Modern Primasy/Mathemavics Academic consultant ; Prof. Wong Ngai Ying Prof. Leung Yuk Lun Second Edition Associate Prof. Tang Kwok Chun Eaiforial consultant : Dr. Leung Kung Shing Chan Cheuk Lin e Yin Kue Author : Dr. Wun Chi Wa S mt: rsachorsEaltionractions 8 Division of > Speer bere meen ote Fractions © Division of Fractions with the Divisor being a Whole Number © Division of Fractions with the Divsor being a Fraction Exercise 8 9 Word Problems —® So¥ing Problems © Solving Problems Involving Fractions Exercise 9 a © Division Involving Three Numbers 10 Calculation > Mixed Arithmetic Operations of Three Involving Three Numbers Numbers © ‘Sohing Problems © More on Algebraic Expressions 1 More on © Application of Algebraic reer Algebraic Exercise 11 Expressions B® Sohing Equa 12 More on Solving Sohing Problems by using Equations Simple Equations Exercise 12 ‘Summary Integrated Exercise 16 19 23 24 26 28 eas 49 52 8STa Volume — = . © Knowing and Comparing Volumes 62 13 Knowing Volume » (pits of Volume 65 © Measuring Volume 69 Exercise 13 72 Volume of Cuboids and Cubes 73 14 Finding VoIUME inqiryand imesigaton Volume of Cuboids 74 © Volume of the 3-D Shapes made up of ‘Cubes or Cuboids 7 ® Solving Problems 81 eam More...Concepis and Skils 83 Exercise 14 84 ‘Summary 86 Integrated Exercise 88 Chinese Numerals and 7 Roman Numerals: tniciment topic Chee ee © The Elaborate Form of Chinese Numerals 92 15 Chinese © Chinese Numerals in Ancient Times 94 Numerals Exercise 15 98 © Roman Numerals 99 16 Roman Exercise 16 402 Numerals Mathematical Language 103\ This series of books are written according to Supplement to Mathematics Education Key Leaming Area Curriculum Guide: Leaming Content of Primary Mathematics prepared by The Curriculum Development Council of the HKSAR. This series of books include four textbooks for each yeor level with two textbooks in each term. The topics are grouped into Modules Flow, of learning) Bring about learning through small games or real-life contexts. Review relevant prior knowledge as a way to link up prerequisite knowledge forthe new topic. Provide learning activities and thinking problems for pre-lesson previewing, List the earning objectives and explain in detall new concepts or knowledge through various learning contents, including: Activity Enables pupis to lear or consolidate new knowledge through co-operative leaming in small groups. Consolidation Consolidates in respect to the learning objectives and provides immediate practice Braln Teaser Helps develop pupils’ higher order thinking obilty Challenge Provides challenging questions for enhancement wy Maths inte Enables pups to apply mathematical knowledge in everyday life Application Provides acthties and contents that incorporate elements of STEM or knowledges across different Learning Strands Reasoning Proctice Enhances pupis’lagical reasoning skils through mathematical problems. Fun Maths ‘Stimulates pups’ interest in learning by providing interesting mathematical problems or knowledge Group investigative activities that enables pupils to discover new mathematical knowledge through the three phases of inquiry ( - CED ond SEIT» Provides diversified question types so as to systematically consolidate pupils’ eaming. Taking into account the level of difficulty, the questions are classified a: @ basic questions — @ progressive questions @ challenging questions Concepts and Skills Explores further related knowledges of the relevant topics, so as to widen pupis' learning horizon ‘about Problem Solving Lear to use different problem-sohing strategies and the knowledges acquired to solve problems. Records the learning objectives of each module as a summary of what has been learnt in successive phases. Through problems connected by real ie contexts and requiring the merge of acquired knowledge in different Learning Strands, train and test pupils’ ability to integrate and apply diferent aspects of mathematical knowledges to solve problems. ‘The more difcut questions inthis series of books willbe marked by' ly’, and the questions beyond the curriculum will be marked by‘ >, * Mathematical language will be marked by 9 , so as to enhance pupils’ ability in using mathematical language for expressions of thoughts, To Parents ; " The following parent-child and self-learning elements are provided in QR Code format. e-Tools Immediately launches electronic tools related to the topics, which enable pupils to engage in i investigation or self-directed learning at anytime and anywhere, -Aetivities Provides electronic activities to consolidate and strengthen pupils’ learning ‘Unks Provides immediate links to relevant websites for learning or pre-lesson activities. ‘This series of books have been written aiming at perfection, but flaws may be unavoidable. We sincerely hope that teachers and educationsts can kindly help identify them for improvement._ iP Division and Mixed Arithmetic Operations of Fractions8 Division of Fractions | ! | @ 8 candies are shared equally among 4 people. Each person gets 2 candies. ! Written as a division: 8 + 4 = 2 | i i @® There are 8 candies, and + of them are milk candies. There are 2 milk candies, Written as a multiplication: 8 x ay ) Look at how much each person gets. & 1 red bean cake is shared equally among 4 people. || [al—| || |ai—| Divide the red bean cake into 4 equal parts. Each person gets 7 of the cake. Written os a division: 1= 4 = by 2 cheese cakes are shared equally among 3 people. ga => Divide each cheese cake into Each person gets ¥ of a coke 3 equal parts. Written as a division: 23 = 2& 5S pieces of pancake are shared equally between 2 people. ; ayia : 2 WI 2 i Ta i 2 ||l|2 => |» CN OE : Bm} 2 WI 2 : Jia ‘ 2 2 F aiija i 2 Divide each piece of Each person gets 3 pieces of pancake. pancake into 2 equal parts. 1 or27 pieces of pancake. ace ae ay Written as a division: 5 +2=9 = 25 Ap observe that: 1=4= 4, 253=3, $+2=3 Dividend + Divisor = Dividend Divisor When calculating the division of a whole number by another whole number, we can express the result as a fraction. So, a fraction can be regarded as the quotient of a division of two whole numbers. Calculate. (Express your answers as fractions in the lowest terms.) ® 2+20-| | o @ 15+9= @ 13+24= @ 32=14=Preview» @ How can we use multiplication to show t of 2 melons’?| 1 @ How can we use multiplication to show of 4 of a melon’? L Let's see what fraction of a cake each part is. ® Divide + of a cake equally into 2 parts. Each part is t of 4 of a cake. -_> Written as a division: Written as a multiplication: -> Written as a division: Written as a multiplication: pyFed Gane) Observe that: > 2a (3) Fraction = Whole number = Fraction x that is Fraction = Whole number = Fraction x b&b a1 . 15 ried @ shea L = +7 Comer the mixed ~ 2 >" number to an improper fraction first. + 4x 1 When calculating the division of a fraction by a whole number (except 0), we can do it this way: 1 Whole number Reciprocal of the Whole number loo ple x Nin N f oo ny oI alo f3 ny 4 hs i Ue ales ole x NHN @ o24ith the Divisor being a Fraction @ @ 1 pizzais cut into slices. Each slice is t of the pizza. How many slices are there ¢ altogether? Share with your classmates how you found the answer. slices * @ 2pizzas are cut into slices. Each slice is t of a pizza. How many slices are there altogether? Share with your classmates how you found the answer. Ly & 6 strawberries are divided into groups of 2. ., 6-2 =3 / How many 2s are there in 6? N64 There are 3 groups altogether. fit 1 2 by There are 5 pears and every > of Big 7 tow may Leuisthersin st a pear is put on a plate. (fener a \ \ sede? } 2 Jy Divide each pear into 2 equal O00 0028: pear to be put on d plate ¥ 5 pears can be divided onto ane = 10 plates altogether. From the example above: ad. S# ae 5x2 a6 =10 The pears can be divided onto 10 plates. = ss.