10th MATHEMATICS

FORUMLAS BOOK

“Without mathematics, there’s nothing you can

do. Everything around you is mathematics.
Everything around you is numbers”.
( Shakuntala Devi, Indian writer and human calculator)

Prepaid by : ImtiyazAhmed U Soudagar M: 6362567298

 10th MATHEMATICS FORMULAS BOOK.
• A.P
1) nth term of A.P 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑
𝑛
2) Sum of nth of A.P 𝑆𝑛 = [ 2𝑎 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
𝑛
3) Sum of first and last term f A.P 𝑆𝑛 = 2 [ 𝑎 + 𝑙 ]
4) nth term of A.P 𝑎𝑛 = 𝑆𝑛 − 𝑆𝑛−1

• TRIANGLES
5) Thales Theorem: “If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two
sides in distinct Points, the other two sides are divided in the same ratio”.

AD AE
=
BD EC

6) A.A.A Similarity : If in two triangles, corresponding angles are equal,

then their corresponding sides are in the same ratio (or proportion)
and hence the two triangles are similar.

∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 and ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 are similliar

AB BC AC
= =
DE EF DF

7) Areas of Similar Triangles:

“The ratio of the areas two similar triangle is equal to

the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides”.

area of ∆ABC AB2 BC2 AC2

= = =
area of ∆PQR PQ2 QR2 PR2

8) Pythagoras Theorem :
“In a right triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides.”
AC 2 = AB 2 + BC2

• PAIR OF LINEAR EQUESTIONS IN TWO VARIABLES.

9) General form of pair of linear questions in two variables,
𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟏 𝒚 + 𝒄 = 𝟎 and 𝒂𝟏 𝒙 + 𝒃𝟐 𝒚 + 𝒄𝟐 = 𝟎

Compre the ratio Graphical represtation Algebra interpretation

𝑎1 𝑏1 Intersecting lines Exactly one solution
≠
𝑎2 𝑏2
𝑎1 𝑏1 𝑐1 Coincident lines Infinitely many solution
= =
𝑎2 𝑏2 𝑐2
 𝑏1 𝑐1 Parallel lines No solution
≠
𝑏2 𝑐2

10) Cross Multiplication Method: x y 1

𝒃𝟏 𝐜𝟏 𝐚𝟏 𝑏1

𝑏2 𝑐2 𝑎2 𝑏2

𝑥 𝑌 1
= =
𝒃𝟏 𝑐2 − 𝑏2 𝑐1 𝒂𝟐 𝑐1 − 𝑐2 𝑎1 𝒂𝟏 𝑏2 − 𝑎2 𝑏1

• CIRECLES :
11) No tangent to a circle passing through a point lying inside the circle.
12) One tangent to a circle passing through a point lying on the circle.
13) Exactly two tangents o a circle trough a point lying outside the circle.

• AREAS RALATED TO CIRCLES:

√3
14) Area of equilateral triangle 𝐴= a2 where a is side of triangle.
4

15) Area of square 𝐴 = l2 where l is a side of triangle.

16) Circumference of circle 𝐶 = 2л𝑟
17) Area of circle 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 2
θ
18) Area of Sector × 𝜋𝑟 2
3600

θ
19) Length of arc × 2𝜋r
3600

20) Area of segment = Area of sector – Area of Equilateral Triangle

• COORDINATE GEOMETRY:

21)Distance between point P(x,y) and origin d = √x 2 + y 2

22)Distance Formula 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

m1 x2 +m2 x1 m1 y2 +m2 y1
23)Section Formula P( X , Y) = ( , )
m1 + m2 m1 + m2

x1 +x2 y1 +y2
24) Midpoint Formula P( X , Y) = ( , )
2 2

1
25) Area of Triangle [ x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )]
2
 • REAL NUMBERS
26)Euclid’ Division Lemma : “ a & b are two positive integers there exits unique integers q and r
satisfies”
𝑎 = 𝑏𝑞 + 𝑟 , 0 ≤ 𝑟 < 𝑏.

27) Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic:

Every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes , and this factorization is
unique, apart from the order in which the prime factors occur.

