ORAL COMMUNICATION

IN CONTEXT
Lesson Three
 LEARNING
COMPETENCIES
1. Explains why 2. Uses various
there is a strategies in order to
breakdown of avoid communication
communication. breakdown.
EN11/12OC-Ia-5 EN11/12OC-Ia-6
 LEARNING
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the 2. determine the 3. demonstrate
reasons of communicative effective use of
communication strategy which communicative
breakdown, may be effectively strategy in a variety
used in of speech situation
communication to avoid
breakdown; and communication
breakdown.
 What does the illustration mean?

COMMUNICATION BARRIER
COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
Types of Barriers and Ways to Avoid Breakdown
COMMUNICATION
BREAKDOWN
results when the intended
message of the sender is
not understood exactly by
the receiver.
 Language Barriers
Clearly, language and linguistic ability may act as a
barrier to communication. However, even when
communicating in the same language, the
terminology used in a message may act as a barrier if
it is not fully understood by the receiver/s. For
example, a message that includes a lot of specialist
jargon and abbreviations will not be understood by a
receiver who is not familiar with the terminology
used.
 Language Barriers
Technical Jargons
Example: “Please check if you have a tachycardia after
biking”. We cannot understand it because it is the
terminology that doctors and policemen understand.

Different Language
Example: A Japanese trying to talk to a Filipino who uses
any of Filipino dialect will not understand each other. That’s
why communication becomes worthless at times.
 Psychological Barriers
The psychological state of the receiver will influence
how the message is received. For example, if
someone has personal worries and is stressed, he
may be preoccupied by personal concerns and not as
receptive to the message as if he is not stressed.
Stress management is an important personal skill
that affects our interpersonal relationships.
 Psychological Barriers
Anger is another example of a psychological barrier to
communication. When we are angry, it is easy to say things
that we may later regret and also to misinterpret what
others are saying. More generally, people with low self-
esteem may be less assertive and therefore may not feel
comfortable communicating - they may feel shy about
saying how they really feel, or read negative sub-texts into
messages they hear.
 Physiological Barriers
Physiological barriers may result from the receiver’s
physical state.
For example, a receiver with reduced hearing may
not grasp the entirety of a spoken conversation,
especially if there is significant background noise.
Besides, this kind of barrier occurs between the
sender and the receiver who has physical disability
most especially those referring to senses.
 Physical Barriers
Physical barrier is the environmental and natural condition
that act as a barrier in communication in sending message
from sender to receiver. Organizational environment or
interior workspace design problems, technological problems
and noise are the parts of physical barriers. If for instance,
you are listening to a seminar in a very hot and crowded
room, you cannot understand what the speaker tells, thus
the intended message is either misunderstood or
misinterpreted.
 Attitudinal Barriers
Attitudinal barriers are behaviors or perceptions that
prevent people from communicating effectively.
Attitudinal barriers to communication may result
from personality conflicts, poor management,
resistance to change, or a lack of motivation.
Effective receivers of messages should attempt to
overcome their own attitudinal barriers to facilitate
effective communication.
 Cultural Barriers
Cross-cultural barriers are the communicational
challenges faced by people due to their differences in
race, cultures, tradition, views and opinions. People’s
varies religious or spiritual beliefs can also lead to
misunderstanding.
In the Philippines, some ethnicities are soft-spoken
while others are loud and expressive. Some races allow
you to look in their eyes while communicating, but it is
rude and disrespectful to other culture.
 What are the
different barriers to
communication?
 What are
examples of
these barriers?
 COMMUNICATION BARRIERS
LANGUISTIC PSYCHOLOGICAL PHYSIOLOGICAL PHYSICAL ATTITUDINAL CULTURAL
Techical
Low self-esteem Reduced hearing Loud party unmotivated Different races
jargons
Different Different
Lack of confidence Physical disability Poor lighting Lack of attention
language views/opininos
Abbreviations / Information Workspace Resstance to
Speech disability Different beliefs
Contractions overload design problems change
Connotative Hearing Organizational Poor
Frustration
meaning deficiency setting management
Collocquial Technological Personality
Worried/ stressed
languages issues conflict
informal languages
Slangs/ gaylingo anger noise
Directions: Identify which barrier of communication
is being talked about in the following information.
Write only the letter of your choice.