& There are 3 oranges and every $ of an orange is put on a plate “How many 4s are there in 37°, Divide each orange equally into 4 parts. Each part is 7 of an orange. 3 oranges can be divided into (3 x 4) parts. 3 is three 4s So, every three parts are put on a plate. 3x4+3=4 [- =} CO) From the example above: 3 = 4 =3x4+3 /( The oranges can be ‘ 4 ivided onto 4 plates. = EE ‘= =3x4 2 There are 3 mooncakes and every 1+ mooncakes are put on a plate. DIA ADI A D+ +r x+ITTIIIIII DISD Divide each mooncake i i" i" equally into 2 parts. Each part is + ofa mooncake. 3 mooncakes can be divided into 6 parts. j1.3 af lg= 3: oF three 7 So, every three parts are put on a plate. 3x2+3=2 (The mooncakes can be divided onto 2 plates. Hoee / Observe that: 3+ $=3x 4 Kd 2 When calculating the division of a whole number by a fraction, we can do it this way: Whole number that is Whole number = Fraction = Whole number x Reciprocal of the fraction = Whole number x g DY 14 om 4+ Work on the division eReaes tte =7% + “sign and the divisor =x & “numerator with 435 | otthesome time, 14°) thedenominator. . 10 + Convert the 9 mixed number 9 toan improper x 4 V6, fraction first. a) ‘Recording to the results above, when the divisor is smaller than 1, which number is larger, the dividend or the quotient? When the divisor is larger than 1, which number is larger, the dividend or the quotient? =20 @ srat= 0 oebecs @ sz9l=There are four ts in %, — Voc 37 e 2 3 (When calculating 2 = $rwe rewrites 4° asx $:. tidowealsohaveto — « \, When calculating 2 + (The result is correct. ) There are four 3s ing, 1 SOlDe " When calculating the division of a fraction by another fraction, we can do it this way: A that is Dividend + Divisor = Dividend x Reciprocal of the divisorF ale ols & e " lun GIN oo/ro x © — I loo o is +e I jn BIS | " a8 Calculate. (Express your answers as fractions in the lowest terms.) @ 14+3= Qo @ 9+21= 60090 3 (2) 9 9 98 98 060000 e Write ‘>’, ‘<’ or ‘=’ in each circle. DOAST ASSP A Te FAI IDIISI ASI ASSD sc De rr I IDS Q ® 6-30On-6 O@ qQ @ 1:01 @ Q @ 94:70 8+62 ©Each kilogram of red beans costs $8. kilogram of red beans can be bought with $24. kg of red beans can be bought with $15. _L 2Lof juice can fill 8 identical paper cups. What is the capacity of each paper cup in L? 28 ‘Amount of juice each paper cup holds: _2' ~ By fe" | 4 EO |B EEE |e at The capacity of each paper cup & nla 2 6 identical bottles of chocolate milk contain is L. How much chocolate milk is there in each bottle in L? 8. Amount of chocolate milk in each bottle: "95 ae = 33.26 nee ° _ 38.1 = 25 “8, ait ~ 50 There is 21 L of chocolate milk - « = ~~Each kilogram of spinach costs $274. How many kilograms of spinach can be 2 bought with $66? ap! 66 +275 Spinach that can be bought with $66: = 662-8 Ndi 2 = 66x Fe, 12 5 =22 =22 2 kg of spinach can be bought with $66. AY Adircular jogging track is 3 km long. Holman has run Sy km along the jogging track. How many rounds has he run along the jogging track? es 51.3 He has run: 4°8 =21.3 4°8 Jot 8 $ km 3 “4 <3, (1round) =14 He has run 14 rounds along the jogging track. Go The total weight of 10 identical bags of brown sugar is 4 kg. How much does each bag of brown sugar weigh in kg? @ 3egg tarts cost sMaab in total. How much does each egg tart cost? @ Holey pays $35 to buy 24 m of ribbon. How much does each metre of ribbon cost? (3 @ Aijuice shop has made ay L of apple juice. If every * Lof the juice is poured into one cup, how many cups of apple juice are there altogether?Sy There is 7 kg of cocoa powder. Every aly kg of the cocoa powder is put into 1 bag. Altogether how many bags can be filled? “8 8- Number of bags that can be filled: ec : ooo 1 0 ko (1 bag) ] Qa oN x u Altogether 35 bags can be filled it be? ait 2000 g 1000 g =(1000 + 1000) kg=1kg ‘s. 450 g = (450 = 1000) kg =? kg ) 450 + 1000 450° = 1000, a2. 20 9 It should be 20 Kg. Qo There are 1 L of green tea in the fridge. Jordan drinks fy L every day In how many days will he finish the green tea ? @® If Jerry's height is to be expressed in m, what should it be?Solving Problems Involving Fractions Preview” * oO What fraction of the rectangles are purple rectangles? = = @ Haley has 10 stuffed cats and 5 stuffed bunnies. How many times the number of stuffed bunnies is the number of stuffed cats? times @ Jerry has 8 fruit candies and 3 milk candies. How many times the number of : milk candies is the number of fruit candies? LD Inatable tennis team, there are 18 members. Among them 9 are male members. What fraction of all members are male members? Do you still remember? When we use a fraction to show how much of a whole is a part, we have to use the quantity of the whole as the denominator and that of the part as the numerator. rs There are 18 members, 9 are male members: fi a) 2 of all members ‘Number of male members: 9 Number of all members: 18 _9 + Number of male members =" Number of all members 1 e 2 AL 2 of all members are male members.2 Ina sports team, there are 21 old members and 14 new members. What fraction of all members do the new members make up? 21 old members and 14 new members: ? of all members Number of old members: 21 area | We can aso calculate in this way: =35 14__~ Number of new members There are 36 members altogether. 21+ 14 = Number of all members 14+ Number of new members -4 35 =~ Number of all members | 2 ak |= 5 2 2 The new members make up 2 of all The new members make up 2 of pe en 5 all members. fraction of all books Haley read were Maths books? @> Holey read 16 books in the first term. Among them 4 were Maths books. What a @® Onaplate there are 9 apples and 15 oranges. What fraction is the number of oranges of that of all fruit on the plate? co 3) There are 6 mangoes and 9 pears in a basket of fruits. & What fraction of the number of pears is the number of mangoes? The number of pears is the unit for comparison. Write the number of pears as denominator. 6 ~~ Number of mangoes 9 =— Number of pears 2 3 Orne number of mangoes is 3 of the number of pears. We can also say that the ratio of the number of mangoes to the number of Q pears is 2 to 3, which can be shown as. 3.We can use a ratio to show the result of comp: two numbers, and express the result as a fraction. - by How many times the number of mangoes is the number of pears? The number of mangoes is the unit for comparison. Write the number of mangoes as denominator. g + Number of pears =" 6 + Number of mangoes (Fou, =4 ) vwittenas * KL 926 The number of pears is 13 times the number of mangoes. We can also say that the ratio of the number of pears to the number of mangoes is 3 to 2, which can be shown as 3 “When a fraction is greater / than 1, itis usually expressed >) 4y The teacher weighs 70 kg and Haley weighs 35 kg. & What is the ratio of the teacher's by What is the ratio of Haley's weight weight to Haley's weight? to the teacher's weight? 20, -_ 35 35 7 2 ‘ 70 a2 00 7 The ratio of the teacher's weight The ratio of Haley’s weight to the to Haley's weight is 2 to 1. teacher's weight is 1 to 2. We can also say that: The teacher's weight is 2 times Haley's weight Haley's weight is 3 of the teacher's weight.S) The capatity of a bottle is 7 L. The capacity of a flask is 3 L _@ How many times the capacity of by What fraction of the capacity of the flask is the capacity of the the bottle is the capacity of the bottle? flask? 