Database Management System

What is Data
• Data is raw facts and figures.
 What is Information
• Processed and organized form of data.
 What is Database?
• A database is a systematic collection of same
data. They support electronic storage and
manipulation of data. Databases make data
management easy.
What is Database Management
System
Purpose of DBMS
Characteristics od DBMS
 Traditional File System
• File system is collection of data. In this system, user has to write
procedures for managing database. It provides details of data
representation and storage of data. In this –
• Data is stored in files.
• Each file has specific format.
• Programs that use these files depend on knowledge about that
format.
• In earlier days, database applications were built on top of file
systems.
• This approach is mostly obsolete but –
• Understanding problems inherent in file based systems may prevent
us from repeating these problems in our database system.
• Understanding how file system works is extremely useful when
converting a file-based system to a database system.
• Basically, it is a collection of application program.
 File Management System
• A file management system has limited
capabilities and is designed to manage
individual or group files, such as special office
documents and records. It may display report
details, like owner, creation date, state of
completion and similar features useful in an
office environment.
 Advantages of DBMS over File
Management System
• Data redundancy
• Data inconsistency
• Data Isolation
• Lack of flexibility
• Data not Sharable
• Back up and Recovery
• Data Security
Role of Data Administrator
 Basic Database Terminologies
• Table/Relation
 Basic Database Terminologies
• Record/Tuple/Row
• Fields/Attribute/Column
• File
• View
• Data Types
 What is Key in database
• Primary Key
• A primary key is a field in a table which uniquely
identifies each row/record in a database table. Primary
keys must contain unique values. A primary key
column cannot have NULL values.
• A table can have only one primary key, which may
consist of single or multiple fields. When multiple fields
are used as a primary key, they are called a composite
key.
• If a table has a primary key defined on any field(s),
then you cannot have two records having the same
value of that field(s).
• Candidate or Alternate Key
• CANDIDATE KEY is a set of attributes that
uniquely identify tuples in a table. Candidate
Key is a super key with no repeated attributes.
The Primary key should be selected from the
candidate keys. Every table must have at least
a single candidate key. A table can have
multiple candidate keys but only a single
primary key.
 What is a Secondary Key

• Secondary Key is the key that has not been

selected to be the primary key. However, it is
considered a candidate key for the primary
key.
• Therefore, a candidate key not selected as a
primary key is called secondary key. Candidate
key is an attribute or set of attributes that you
can consider as a Primary key.
 Foreign Key
• FOREIGN KEY is a column that creates a
relationship between two tables. The purpose
of Foreign keys is to maintain data integrity
and allow navigation between two different
instances of an entity. It acts as a cross-
reference between two tables as it references
the primary key of another table.
 Data Models
• Hierarchical Database Model
Network Database Model
 Relational Model
• Relational Model represents how data is
stored in Relational Databases. A relational
database stores data in the form of relations
(tables).
Relational Model