28) HCF (a, b) = product of the smallest power of each common prime factor in the numbers.
LCM (a, b) = product of the greatest power of each common prime factor involved in the
numbers.

29) For any two positive integers a and b. 𝐻𝐶𝐹(𝑎, 𝑏) × 𝐿𝐶𝑀(𝑎, 𝑏) = 𝑎 × 𝑏

30) Let 𝑥 = 𝑝/𝑞 be a rational number such that the prime factorizations of q are of the form 2m , 5n
where n, m are non negative integers. Then 𝑥 has a decimal expansion which terminates.
17 17
Ex: = (decimal expansion which terminates).
8 𝟐𝟑

31)Let 𝑥 = 𝑝/𝑞 be a rational number such that the prime factorizations of q are not of the
form 2m , 5n where n, m are non negative integers. Then 𝑥 has a decimal expansion which non
terminating.
6 6
Ex: = (decimal expansion is non terminating repeating).
15 3×5

❖ Numbers :

➢ Natural Number:
counting numbers are called natural ➢ Irrational number ( J ):
numbers.N = {1, 2, 3, 4,……..} A number which can’t be written in
the form of p/q is called irrational
➢ Whole Numbers (W). number.
This is the set of natural numbers, plus Ex: √𝟐, √𝟑, л,
zero, W= {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…….}. ➢ Real number ( R ) :
➢ Integers (Z): A number set contain rational and
irrational number is called real
This is the set of all whole numbers
number.
plus all the negatives (or opposites) of
R = {½,√𝟑, 0, -8……}
the natural numbers, Z= {… , -2, -1, 0,
1, 2, …} ➢ Prime number:
A number that is divisible only by itself
➢ Rational numbers (Q): and 1 is called prime number.
A number written in the form of p/q is Ex: 2,3,5,7,11,13,……….
called rational number. Where 𝒑 ∈ 𝒁 &
𝒒 ≠ 𝟎. ➢ Composite Number:
Q= {0, 1, ½, 5/6 ……. } Numbers which are not prime
numbers are called composite number.

Ex: 4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15………
• POLYNOMIALS :
✓ A polynomial of degree 1 is called • QUADRATIC EQUATIONS :
linear polynomial. Ex: 2x-3, x-1
✓ Genral form of the quadratic equation
✓ A polynomial of degree 2 is called is 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
quadratic polynomial.
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Ex : 2𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0 ✓ 𝑥=
2𝑎

✓ A polynomial of degree 3 is called ✓ Discriminant of quadratic equation is

cubic polynomial. 2
∆= 𝑏 − 4𝑎𝑐
Ex: 𝑥 − 2𝑥 − 3𝑥 + 1 = 0
3 2

✓ Polynomial p(x) of degree n has at • Nature of roots are

most n zeroes. Two distinct real roots 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 > 0
✓ A graph intersects the x axis at n Two equal real roots 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 = 0
points, and then the number of zeroes
is n. No real roots 𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐 < 0

✓ The number of zeroes of given graph is • Introduction To Trigonometry:

4.
A

B C
✓ The number of zeroes of given graph is
1.
• Trigonometric Ratios:
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝐶 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐵𝐶
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐶 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵
𝑡an 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝐵𝐶
✓ Quadratic polynomial 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0
Sum of zeroes = -b/a Cot 𝐶 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒
=
𝐵𝐶
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝐵
Product of zeroes = c/a
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶
✓ Relation between zeroes and 𝑆𝑒𝑐 𝐶 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝐵𝐶
coefficients of a polynomial.
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝐴𝐶
𝛼 + 𝛽 = −𝑎
𝑏 𝑐
and 𝛼 × 𝛽 = 𝑎 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐶 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 = 𝐴𝐵

✓ Division Algorithm for polynomials.