1.3 3.1 Capacity of the flask 2°78 8° 2 Capacity of the bottle eile BS =3,,2' _Copacity of , Capacity of 2o3 «B71 ~ the flask ~ the bottle 4 _3 “3 “4 =14 The capacity of the flask is 3 of The capacity of the bottle is iy the.copadly. of theibatte, times of the capacity of the flask, We can also say that: C3 The ratio of the capacity ofthe bottle to the capacity of the flask is 4 to 3. That is 4 The ratio of the capacity of the flask to the capacity of the bottle is 3 to 4. That is 3. | From the two examples above, we can conclude that: IFA is 2 times 8, B is > of A. If Cis 14 times D (that is 3 times), D is 3 of c. There are 6 squares and 10 circles. @ Whats the ratio of the number of squares to the number of circles? ® What is the ratio of the number of circles to the number of squares? ® The length of a blue string is 5-4 m, and the length of a purple string is 13, m. @_ How many times the length of the purple string is the length of the blue string? © What fraction of the length of the blue string is the length of the purple string? Try to give the answer without calculating.7 @ee Solve the following problems and show your working. A piece of cloth 21 m long is cut equally into 6 sections. How long is each section eal of the doth? Each kg of pea shoots costs $21. Mum pays. sis for pea shoots. How much vol shoots is she buying in kg? The capacity of a bottle is 650 mL. If the capacity of the bottle is to be expressed in L| what should it be? The figure on the right shows the plan of a rectangular lecture platform. What is the length of the lecture platform? a2 m lecture platform: 3675, m* 2m 3 cartons of soy milk cost $104 in total, © Inacomputer club, there are 26 members. Among them 14 are boys. What fraction of all members are girls? @ There are 42 cards. Among them 8 are blue and 9 are green. What fraction of all cards are green cards? @® There are 36 fruit candies and 27 milk candies. © What is the ratio of the number of fruit candies to the number of milk nde al © What is the ratio of the number of milk candies to the number of fruit condos @® Adami melon weighs it kg, and a watermelon weighs a1 kg. © What fraction of the weight of the watermelon is the weight of the Hami fa melon? @® How many times the weight of the Hami melon is the weight of the watermelon?Preview Which one of the following expressions gives the same result as 3+ 2 +3? Have a guess. A.2x2x3 yy +17 Coleulate step by step 10 5 “ 3, FTE romeo ict -N a @ = 20715 2t B “a” vs 9.6.14 = | 707 3 é = 9g 715 =13 op 8 Me ltipctions 8 att =14 1 22423 D qt 5a75 DY 3gees + -Hene3 aM 1,5 rick “Ses 5 “9nese seals aie a Calculate the following. (Express your answers as fractions in the lowest terms.)Preview™ > © 246+6x15= @ 945 + (678 — 543) = There are 81 kg of soybeans. At most how many bags of soybeans, each weighing it kg, can they be divided into? How many kilograms of soybeans are left? each economy bottle hand wash contains? __ expensive than 1, that is 1+. One stuffed kitten costs $160. Each regular bottle of hand wash contains 240 ml. Each economy bottle of hand wash is + more than that a regular one contains. How many milimetre does J of the price of one stuffed koala stuffed koala, which is the unit for comparison. The price of one stuffed kitten is 4 more& 28 students are going to an art exhibition, and 3 of them are boys. How many girls are going to the art exhibition? [Method 1 ECR Number of girls going to the exhibition $ are boys 16 girls are going to the art exhibition. [weno An and Think Number of girls going to the exhibition: $ are boys (1-4) are gits 28x (1-3) 16 girls are going to the art exhibition. Qa A novel has 84 pages. Bella has read z of the whole novel. How many pages of Qa the novel has she not yet read?10 There are 180 stickers in one pack. t ‘of them are animal stickers and z are cartoon stickers. & How many cartoon stickers and animal stickers are there altogether? Total number of cartoon stickers and animal stickers: ? stickers 180 stickers a= |= ale al The two types of stickers make up / of all stickers, u 180 75 =132 There are 132 cartoon stickers and animal stickers altogether. We can calculate using a single expression lee 180x(3 +5) | =180x ch +6) There are 132 cartoon stickers and animal stickers altogether.by How many more cartoon stickers are there than animal stickers? a Cartoon stickers are more than animal stickers by: ene Animal stickers: ? stickers Cartoon stickers: 180 stickers The difference in number between the two types of stickers is =} of all stickers. i 180 x is a ml 180% a5, =12 There are 12 more cartoon stickers than a We can calculate using a single expression. 180x(2-4) 180 x48 - 3) mil ; There are 12 more cartoon stickers than animal stickers. There are 60 stationery items in a box. 2 of them are pencils and t are pens. @_ How many pencils and pens are there altogether? @ What is the difference in number between the pencils and pens?Solve the following problems and show your working. The shop owner divides 74 kg of fabbage into 5 portions equally. Then, he further divides one portion into bees, ofa } kg of cabbage. How many bags of cabbage are there altogether? There are at Lof paint in each bucket. A worker buys 3 buckets. After using ws L how many litres of paint is left? Each bag of sugar weighs 1-f kg. A staff repackages 6 bags of sugar, putting every $ kg into one pack. How many packs altogether can the sugar be divided into? 6 identical bags of nuts weigh 24 kg altogether. How many kilograms do 7 bags 9] of nuts weigh altogether? One bag of bread costs $82 and one sandwich costs $11. Ada has $612. After buying one sandwich, how many bags of bread can she buy with the money left? If a wooden beam of length 7 3 m is to be sawed into sections of length 1 m, at most how many sections can Ben saw the wooden beam into? How many metres long is the remaining wooden beam? Each Chinese chess set costs $40. The price of each box of puzzle is 3 higher than that of each Chinese chess set. What is the price of one box of a There are 72 eggs in one box. = i of a box was used yesterday, and = t of a box was used today. © Altogether how many eggs were used yesterday and today? © Whatis the difference in the number of eggs used between yesterday and today?LY When calculating the division of a whole number by another whole number, ‘we can express the result as a fraction. DWvidend + Dhisor = Pudend For example: 2+ 2 When calculating the division of a fraction by a whole number (except 0), ‘we can do it this way: 1 Fraction + Whole number = Fraction x ‘Whole number ‘or Fraction + Whole number = Fraction x Reciprocal of the whole number For example: 4+3=2 x 3) When calculating the ares of a whole ee by a fraction, we can do it this way: Whole number + € = Whole number 2 ‘or Whole number + aenim ‘Whole number x Reciprocal of the fraction =2x4 =2xz For example: 2 8 z ae 3 4) When calculating the division of a fraction by another fraction, we can do it this way: xe or Dividend + Dacor Dividend x Reciprocal of the divisor rorexample: 2+2=2x3=3 &) When we use a fraction to show how much of a whole is a part, we have to use the quantity of the whole as the denominator and that of the part as the numerator. For example: In a table tennis team, there are 18 members. Among them 9 are male members. 