HEREDITY

INHERITANCE &
VARIATION
 genetics
Science that
deals with
heredity and
variation.
 HEREDITY
It is also called
inheritance or
biological inheritance.
It is the passing on of
traits from parents to
off spring.
 VARIATION
It is the difference
in DNA sequence
between individuals
within a
population
 The family picture below shows how some traits
of the parents blend into the traits of the offspring.
Can you identify some of the traits?
INHERITED VS ACQUIRED
A trait or characteristics that is passed
INHERITED down from parents to offspring.

Something that picks up during his lifetime.

ACQUIRED It cannot be passed down to offspring
since it is not genetically based.
 CHROMOSOME
CELL

NUCLEUS DNA
 WHAT IS DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a
molecule that carries genetic
information in living organisms.
it is the blueprint of every
organism
 FUN FACT
DNA is unique to
each person.
DNA STRUCTURE
The building block of DNA is called nucleotides
and each nucleotide is compose of one
phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar attached
to a phosphate group and nitrogen-containing
base. The bases used are adenine (A), cytosine
(C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
The twisted ladder
shape is called a
double helix.
 LOCATION & TYPE OF SUGAR
DNA can be found in the cell nucleus but
small amount of DNA can also be found in
the mitochondria and the sugar of DNA is
deoxyribose.
What does dNA look like?
The bases of DNA pair with
each other in a
Adenine Thymine
predictable way.
A ALWAYS PAIRS WITH T
Cytosine Guanine C ALWAYS PAIRS WITH G
 WHAT DOES THE
CODE TRANSLATE TO?
A, C, G and T occurs in different combinations
to code for a specific amino acid.

Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins. This

means our DNA codes for different proteins that perform
specific functions in our body.
 RNA stands for
ribonucleic acid.

RNA
Like DNA, it is also a
nucleic acid.

ribonucleic acid
 Unlike DNA, RNA is a single
stranded molecule. Second, RNA
has ribose sugar component. Third,
RNA is found at the cytoplasm of
the cell. Lastly, RNA also has four
nitrogen bases but instead of
thymine (T), RNA contains a
similar base called Uracil (U) that
pairs with Adenine (A) and Guanine
(G) that pairs with Cytosine.
The bases of RNA pair with
each other.

A ALWAYS PAIRS WITH U

G ALWAYS PAIRS WITH C
HOW PROTEIN IS
MADE USING THE
INFORMATION
FROM DNA