𝑝(𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥) × 𝑞(𝑥) + 𝑟(𝑥)

Prepaid by : I U Soudagar , RES ATHANI

 •
1
Trigonometric Ratio of Some Specific Angles: ❖ 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃

00 300 450 600 900 ❖ 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃 =

1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃 0 ½ 1/√2 √3 1

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 1 1
2
1 0
• Some Application Of
√3
√2 2 Trigonometry:
2
𝑡an 𝜃 0 1 1 √3 N.D
√3 ✓ Angle of elevation: The angle formed
Cot𝜃 N.D √3 1 1 0 by the line of sight and
√3 horizontal plane for an
𝑆𝑒𝑐𝜃 1 2 √2 2 N.D
object above the horizontal.
√3
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 N.D 2 √2 2 1 ✓ Angle of depression:
the angle formed by the line
√3
of sight and the horizontal
plane for an object below the horizontal.
• Trigonometric Ratio of Complementary
Angles:
• STATISTICS:
𝑆𝑖𝑛 (900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝐴 ✓ Mean of Grouped Data:
𝐶𝑜𝑠 (900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝐴
✓ Direct Method.
𝑡𝑎𝑛 (900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑡𝐴
𝑈𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝑚𝑖𝑡 + 𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡
𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘 =
𝐶𝑜𝑡 (900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 2
∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = ∑𝑓
𝑆𝑒𝑐 (900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝐴 ✓ Assumed Mean Method :
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐(900 − 𝐴 ) = 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝐴 ∑ 𝑓𝑑
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑎 + ∑𝑓
• Trigonometric Identities: ✓ Step deviation Method:
❖ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝐴 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝐴 = 1 ∑ 𝑓𝑢
𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑥̅ = 𝑎 + ∑𝑓
×ℎ
2 2
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴
𝑓 −𝑓
2 2
✓ Mode= 𝑙 + (2𝑓 −𝑓
1 0
)×ℎ
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐴 −𝑓 1 0 2

𝑛
❖ 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 𝑐.𝑓
✓ Median = 𝑙 + ( 2 )×ℎ
𝑓
𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 1
✓ Relation between the Mean, Mode,
1 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝐴 Median.
❖ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝐴 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝐴
3 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒 + 2 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 − 1
✓ Less than Ogive:
2 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝐴 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝐴 = 1
✓ More than Ogive:
𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝜃
❖ 𝑡an 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
❖ cot 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
• PROBABILITY: ✓ The probability of sure event is 1.

✓ Elementary Event: An event only one ✓ The probability of an impossible event is

outcome of the experiment is called an 0.
elementary event.
𝑛(𝐸)
✓ 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆)
✓ Sum of the the probabilities of all the
elementary events of an experiment is 1.
✓ Probability of event cannot be negative
✓ For any event E , 𝑃(𝐸) + 𝑃 ̅̅̅̅̅
(𝐸) = 1 (-) and Probability of event cannot be
greater than 1.
✓ The probability of an event E is a number
P (E). 0 ≤ 𝑃(𝐸) ≤ 1

• SURFACE AREAS AND VOLUMES:

✓ COMBINATION OF SOLID:
If we combine two or more solids, then,
Total surface area of new solid = sum of curved surface area of all solid.

✓ If we convert one solid shape to another solid shape volume remains same.

Name Figure LSA TSA Volume

Cylinder 2𝜋𝑟ℎ 2𝜋𝑟(ℎ + 𝑟) 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ

Cone 𝜋𝑟𝑙 𝜋𝑟(𝑙 + 𝑟) 𝜋𝑟 2 ℎ 𝑙 = √𝑟 2 + ℎ2

3

Sphere 4𝜋𝑟 2 4𝜋𝑟 2 4 3

𝜋𝑟
3

Hemisphere 2𝜋𝑟 2 3𝜋𝑟 2 2 3

𝜋𝑟
3

Cube 4𝑙 2 6𝑙 2 𝑙3 𝑑 = √2 l

Cuboid 2ℎ(𝑙 + 𝑏) 2(𝑙𝑏 + 𝑏ℎ + 𝑙ℎ) 𝑙×𝑏×ℎ

✓ Furustum of Cone:

✓ 𝐶𝑆𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )𝑙 𝑙 = √ℎ2 + (𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2

✓ 𝑇𝑆𝐴 = 𝜋(𝑟1 + 𝑟2 )𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟1 2 + 𝜋𝑟2 2

1
✓ 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 = 3 𝜋ℎ(𝑟2 1 + 𝑟2 2 + 𝑟1 × 𝑟2 )