5-4 Fofalrmembers are male members, & When calculating ‘what fraction of B is A’ or ‘how many times B is A’, B is the unit for comparison and should be the denominator of the fraction representing the comparison. We can use a ratio to show the result of comparing two numbers, and express the result as a fraction. For example: There are 6 mangoes and 9 pears in a basket of fruits. _& $=} The number of mangoes is of the number of pears. We can also say that the ratio of the number of mangoes to the number of pears is 2 to 3, which can be shown as 2. J The number of pearsis 14 times the number of mangoes. Vie can olao soy that the rola ofthe numberof pears tothe numberof mangoes is 3 to 2, which can be shown a3 $.. ten a dion arate ti ‘7 1, itis usually expressed as an \ improper fraction. 39-— = Potluck party Bella's family is holding a potluck party. © _Bidentical bags of mung beans weigh 4 kg altogether. @ The weight of one bag of red beans is i of that of mung beans. One bag of red beans weighs [ ] kg. ® Mumneeds 3 kg of mung beans to make one pot of sweet mung bean soup. One bag of mung beans can be used to make pots of sweet mung bean soup. ® identical bags of meatballs weigh 23 kg altogether. Mum bought one bag of meatballs. She has used -F kg to make spaghetti with meatballs kg of meatballs is left. @® Bella has made 15 cheese sandwiches and 21 ham sandwiches. @ The number of cheese sandwiches is of that of ham sandwiches. © The number of ham sandwiches is times that of cheese sandwiches. @ Dad has prepared some identical table mats in the shape of a parallelogram. Each table mat has a base of 27 cm and an area of 572 cm?. The height of each table mat is cm. © Dad has bought 20 donuts. + of them are strawberry flavoured and z are chocolate flavoured. @ There are [strawberry flavoured donuts and chocolate flavoured donuts Q altogether. © The difference in number between the strawberry flavoured donuts and the chocolate flavoured donuts is Me © Mum has prepared some jelly. In the figure on the right, each cup of jelly is a : = 4 ( cylinder / cone / prism ), its horizontal cross sections are @ The weight of each cup of jelly is 7 g. 6 cups of jelly weigh as s Zz altogether.Dim Sum 10th Anniversary Special Special $20 Medium: Dim Sum Record Card42 Do you still remember? A mathematical expression with one or more unknowns is called an algebraic A mathematical statement which shows two things equal in value and contains one or more unknowns is called an equation. Leave it blank if it is neither an algebraic expression oor an eqlation. Look at the following items. Put a‘/’ in the box next to an algebraic expression. Put a ‘0’ in the box next to an equation. r+2 30+ 7J=21 16-4=12 Ce Let's look at how to write an algebraic expression ° for the number of cubes in each qui 1) & Each row has 7 cubes. There are » rows and 4 cubes altogether. p rows of cubes TTD) tabvowhn 7s amore ei Joni ; TTD | ows (7p-+4) cubes altogether | ; (7p +4) cubes altogether | Thy If p=4, there are (7 x 4 + 4) cubes altogether tH If p = 6, there are (7 x 6 + 4) cubes altogether r. r.by There are 3 cubes and 4 rows. Each row has ¥ cubes. Seats few Faber 6 te 4”) cubes altogether Youbesin If Y= 10, there are cubes altogether. each row if y= 19, there are (3-44 X 12) cubes altogether. ee K cubes. “1/40 bags of cubes ‘Keubes in each bag Takelawayisicibes: ye (10K — 5) cubes left If K = 13, cubes are left. K= 15, (10 x 15 = 5) cubes are left. Give an algebraic expression for each of the following. ® @ There is Wg of sugar in each bag. and b bags ua) an vl of jelly altogether of sugar is left.2 There are D cubes in a bag. wea sf Then, Jordan gives 3 of his cubes to Jenna. Jordan has (2-3) cubes now.| Jenna has (4? + 3) cubes now. | If D = 12, Jordan has es cubes now, Jenna has Bes cubes now. If D = 24, Jordan has As) cubes now, Jenna has Ars) cubes now. Give an algebraic expression for each of the following, There is E millilitres of orange juice in one carton. Mum pours 4 of the carton of orange juice into Bella's glass and 4. of the carton into Jerry's glass. i hac Then, I pours 50 mt ‘of orange juice into Jerry's glass. -»> } | e we Bella's glass Jerry's glass ® Bella has Jerry has of orange juice now. of orange juice now.3 w cubes are divided equally into 2 bags. There are a cubes in each bag. @ take 4 cubes from the first bag é 5 = abel p& cubes and put them into the second bag. i‘ pers?) eee) ] ? First bag Second bag There are (7-— 4) cubes in the fst bog. | There are y+ 4) cubes inthe second bag | thw =10,there ore 424 cubesin thefist bag, there ore 12 + 4 cubes nthe second bog. Iw = 14, there are cubes in the first bag, there ore HE + 4 cubes in the second bag. Give an algebraic expression for each of the following. There are m candies in a bag. They are shared equally among Bella, Then, I give 3 of my Holman, Jordan and Haley. candies to Haley. » Holman has ' | candies now. \ Haley has ( ' candies now. ' Reasoning Narrarey Which of the following is equal to 30 + @ + 5? 30, 1 30x 5 B. 5 @ ic .Application of Algebraic Expressions Preview™* Give an algebraic expression for each of the following. © ‘Add 4 to the product of 5 and 7” @® ‘Subtract 8 from 2 times m’ 9 9 Write algebraic expressions according to information given for the answers. %, @ ‘Subtract 6 from L times 3 @ ‘Add 3 to 4 of ee _) Wayne spent P minutes to complete his homework. The time Macy spent on her homework was 7 minutes more than 2 times that of Wayne. How many minutes did Macy spend on her homework? The time Wayne spent on his homework is an unknown quantity: P minutes 2 times the time Wayne spent: P + P = P x 2, that is 2P minutes _ Macy spent (2? +7) minutes on her homework.) -—~ — ( (P minates|P mines 2 Carrie has 6 bags of beads, with s beads in each bag. She uses 38 beads to make a bracelet. How many beads are left? — The number of beads in each bag is an unknown quantity: s Total number of beads: s x 6, that is 6s acre) (6s — 38) beads are left. 3 Acircular jogging track iss 1 im long. Alan runs 3 km, and then jogged B rounds along the track. How long has he run and al in nt, a The number of rounds Alan has jogged is an unknown eT B founds Alan has jogged: = A x B, that is 5 km ‘Alan has run and jogged @a+8 2) km,4) Mrs Cheung had $N at first. She spent ; ‘of her money to buy vegetables and fruits. If she spent $22 on vegetables, how much did she spend on fruits? The amount of money Mrs Cheung had at first is an unknown quantity: $V fot the orginal amount of mney: nx4 q: that is St 4 She ea st 4 ~ 22) on fruits. Sy Mandy had 7 candies and Charles had 5 candies at first. Mandy gave half of the candies she had to Charles, then she ate 2. Now how many candies do Mandy and Charles have respectively? =~ tcandies The number of candies Mandy had at first is an unknown quantity: ¢ candies Half of the number of candies Mandy bod at first: 12, that is > candies Now Mandy has & ~ 2) candies, and Charles has (5 + 5) candies According to the information given, write algebraic expressions for the answers. @® Winnie's saving is $d. Ronald's saving is $5 less than 3 times Winnie's saving. Ronald’s saving is g oO @ There was 1 kg of flour at home at first. Mum buys R boxes of flour, each weighing + kg, There is kg of flour at home now. @ There are v cookies in a tin. + of them are butter cookies, Jackson eats 12 butter cookies. There are[ || || || |/_ | butter cookies left. @ Clara has 20 marbles and Peter has K marbles. Peter gives half of his marbles to Clara. Now Clara has [_ | |_| marbles.cee VY Give an algebraic expression for each of the following. CONCOEt Rit ICA on TOR n CR cenee ‘Subtract 12 from the product of 7 and 7’ @ ‘add M1 to J of w ‘Add 20 to the fraction showing D divided by 6’ @ ‘Subtract 5 from 4 off” 9 According to the information given, write algebraic expressions for the answers. Astore has e boxes of juice. There are 24 bottles of juice in each box. There are 15 more bottles of soft drinks than juice, so there are bottles of soft drinks. ©) A farmer divides h oranges equally into 6 boxes. After that, he finds 4 rotten oranges in one of the boxes. There are [ good oranges in this box, oO One bag of dried mango weighs T g. The weight of one bag of dried pineapple is 28 g more than $ of that of dried mango. One bag of dried pineapple weighs Lig — 48 There are 36 fish balls in each bag. There are k beef balls in 3 bags, and each bag holds the same number of beef balls. Dad buys one bag of each of fish balls and beef balls, and there are fish balls and beef balls altogether. 