitely long wires separated by 1m gives a force per unit length of 2 x 107 N/m. (B) Given: |, = fy Ad=1m Force per unit length between them Holle 2nd 4m x 10-7 X 5x5 nx =5x 10-6 N/m Since current flows in the same direction in the wires, so the wires attract each other. A) Force F, and F, are equal and in opposite directions along the same straight line, they cancel out each other. Now, Force on the arm PQ. F=100 xB) = I(|PQ| x |B|)sin 90° = BIL Similarly, F; = BILF, and F, form a couple and orbit a dotted line. Coil rotate in the anti-clockwise direction, Torque, T = entire force x arm of the couple = BIL x beos@ = IBAcos@ [- 1b = A, area of coil PORS ] If the rectangular coil has m tums, then C= nIBAcosé Also, 0+ a = 90° > 0=90-a 2 T= niBAsina Or, t= xB (B) Magnitude of torque experienced by coil in the magnetic field is given by, T= nB | Asin@ = 0.96Nm 57. In region-I : Magnetic Field due to 2 A and 3 A current wire is in opposite direction. In region-II : Here, also magnetic field due to 2 A and 3 A currents wire is in opposite direction But, it is highly probable, In region I, that we can have neutral points, because — 2tto 1 2nRy _ 30 2nR, For region fy, Ry > Ry and [,(34) > 1, (2A) and By and By are in opposite directions, so net ‘magnetic intensity will become zero at existing neutral point. (highly probable), 58.Lo P B py = Hol By = FEE @ (atthe site of MP) Holi Re the site of N A = Feary © Cathe site of NO) ‘The magnitude of the force acting on wire MP is Fy =InLB, Holo Fy =Ibx 22 ee On Holiln + (i) (towards left) an The magnitude of the force acting on NO is Given that: (Fue) = F 2 FR =F Holile _ Mobile _ on an tolile eto Hence force acting on NO is F,59, Current sensitivity: The ratio of deflection produced by the coil to the current in the coil is called the current sensitivity. It is the deflection of the meter per unit current. 60. Let the shunt resistance be of RQ and if is concerted in parallel with ammeter of resistance 0.80. In the consented ammeter, SA current can enter. = Ammeter can take up to 1 A, remaining 4 A flows through shunt, R THIA + Rand ammeter are in parallel 4R=1x08 + value of shunt = .20(Am) 61.(A) M= NIA = Ninr? (B) Bal Due to the current element dl considered at A the magnetic field at P is, ugldl x? 1 apa mn Since, dl xr = dlr Hol dl apa eS dl ap= he An (X? +R)Consider a current element opposite to A, that is at B, then we can see that the y components of the ‘magnetic field due to this current element cancel and X component is only present. So we can say that the net magnetic field is along the X-direction. By = dBcos 0 ‘The net magnetic field at P is am ap, =f dBcos 8 _ { Ho__ldt an Ox RP _ I Mo Idi R © J a OF +R?) OP FRPP Ho IR te | qu= Hol Rak ~ GX? + RAPP An? + RP? Ho | R? B= 7a RP Let us take a rectangular coil ABCD carrying current / and number of turns area N. A uniform magnetic field B exists in the plane of the coil along x-direction As the side BC and DA is along the magnetic field B. So Force on BC and DA is zero due to the magnetic field. Force will be only acting on AB and CD Since 8 is same everywhere in plane and current I is flowing in the coil. So force on both AB and CD will be equal in magnitude but directions. In is angle tured by the coil F = (ll, B)NK Torque T = Ah sin o+ Asin 0 Flysing Flysin Fy x2=( ) x2 Bl, Ipsin 6) seen) x2N 2 NIBI,lsin @ LetM=NIA Where, A = lly = cross - sectional area of coil T =NIABsin 6 T= MBsin 0 Torque, T = M x B (cross - product of M and B ) where, M is called as magnetic moment of the coil. As the radial magnetie field provides constant torque on the coil irrespective of the rotation of the coil. This makes the deflection directly proportional to the current and we can easily take the measurement of the galvanometer scale. ¥ x Z A > F® 7?” Ip]b I> 8 4 63.64. 