A - Language barrier D - Physical barrier

B - Psychological barrier E - Attitudinal barrier
C - Physiological barrier F - Cultural Barriers
1. A receiver with reduced hearing may not grasp the
entirety of a spoken conversation, especially if
there is significant background noise.
2. The terminology used in a message may act as a
barrier if it is not fully understood by the
receiver(s).
3. The behavior or a personality prevents people
from communicating effectively.
4. Organizational environment or interior
workspace design problems, technological
problems and noise are parts of this barrier.
5. The difference or race and tradition affects
communication process.
 Types of Communicative Strategy
suggests to
open a topic. A speaker
carries out nomination to
collaboratively and Example: “Do you have
productively establish a topic. any idea why Albert is
Basically, when you employ not attending our class?”
this strategy, you try to open “How about, let’s talk…”
a topic with the people you
are talking to.
 Types of Communicative Strategy
refers to any
limitation you may have as a
speaker. When communicating in Example: “Group 1 will
the classroom, in a meeting, or brainstorm about the
while hanging out with your disadvantages of peer pressure”.
friends, you are typically given “I want you to focus on this
specific instructions that you must idea”.
follow. These instructions confine “Remember to get only the most
you as a speaker and limit what important concepts.”
you can say.
 Types of Communicative Strategy
gives others the
opportunity or chance to talk.
Sometimes people are given
unequal opportunities to talk Example: “Do you want
because others take much time to say something?” or
during the conversation. This “What do you think”.
pertains to the process by which How about you Mr.
people decide who takes the Marky, do you have any
conversational floor. idea about this?”
 Types of Communicative Strategy
covers how
procedural formality or informality
affects the development of topic in Example: “You may only have a
conversations. This is to allow turn to speak after the chairperson
speakers to come up with the most directs you to do so.”
important details only and to avoid “You are given only 2 minutes to
unnecessary interruptions . answer.”
“May we give a 3 minutes time for
the 2nd speaker.”
 Types of Communicative Strategy
as the name
suggests, involves moving
from one topic to another. Example: “By the way, can
In other words, it is where you tell Eryl to proceed in
one part of a conversation room 301”.
ends and where another “In addition to what you
said…”
begins.
“…which reminds me of…”
 Types of Communicative Strategy
refers to how
speakers address the
problems in speaking, Example: “All right, let
listening, and us do it this way”.
comprehending that they “I came to say sorry
about last night…”
may encounter in a “Let me clear my
conversation. previous statement.”
“What I mean is…”
 Types of Communicative Strategy
refers to the
conversation participants’
close-initiating expressions Example: “It’s nice to have
that end a topic in a you here, see you later”.
conversation. The topic “In conclusion” “To sum up”
“Let us cut the haste for a
initiator takes responsibility moment…”
to signal the end of the “Well, I guess, that is all”
discussion as well.
Directions:Identify the type of communicative
strategy in each statement. Write only the letter of
your choice.