8 A pastry chef had G dozens of eggs at first. He used 45 eggs in the morning. There are eggs left. Bella has a roll of ribbon that is d m long and gives 3}; of it to Jery. Jerry uses 3 mof the ribbon for gift wrapping, and 5 m for making ribbon flowers. He has m of ribbon left,‘The two sides of the balance ‘re balanced. I am taking away some objects from both sides. have to work on the part “+ 3'first, Then, we can find the unknown quantity. QW Solve the equation 2m + 3 = 9. OHi+3=9 After subtracting 3 Bil+3-3=9-3 fromboth sides, ‘2m is left on the LHS. dm _ 8° pp 2p = 5 Divide both sides by 2 = 3 Finally, the value of mis found. m _f_ 990 _, 3 is the solution of the equation ‘2 +3 = 9. 49$7255 After adding 2 to both sides, G2F2=5+2 -Crictefton the LHS, Bo! 27 £627 %6 Multiply both sides by 6, e=42 When solving an equation, note which part we have " { work on first. Then add to, subtract from, multiply or divide both sides of the equation with the same suitable number each time, until the unknown quantity is found. i SOPOT ER PROS J 2% let's try solving the following equations. _& Solve the equation 5 += 9. “5 has to be worked on first. 5+$= 9 I subtract 5 from both sides. 5+5-5=9-5 Se. pn4 Ss ral =4[ s= by Solve the equation 3¥ — 6 = 12 3Y-6=12 Work ot 3Y-6+6=12+6 3Y= sy__1_J uA Checking: When Y=,Solve the following equations and check your answers. 3x+4=13 oO +2 Checking: When x =| Checking: Whenm=[__|LHS.=EEEEED sowing Problems by using Equations : Preview Circle the suitable equation for each question, and solve the equation. @_ Add 8 to the product of 2 and U, the result is 20. What is the value of U? (2x8+U=20 / 2U+8=20 / 2+8U=20 ), U=| @ Subtract 5 from the fraction showing w divided by 6, the result is 7. ‘What is the value of w? 5=7)w ce L) Jenna pays $17 in total to buy 4 pencils and 1 eraser. What is the price of each pencil? The price of each pencil is an unknown, quontity. We use a letter to represent it. : = Mims Let the price of each pencil be Se. 4 pencils cost. ex 4, that is 4e 4 pencils and 1 eraser cost in total: ‘pays $17 in total’ Let the price of each pencil be $e. 4e+5=17 Checking: 4e+5-5=17-5 The price of each pencil is $3. 4e=12 3x4=12 Ae _12 4 penails cost $12. 474 eee: The price of each eraser is $5 12+5=17 Jenny should pay $17 in total «". The price of each pencil is $3. After solving a problem by using equation, we should check the answer by testing it in the original question rather than the equation.& Arestaurant had 8 sacks of noodles, with each sack containing the same number of bags at first. After using 12 bags of noodles in the morning, 28 bags are left. How many bags of noodles are there in each sack? Let there be /. bags of noodles in each sack. Quantity of noodles at first: ooP 4 bags|L bags / bags J. bags. bags|/. bags Z. bags| 1. bags uontity of the noodles left: 8L bags 8L-12 “28 bags are left’ 8L-12=28 Let there be L bags of noodles in each sack, Checking: 8L-12=28 There are 5 bags of noodles in each sack. 8L -12+12=28 +12 eee sO an=40 There are 40 bags of noodles at first. BL _ 40 After using 12 bags, 8 8 40-12=28 L=5 28 ba; left. 1. There are 5 bags of noodles in each sack. tala @_ Each bar of chocolate weighs 65 g. 4 bags of milk candies and 1 bar of chocolate cS weigh 385 g altogether. If each bag of milk candies has the same weight, how many grams does each bag of milk candies weigh? aw Chee!@ Michelle has just enough stamps to equally fill up 6 stamp cards. She gives 9 stamps to Joyce and 51 stamps are left. How many stamps can be pasted on each stamp cards? 3) Bella has some packs of stickers, with 16 stickers in each pack. Jerry has 9 more slckers than Bella, Jer has 79 stickers. How many packs of stickers does Bella have? SENSE —_-\ Let Bella has k packs of stickers. € Bella has stickers ¢ “the number #f pas of of anes Balla hes) \ 16 x k, that is 16k stickers Jemy has stickers: Let Bella has k packs of stickers. Checking: Not 278: Bella has 4 packs of stickers. 16k +9-9=73-9 fe anes 16k = 64 Bella has 64 stickers. 16k _ 16 16 Jerry has 9 more stickers than Bella. k=4 64+9=73 ~. Bella has 4 packs of stickers. Jerry has 73 stickers.Each lemon costs $4. Mum buys some lemons and a melon which costs $30, The cost of the melon is $6 more than the total cost of the lemons. How many lemons has Mum bought? 4y Miss Wong divides a pack of paper equally into 4 portions. Pauline has 6 sheets of paper at first. After getting one portion of the paper, Pauline has 14 sheets now. What is the number of sheets of paper are there in the pack? SE ——_____ ‘The number of sheets of paper in Let the number of sheets of paper in the pack be @. __the pack is an unknown quantity. Divided into 4 portions, Osheets each portion consists of: ] Now Pauline has paper: “Pauline has 14 sheets now’: Let the number of sheets of paper in the pack be Q. ‘Checking: ‘There are 32 sheets of paper in the pack. Itis divided into 4 portions. 6+2-6=14-6 3244=8 ‘There are 8 sheets of paper in each portion, 6+ 2-14 Pauline has 6 sheets at first. 6+8=14 Pauline has 14 sheets now. ". There are 32 sheets of paper in the pack. @a-Sy Girl scouts make up 3 of all scouts. 8 girl scouts wear glasses, while 16 girl scouts do not wear glasses. How many scouts are there? The number of scouts is ‘an unknown quantity.) Let there be p scouts. 1 . 3 of all scout Number of girl scouts: SASL Sus —<\!"_aa—t scouts Number of girl scouts not wearing glasses: donot 8 weor glasses wear glasses Let there be p scouts. > Checking: E-8=16 There are 72 scouts. + of them are E-8+8=16+8 (ele 72X34 =24 & =24 There are 24 girl scouts. Bxg=2ax3 8 girl scouts wear glasses. 24-8=16 p=72 16 girl scouts do not wear glasses. ~" There are 72 scouts. Can you set up another equation to solve the problem? Have a try. Solve the following problems by the method of solving equations. Go Elder brother has 18 game cards at first. Mum shares a set of game cards equally among the three brothers. Now elder brother has 26 game cards altogether. «a How many game cards are there in the set? iat @ InClass 5A, girls make up + of all students; 6 girls do not go to school by school bus, while 12 girls take the school bus. What is the number of students in Class 5A?Solve the following equations. COC SORNOEE COWOHHEE VORNOOE et wenee 5 © 5r+8=43 @ 4c-12=36 fz= Baye 8 5 7=3 e 5 til 22 © 19+9N=46 © 27=7-15 a Petes @ %=F+10 @ 4=5-58 Solve the following problems by the method of solving equations. @ Dad paid $21 in total to buy some pineapple buns and 1 sausage bun. How many pineapple buns did he buy? of erasers. After selling 49 erasers, 47 are left. What is the number of erasers in A stationery store has 6 boxes of erasers at first. Each box holds the same oe each box? Sara takes 4 of a bag of balloons, and then takes 5 from the remaining balloons. She, has taken 10 balloons altogether. How many balloons are there in the bag at first? @ There are 14 stamps on the first page of Cyrus’ stamp album. The remaining 7 pages of the stamp album has the same number of stamps each. Altogether) there are 98 stamps in the album. Except for the first page, how many stamps bz) there on each of the remaining pages? @® Timothy's age this year is half his uncle’s age. Timothy will be 25 years old after 6 years. What is his uncle’s age this year? Mr Cheung spent 26 seconds less than him in completing one round in @ MrLee spent several minutes to complete one round along the jogging track. ei 394 seconds. How many minutes did Mr Lee spend? @ There were three sections in a speed calculation contest. The points Gary got in the first section is 3 times that he got in the second section, and got 32 more Q points in the second section than in the third section. He got 46 points in the third section. How many points did Gary get in the first section?_L When writing an algebraic expression, we can omit the multiplication signs and express divisions in fraction form to make the expression simpler and clearer. For example: QD 7Xpt4= ta iby Ax10-5=10A-5 1 D 2Q= Y Dx3z-3=3-3 Qh Bt wt2=8+H 2 When solving an equation, note which part we should work on first. For example: 3Y¥-6+6=12+6 3y=18 3Y 18 ayers) 3) When solving a problem, we can use a letter to represent the unknown quantity first. Then, write an equation and solve it. During checking, put the solution of the equation into original question rather than the equation. For example: Arestaurant had 8 sacks of noodles, with each sack containing the same number of bags at first. After using 12 bags of noodles in the moming, 28 bags are left. How many bags of noodles are there in each sack? Let there be L bags of noodles in each sack. eee Poole each 8L-12=28 vie BL —12+12=28+12 eee 8L =40 There are 40 bags of noodles at first SL 40 After using 12 bags, Ls 40-12=28 «". There are 5 bags of noodles in each sack. 28 bags are left.Contest of intelligence and strength Bella, Holman and Jordan has joined a contest that tests both intelligence and strength. Jordan gets h points in Round 1. He gets 19 points in Round 2, which is 7 points more than half of the points he gets in Round 1. Which of the following equations can we use to find the points Jordan gets in Round 1? A.2h+7=19 B.2h-7=19 A h cA+7=19 o.4-7=19 (19e In Round 2, Holman gets 16 points. Bella gets 4 points fewer than 2 times the points Holman gets. Bella gets points in Round 2. Round 3 is the toss-up questions. Two questions are shown below. Write suitable equations and answer the questions. @ Dadis A years old this year. His age is 3 times his son’s. If his son will be 28 years old after 13 years, how old is Dad this year? COE CELL OEE LE CEL OOOOEC EEL EOE canee 98 Equation: Dad is| years old this year. © The length of a side of a square is f cm. A rectangle is formed after adding 3.cm to each of a pair of opposite sides. The perimeter of the rectangle is 26 cm. What is the length of a side of the original square? 3on IL] [| COE COO COOE LE Ce eovee Equation| The length of a side of the original square is’ cm. 8@ Round 4 is a basketball shooting contest. Each contestant can shoot as many times as he/she can within a time limit. The number of successful shots Jordan has made is 3 fewer than half of that of Holman. Jordan has made 15 successful shots. Find the number of successful shots Holman has e made by the method of solving an equation. (Show your working) Prd © Bella, Holman and Jordan have the best performance in the contest. The following compound bar chart shows the points they get for intelligence and strength. The points Bella, Holman and Jordan get for intelligence and strength Diintelligence Strength Holman Jordan Contestants According to the bar chart, answer the following questions. @ ___ ® © gets the highest points for intelligence. He gets points. For strength, the difference between the highest and lowest points is! The one who gets the highest total points for intelligence and strength is {he champion. The champion of the contest of intelligence and strength isa ia EESEED knowing and Comparing Volumes Gomacting__1: Which thaollow rg stots has the laqest raat Which one hes the sest area? Write 1 to 3 in the boxes according to the size of the area of each sticker. ; 1 stands for the smallest and 3 stands for the largest. | i i i i i i i i i i \ | | | | | | | | | | / Ceecioes = LD Which of the following toys occupies the most space? Which one occupies the least space? Write 1 to 3 in the boxes according to the amount of space each toy occupies. 1 stands for the smallest and 3 stands for the largest. Every object (for example, a toy) occupies space. _ The amount of space occupied by an object is _called the volume of t the object. ‘ S ‘Area shows the si Volume shows the si trond 62_2) Comparing volumes through observation ‘Awatermelon occupies a larger amount of space, so the volume of a watermelon is larger. ‘An apple occupies a smaller amount of space, so the volume of an apple is smaller. Liquids and gases also occupy space. They have volume too. » FN J Volume of orange juiceMaths in [fe Waste disposal Why is the carton printed with the suggestion ‘Flatten Before Disposal’? The carton will take up less space when flattened. Therefore, before we throw empty cartons of drinks, empty aluminum cans or empty plastic bottles, flatten them first. Then the rubbish bins can store more rubbish! The cartons of paper-packed drinks contain a plastic or aluminum interior coating, so don't ‘throw them into the recycle bins for ‘Waste Paper Only’!These two boxes of cookies look quite similar in size. It is difficult to tell through observation. Is there a more accurate method to compare their volumes? Expressing volumes in standard units gives uniform measurement results so that we can tell the size of objects more accurately, and compare volumes more conveniently. 652 Cubic centimetre (cm*) and cubic metre (m*) » = ©) { The unit for area measurement is square centimetre (cm’). . wv. What is the unit for volume measurement? an por a standard unit of volume. Cubic centimetre can be written as cm’. han § A cube of edge 1 cm has a volume of j 1 cubic centimetre (1 cm’). Ton oe LD ED rn Piero dS The volume of the minibus model Tm holding is about 100 cubic centimetres. The minibus behind us is much bigger. If we show its ral ‘we use “cubic metre’ to volume in cubic centimetre, it will show a large volume. be a huge number! ‘Cubi Cubic metre can be written as m°. A cube of edge 1 m has a volume of 1 cubic metre (1 m*).-& look at how big 1 cubic metre is. im im 1 metre (m) = 100 centimetres (cm) Each edge of a cube of volume 1m? has the same length os 100 cubes each of side 1 cm Tm combined. STEM Making a framework of 1 cubic metre (1 m*) @ Work in groups of four. Make 12 sticks of length 1 metre each by rolling sheets of newspaper. ao @ Use adhesive tape to join the ends of the sticks to make a cubic framework of side 1 metre. —— | a @® When finished, students may go into ‘the framework one by one. See how big 1 cubic metre is.Let's look at some objects in daily life Should their volume be shown in cubic centimetre or cubic metre? & Cubic centimetre (cm®) is more suitable for showing the volume of the following objects. go b) Cubic metre (m*) is more suitable for showing the volume of the following Alarge truck Aferry A __ Abuilding fo show smaller volume, ‘cubic centimetre (cm*)’ as the unit. To show larger volume, it is more convenient to use “cubic metre (my as the unit See OR Rs DAR EIFS use Put a‘/” in the box next to the unit more suitable for showing the volume of each object below. ® Apapaya @® Anaeroplane @® Acake m? m? |__|em? |__|cm? cm?Preview™® Count the number of cubes that make up the following 3-D shapes. oO @ Co cubes oO LD) The following 3-D shapes are all made up of cubes each of volume 1 cm’. 3-D shape X is made up of 6 cubes. The volume of each cube is 1 cm’, so its volume is 6 cm’. 3-D shape Y is made up of 13 cubes. Its volume is 13 cm?. 3-D shape Z is made up of 12 cubes. Its volume is 12 cm?. Arrange the 3-D shapes above from the largest volume to the smallest: 3-D shape Y, 3-D shape Z, 3-D shape XFind the volume of the following 3-D shapes. (The volume of each cube is 1 cm*.) com jo Arrange the 3-D shapes above from the smallest volume to the largest. (Write the letters for the answers.) 3-D shape |, 3-D shape ,3-Dshape| _| cm? 22 activity: Estimating volume + Work in pairs. Estimate the volume of the following objects using cubes op of volume 1 cm. Oo 447 @ ®@ cm? cm cm* * When finished, share your experience with your partner and check the answers. Horm a solid similar in shape and size to the box with cubes of volume 1 cm’. I use it to estimate the volume of the box. =m - / kg / km / cm? ) @ Alemon (L/ m® / kg / km / cm ) Find the volume of each 3-D shape below. (The volume of each cube is lcm’, oe ) gags cm*® cm* cm* cm* cm ® Arrange the 3-D shapes above from the largest volume to the smallest. (Write the letters for the answers.) 3-D shape! 3-D shape|__| 3-D shape Calculate. © The volume of each LA is 30 cm’ Vim] The jewel box is about Ff as big. gs - fay The volume of the jewel box is about|< 14 Finding Volurr ' Preview In a bookstore, the shopkeeper arranges some dictionaries in the following way. How many dictionaries are there altogether? There are, -, 2rows oe 3 dictionaries in each row CI There are| dictionaries altogether. @ _L The cuboid on the right is made up of cubes of volume 1 cm’. 3 rows ineachlayer —_intotal.} 4x3x5 For a cuboid made up of cubes =60 ‘of volume 1 cm®, what is the The cuboid is made up of 60 cubes, relation between the number cr so the volume of the cuboid is 60 cm*. of cubes along an edge and t the length of the edge? 7 Ziv SVolta cf Ctbeies The cuboids below are made up of cubes each of volume 1 cm*, and the lengths of different edge are labelled as length, width and height. Can we use the length, width and height of the cuboids to find their volume? em ee . cee” ia A Width ‘Width ion Tength £8, GED work in pairs. Count the number of cubes that make up each cuboid and write down the volume. After that, find the length, width and height of each cuboid and record the results below. What is the relation between the length, width and height of a cuboid and its volume? CETL yt tenner ttemat ee Volume of a cuboid = Length (_) Width (_) Height oO | The volume of the cuboid is cm*.__ The volume of the cuboid is le a® Al 2 Bella places a box in different ways to observe its length, width and height. Height ‘Width Length Length ‘Width deciding the base, we can determine the lenath r ‘ond width, and the corresponding height as well. “ee ) 3) The cuboid on the right has a length of 7 m, a width of 200 cm and a height 3 m. What is its volume? (fer When doing calculation, the FN 200 cm 7m length, width and height should be in the same unit. 200 cm = 2m. 7x2x3 =42 Its volume is 42 m*. What is the volume of the following cuboid in m*? (Show your working) cm =| m The volume of the cuboid is. m.I know the volume, and the length and width of this cuboid, How can I find its height? an 10cm Use the following relation to calculate the length, or width, or height of a cuboid. 420+10+7 Length of a cuboid =42+7 Width of a cuboid Its height is 6 cm. SY Volume of a cube 14m ‘ cube is a cuboid with its length, width and height equal. am ‘4m Therefore, the volume of this cube = Length x Width x Height = 4x 4 x 4 (Edge length x Edge length x Edge length) = 64 (m’) preteen annnereensneneensanteenentibannenszamanenss ®@ A cuboid is 8 cm long and 5 cm wide. Its volume is 280 cm®. What is its height? @ Acuboid is 6 cm wide and 7 cm high. Its volume is 504 cm®. What is its length? ® Find the volume of the following cubes. Show your working. © @ ® 6am The volume of the cube is le 2 The volume of the cube isPreview™* Draw a dotted line on each 3-D shape below to dissect it into two shapes, each either a cube or a cuboid. F, Ho LD The dissection method can be dissected into can be (fa dissected into # (9 :2 Dissect the following 3-D shapes into cubes or cuboids, and then calculate the ~apy volume of the whole 3-D shape. 3cm et 2 3cm _/ Dissect the 3-D shape into _ cube A and cuboid B. \ son ‘ 6cm j \ ! ‘4m A 5am a 3x3x3=27 The volume of cube A is 27 cm*. 5x4x6=120 The volume of cuboid B is 120 cm?. 27 +120 = 147 The volume of the whole 3-D shape is 147 cm’. | The volume of the whole 3-D shape The volume of the whole 3-D shape is 296 cm*. ‘. ‘ Dissect the 3-D shape into yi | cuboids C and D. || cuboids E and F ' ' ' (S+6)cm : 4m it it A St ea 1 ———? : 1 ' (6+4)em — 6om th lt ae am "San i) iat % cm { wi Sem | (6+4)x5x4=200 ) | 6x5x4=120 | The volume of cuboid C is 200 cm’. ' | The volume of cuboid E is 120 cm*. 1 ‘ | 6xX4x4=96 | | G+6)x4x4=176 | The volume of cuboid D is 96 cm. 1 | The volume of cuboid F is 176 cm’. 1 : | 200 + 96 = 296 | | 1204176 =296 yt ah ‘\is 296 cm’.Besides using the dissection method, we can also use the filing method to calculate the volume of an irregular 3-D shape. Take a look at how to form anew shape! 4) Form a cube or cuboid from the following 3-D shape, and then calculate the volume of the original 3-D shape. — Soe DL pot “Flin cuboid M to form cuboid N. ~~. / Js Oo; er 1 oft 4 la.cm / Calculate the volume of cuboid N, and then \ ‘ subtract from tthe volume of the cuboid} seam" \ filled in (cuboid M).. é cm } ¢ \ 4cm, \ (+4) em " \ 3 6)em fem, 7 (5+6)x(6+4)x4=440 — The volume of cuboid N is 440 cm*. 6xX6x4=144 The volume of cuboid Mis 144 cm’. 440 — 144 = 296 The volume of the original 3-D shape is 296 cm*.120-27 = 5X 4x6=120 The volume of cuboid Y is 120 cm’. 3x3x3= The volume of cube X is 27 cm*. 27 93 The volume of the original 3-D shape is 93 cm?. Con we find the volume of the 3-D shape by using the .) ) dissection method? The volume of The volume of cuboid B is is The volume of the whole 3-D shape 98 80Preview» A cuboid gift box is 25 cm long, 20 cm wide and 15 cm high. What is its volume? D Acuboid is formed from 5 cubes each of edge 6 cm. What is the volume of this cuboid in cm*? The cuboid formed: earn Ll | 1 iy. 6cm 6cm6cm 6cm 6cm Are there any other calculation method? 3 ea = 1080 The volume of this cuboid is 1080 cm. | 63 cm y \ The cuboid formed from the net: 24x9x6 = 1296 The volume of the cuboid is 1296 cm*.(3 The interior of a cuboid plastic container is 10 cm long, 8 cm wide and 6 cm high. If cubic blocks each of edge 2 cm are put into the container, at most how many blocks can the container hold? rece r mii The edge along the length can hold: The edge along the width can hold: The edge along the height can hold: (10 = 2) x (8+ 2) x (62) =5x4x3 =60 The container can hold at most 60 blocks. Go Each cuboid paper box is 13 cm long, 8 cm wide and 2.5 cm high. If 3 of such ka Answer paper boxes are stacked up, what is the total volume of the solid formed in cm*? Bem @ The net on the right can be folded into a cuboid, oi what is the volume of the cuboid in cm?? ie fa om |G Semi [Sem sem! 26am @ The interior of a cuboid paper box is 30 cm long, 20 cm wide and 20 cm high. If @ oo cubic products each of edge 5 cm are put into the container, at most how many products can the container hold?Volume of prisms 2, A triangular prism is shown on the right. Its base is a right-angled triangle. 6cm| Two of this triangular prism can form a cuboid: — The volume of this cuboid is Eo oy x 4 x 6) cm’, Volume of the cuboid ae 5xK4x6+2=(5X4=2)x6 =60 The volume of each triangular prism is 60 cm*. To calculate the volume of a prism, we may simply multiply the area of its base by its height. Volume of a prism = Area of the base x Height “> tet Ph ori pit rghit hated saben Pai 2, Let's try! (That isthe area of the > © parallelogram on the left The area of the base is| cm’. The volume of the prism is|___] om’@ BeBe Find the volume of the following 3-D shapes. Show your working. The volume of the cuboid is om. The volume of the cube is : © S&S 7ism, & o —_ fe 3 cm 9m @ - 8 e 2emje 3 Tem eo Bem 2m 3 cm bem The volume of cuboid Cis The volume of cuboid D is The volume of cube E is The volume of the whole 3-D shape is |© The length of an edge of a cubic paper box is 9 cm. What is its volume in cm?? Solve the following problems and show your working. A cuboid shipping container is 12 m long, 24 m wide and 23 m high. What is its volume in m°?, to make the 3-D shape on the right. What is the volume of the 3-D shape in cm*? Holman uses 4 cubic blocks each of edge 8 cm ga The length and width of a cuboid are both 6 cm. Its height is 2 times its length. of the volume of this cuboid, The volume of a cuboid plank is 800 cm*. If the plank is 0.5 m long and 4 cm high, what is its width in cm? — acm The net above can be folded into a cuboid. What is the volume of the cuboid in cm*? The length, width and height of a cuboid wooden block are shown below: 2c cm oem © |falargest possible cube is cut out from this wooden block, what is the volume of the cube in cm*? © At most how many such cubes can be cut out from the wooden block?a The amount of space occupied by an object is called the volume of the object. _2) Comparing volumes through observation A watermelon occupies a larger amount of space, so the volume of a watermelon is larger. An apple occupies a smaller amount of space, so the volume of an apple is smaller. _& Units of volume Cubic centimetre is a standard unit of volume. It can be written as cm’. A cube of edge 1 cm has a volume of 1 cubic centimetre (1 cm*). “Cubic metre’ is a unit of volume larger than ‘cubic centimetre’. It can be written as m°. A. cube of edge 1 m has a volume of 1 cubic metre (1 m*). 4) To show smaller volume, it is more convenient to use cubic centimetre (cm*) as the unit. To show larger volume, it is more convenient to use cubic metre (m*) as the unit. Y» & Volume of a cuboid = Length x Width x Height 5x4x3 13. cm =60 The volume of the cuboid is 60 cm*. Acm scm ao * What are the advantages and disadvantages of this method of representation of numbers?@ Use Arabic numerals to write the following numbers represented by counting rods. © 271 ®-mtm Oli m @ Represent the following numbers by counting rods, using one stroke to stand for one counting rod. @ 514 © 62039 BCU 3) The traditional Chinese numerals Later, counting rods gradually became the traditional Chinese numerals. “1° stands for 2 ue Hy i To show which oh Bi place ‘| "isin “6 ' stands for 5 “7% is unit, it stands for dollar The price for a watermelon is $2: o.b) Let’s see how the traditional Chinese numerals are used to represent numbers. stands for $13 the ‘1|" on the uc left end is in the ft stands for $204 hundreds place ‘What are the similarities and differences between the traditional Chinese numerals and the counting rods? To show that the‘ ’ on the left end is in the thousands place stands for $5030 © Write the answers to the following questions in Arabic numerals. Tes” “ie @ &xpress the following numbers in traditional Chinese numerals. ® $1278Complete the following table. |_| ares | yl Elaborate form of Chinese numerals 1070 485 Use Arabic numerals to write the following numbers represented by counting rods. @1T omens @+ =T CO C4 8 CO Represent the following numbers by counting rods, using one stroke to stand for one counting rod. @ 778 @ 50692 a Write the answers to the following questions in Arabic numerals. stands for $1 Qo stands for $1 stands for $| 9G Express the following numbers in traditional Chinese numerals. a @ $2700 fa] $40 650 B+ | of @ Fill in the blanks, @® A shop assistant of a grocery store has written the price ao ‘on a price tag as -S by mistake. What is the difference between the two amounts? (Show your working) The difference between the two amounts is $1 1. 98 OBRoman Nu Preview» What numbers do II, VI, IX and XII on the clock face on the right stand for respectively? This clock uses Roman numerals to express numbers from 1 to 12. The time it shows is six fifteen. 2 Before the 13th Century, Roman numerals were commonly used in Europe. There are seven basic symbols in Roman numerals: Roman numerals express numbers by the rule ‘subtract the left and add the right’. Let's see how the numbers are written. I Ml m1 1 1+1=2 1414153 VI x.) 5+1=6 | 1O+1=11 Vv vO vl Ik x x) 5-1=4 J on 54+2=7 | to-1=9 F110 F 10+ 2=12) VIIL Xill EHS BY 10+3=13)_3) Let’s see how the following numbers in Arabic numerals are expressed in Roman numerals. “| 70| 80 | 90 XX XK XL ow _ «x 0x 2 xc | ie 0 | 00 oe Bey iagiailos a 4) Let's see how the following numbers are expressed in Roman numerals. 200 2] =| | 400 eo ae D x VII 518 is DXVIIL 2969 = si i + *P + - + ; MM cM Lx Xx 2969 is MMCMLXIX. 401 is CDI. & Use Arabic numerals to express the following numbers in Roman numerals. & MMMDCCCXLIX 704 LXXIV is 74. 3000 800 409 MMMDCCCXLIX is 3849.& Application of Roman numerals Today, Roman numerals are quite often used con clock face designs. It is also used to show the year of production of objects or year of construction of buildings and structures. Express a year in Arabic numeral: stands for the year 1742 © Aillin the blanks. @ Write the following years in Arabic numerals. ° GED ° GED ° ED Year Year| Year| ‘Among the Chinese numerals, traditional Chinese numerals, Roman numerals and Arabic numerals, which do you think is the best? Which is the next? Why?The year of production of this TV show is = The pavilion shown on the right was constructed in 1996. Write its year of construction in Roman numerals in the box. Write the present year in Roman numerals: _ Think and draw. Add two black lines to form a reasonable expression.athematl ail. Languag, Module 6 Division and Mixed Arithmetic Operations of Fractions cam ® reciprocal Module 7 Algebraic Expressions and Simple Equations (2) ©) unknown quantity algebraic expression €J) simple equation © solution solving equation ® equal © equality sign © checking .. iS the solution of the equation ... . 103