21 Fis Fy Let the wire A, placed at a distance x from the wire A,. And the distance of wire A from A, be (d — Xx). The current flowing through them is 1, 1.5 and 21 in Ay, As and A, respectively. Let the current flowing in the wire Ay be in the same direction as A, and Az Therefore, force between A, and As is, Ho 1X15] Aone Force between Ag and Ap is, fy = He 2IK1S/ 2 an (d—x) Since, the net force on A3 is zero, FR =F; 5 Mo TXASI _ fg 21X15! Qn (x) (dx) 15 3 > = 15d -1.5x > 45x Therefore, x The wire A is placed at a distance of $ from A, and co from Ap. ‘No, the net force acting on Ag does not depend on the current flowing through it. Ata same distance the force on the wire A; is independent of the direction of the current. As if current is in opposite direction then F, and F, will be in opposite direction, but will be in equilibrium, (A) The Principle: When a current flows through the conductor coil, a torque acts on it due to the external radial magnetic field. Counter torque due to suspension balances coil after appropriate deflection due to current in the circuit.(B) A galvanometer can be used as such to measure current due to following two reasons. (1) A galvanometer has a finite large resistance and is connected in series in the circuit, so it will increase the resistance of circuit and hence change the value of current in the circuit. (2) A galvanometer is a very sensitive device, it gives a full scale deflection for the current of the order of micro ampere, hence if connected as such it will not measure current of the order of ampere. (C) (i) Voltage sensitivity: It is defined as the deflection produced in the galvanometer when a unit voltage is applied across it (ii) Current sensitivity: The ratio of deflection produced by the coil to the current in the coil is called the current sensitivity. It is the deflection of the meter per unit current. 65. (A) Torque on current carrying loop in magnetic field Consider a coil PQRS placed in a magnetic field. Let be the angle between the plane of the coil and direction of B. When current flow through coil each side experiences a force. The forces on vertical side will constitute a couple. Torque = One of forces x Perpendicular distance between lines of action of force, T=EX QT =F x Bsind =| Bbsin 6 1 =I (Ib)Bsin@ @=1(AxB)(~ Arca = lb) If there are NV turns, thenWhere, M = NIA is magnetic moment of loop. (B) A magnetic field, in which the plane of the coil in all positions remains parallel to the direction of ‘magnetic field is called radial magnetic field. In a radial magnetic field, magnetic torque remains ‘maximum for all the positions of the coil. 66. Magnetic field produced on the wire (carrying current [p ) due to f, will be Force acting at | length is F=hIB —Holrlal . FART towards I Ifl=1md=1m4 =) =/andF =2x10-7N,9 1=1A So, | ampere is defined as the current, which when maintained in two parallel infinite length conductors, held at a separation of one meter will produce a force of 2 X 10-7 N per meter on each conductor. 67. fio em, 2A poy 14 20cm Here Ls 20cm _ Here Ail, =1A d, = 10 cm; d, = 30 cm Mo = 410 10-7TmA~*+ Net force on sides ab and cd 33 x 10-7 N This net force is directed towards the infinitely long straight wire, Net force on sides be and da = zero + Net force on the loop = 5.33 x 1077 N The force is directed towards the infinitely long straight wire. 68, A= 100 cm? = 107? m? N= 200tums,1=5A,B=0.2T 6 = 90° — 60" T= NIABsin@ T= 200 x5 x 10°? x sin 30° = 1Nm The coil will be in stable equilibrium when it is parallel to the magnetic field. 69. (A) The magnitude of magnetic field produced by conduced ' a' at a point on the conduetor b Mola 2nd The direction of magnetic field will be inward / outward perpendicular to the plane of the two conductors, depending on the direction of flow of current in conductor ' a olalb Force per unit length = #2lsit Nature: attractive @)se > fe ee Jad (Any one of the diagrams) 70. Ho tile Pa When p= 1Ar « One ampere is that amount of current which when passes through a 1m long conductor placed at a distance of 1 m from a conductor carrying the same amount of current in same direction attracts it with a force equal to 10-7 N.