A - Nomination E - Topic Shifting

B - Restriction F - Repair
C - Turn Taking G - Termination
D - Topic Control
1. “Go on with your ideas. I’ll let you finish first
before I say something.”
2. “Have you heard the news about the new
equipment of our government’s new projects
for the disaster preparedness of our country?”
3. “Everyone, the teacher asks us to work on this
topic only!”
4. “Best regards to your parents! See you
around!”
5. “Hi Jess, How are you? I came to visit you
because I want to personally offer apologies
for what I did yesterday.”
 7Cs of Effective Communication
1. : Complete
communication is essential
Teacher: Today, we will go to the
to the quality of the computer laboratory to research
communication process in about the 7Cs. Please bring your
general. Hence, it should notebook in English and a pen. Pack
your things now and don’t leave your
include everything that the important belongings inside the
receiver needs to hear for classroom. We will all be there at
him/ her to respond, react, exactly 1:00pm. Please walk silently
in the hallway and don’t make
or evaluate properly. unnecessary noise inside.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
2. does not
mean keeping the message
Manager: I want to see you
short, but making it direct or
improve your performance
straight to the point.
in one week. If not, I will be
Insignificant or redundant
forced to terminate your
information should be
contract as soon as
eliminated from the
possible.
communication that will be
sent to the recipient.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
3. The speaker
should always consider
relevant information about Teacher: On a ½ sheet of
his receiver such as mood, paper, I want you describe
background, race, education, the best travel destination
preference, status, and in your locality. This must
needs, among others. By be a place that you have
doing so, he can easily build already visited before.
rapport with the audience.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
4. Effective
communication happens
Recruiter: “Once you join the
when the message is company, aside from an
concrete and supported by attractive salary, you will enjoy
facts, figures, and real-life these perks such as gadgets, gas
examples and situations. In allowance, tour incentives and
this case, the receiver is more many more. Just like what I have
connected to the message now; I truly love this company
because of these”.
conveyed.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
5.
The speaker shows courtesy
Speaker: “Good morning
in communication by
everyone! How are you? I
respecting the culture,
hope everyone is doing
values, and beliefs of
great! First and foremost, I
his/her receivers. Being
would like to acknowledge
courteous at all times and thank everyone for
creates a positive impact on attending this meeting.”
the audience.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
6. implies stops,
pauses, and the use of Speaker: “Whether it’s the hours we
simple and specific words to spend on Skype calls, or the hours we
express ideas. It is also spend with all our relatives back
home for Christmas, or the hours we
achieved when the speaker spend praying for those who are
focuses only on a single absent—every immigrant family
creates its own unique way of sealing
objective in his/her speech that distance and strengthening their
so as not to confuse the love for one another.”
audience.
 7Cs of Effective Communication
7. in
grammar eliminates Student: “Good morning everyone! It is
negative impact on the my pleasure to introduce myself. I am
Calix Y. Santos, 17 years old, and I live in
audience and increases San Luis, Antipolo City. I am a grade 11
the credibility and student under the General Academic
Strand at Maximo L. Gatlabayan
effectiveness of the Memorial National High School. I love
message. playing volleyball and basketball. I am
friendly and always happy. And, I hope
we can be good friends. Thank you”!
Directions: Identify the meaning of 7Cs of
communication in each of the following
sentences. Write only the letter of your
answers.
A - Completeness E - Conciseness
B - Consideration F - Clearness
C - Concreteness G - Courteousness
D - Correctness
1. It does not mean keeping the message short, but
making it direct or straight to the point
2. To be effective, the speaker should always consider
relevant information about his/her receiver such as
mood, background, race, preference, education, status,
and needs, among others.
3. It eliminates negative impact and doubt on the
audience and increases the credibility and
effectiveness of the message.
4. Effective communication happens when the message
is real and supported by facts, figures, and real-life
examples and situations.
5. It implies the use of simple and specific words to
express ideas
 Other Ways to Avoid Breakdown
1. by setting your purpose.
2. by using simple and precise words.
3. by listening with ears and eyes.
4. by finding quiet place to talk.
5. by not jumping to conclusions easily.
6. by having the right volume of
voice, speed rate and proper pronunciation.
7. And many more….
DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS OR
CLARIFICATIONS?
WRAP UP:
Most of our activities everyday involves
communication with others. But there are times
the meaning we want to convey with others are
misunderstood, misinterpreted or even distorted.
Hence, there is what we call communication
breakdown which usually results to conflict and
confusion. This is usually caused by different types
of barriers: Language, Psychological, Physiological,
Physical, Cultural and Attitudinal barriers.
WRAP UP:
To be an effective communicator, we have to get
acquainted or be familiarized with all of these
barriers so we can find some ways to resolve
miscommunication and eventually understand
each other’s message. There are several ways to
avoid communication breakdown such as the 7
Communicative Strategies, the 7Cs of Effective
Communication and many more others.
VALUING:
Communication will make or break our relationship
towards other people. Our understanding, open
mindedness and consideration to other’s feelings
and disabilities will always lead to effective
communication. Besides, our determination to
overcome all these barriers matters to make an
effective communication. When done right,
communication fosters understanding, strengthens
relationships, improves team work and build trust.
 Directions: Identify which
barrier of communication is
being talked about in the
following information. Write only
the letter of your choice in a ¼
sheet of paper.
1. While having a conversation with Danny’s
friend over the phone, his dog keeps on
barking unceasingly. Which barrier of
communication is evident in this context?
A - Language barrier
B - Physical barrier
C - Physiological barrier
2. You are a weather forecaster and you are
trying to explain weather phenomenon
with your 10-year-old-son who does not
know much about the topic.
A - Language barrier
B - Psychological barrier
C - Attitudinal barrier
3. One of the attendees in the seminar
doesn’t want to listen to the speaker. He
thinks that he knows it already and he’s
better than the speaker.
A - Physical barrier
B - Cultural Barriers
C - Attitudinal barrier
4. John was not able to share his thoughts
regarding the yesterday’s lesson because he
was very shy and lacks of self-confidence.

A - Language barrier
B - Psychological barrier
C - Physiological barrier
5. An old lady can’t hear her daughters’
instruction clearly.

A - Physical barrier
B - Psychological barrier
C - Physiological barrier
 Directions: Read and analyze
the situations carefully. Identify
what strategy is effective to the
given situation. Write only the
letter of your choice.
6. Mikel, a leader from Group 1 discusses
the assigned topic for the group. After the
report she asks Felix one question about his
topic. But Felix can hardly answer it. What
strategy can Mikel use?
A - Nomination C - Restriction
B - Repair D - Termination
7. In a board meeting, Angela asserted,
“Excuse me? I think we should speak one at
a time, so we can clearly understand what
we want to say about the issue.”

A - Topic Control C - Turn-Taking

B - Topic Shifting D - Termination
8. A group of students does brainstorming and
collaboration on how they help the victims of a
disaster including the victims of coronavirus.
Dane, who is one of the members wants to talk
and to share his ideas with the group.

A - Topic Control C - Turn-Taking

B - Topic Shifting D - Termination
9. I am pleased to discuss with you the
plans of our organization how we can be
of service in times of disaster.

A - Termination C - Restriction
B - Nomination D - Repair
10. “Sorry, I can’t talk about it right
now. I am still focused on doing my
homework. Let’s talk next time, okay?”

A - Termination C - Restriction
B - Nomination D - Repair
 Directions: Identify the 7Cs
of Effective Communication
described in each scenario.
Write only the letter with the
correct answer.
11. The teacher reads the
classroom rules comprehensively
and completely.

A - Concreteness C - Consiceness
B - Completeness D - Courteousness
12. When your classmate delivers a
report about the Philippine’s population
but did not show any graph or figures,
what rule among the 7Cs is violated?

A - Concreteness C - Consiceness
B - Completeness D - Courteousness
13. The host of the event
acknowledged the arrival of the
guest speaker.

A - Concreteness C - Consiceness
B - Completeness D - Courteousness
14. A member of Student Body
Organization reads a scheduled
meeting with a clear and modulated
voice.
A - Conciseness C - Clearness
B - Correctness D - Consideration
15. A student came late to his class
and the teacher welcomed him
calmly.

A - Conciseness C - Clearness
B - Correctness D - Consideration
Do you have
questions?
 THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING!