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Java OOP Concepts Cheat Sheet

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
236 views10 pages

Java OOP Concepts Cheat Sheet

Uploaded by

Ankit Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Usngremaes yuan reuse esing Teatwestoensingcassetnoutonnveg Ryonandngntvough te nndee seraimnetnee mpemaned 28 , sates, , t sémensena , eansepartgteactrontha tal ~ vngabracon yuseneony esi + inn abt eet by t t 7 t 1 coring Cnt erent 1 ‘ 7 7 Pymearsman on MoS means {ome stanyinguhicsac maple forms ced srplynepho, 1 treampetercenetems yey ke miles ak 5 poymo7sn. + inev mereve totes! ‘omarpem-staepoymorssmand ‘imamcpmopir ¥ tye ore rhmention oyna ¥ Opec veoxangnatederoetng ‘tcacnctr vedere at seorpisatnsteonynorton ' ' + sovensysherrownpeymertonst frtretctchedrene amon + tatodoveringthebescxarlact ‘ymamepmepnsn. ni epee spent ge in ed, ‘enc =rer sce seacoast ' 7 aneigotataardoertonsiobe pestormedonthat atta sng tie fcapatonin nn conbe scheveby ‘egos net lepers wnacegon tose seedy dengan ‘orale ste on pow pe t pbesosesumere rare) ' java.lang.String Methods Strings Basics What are strings? Strings are nothing but the sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes. For example, "ABC", "eye", "123" otc How strings are represented in Java? Tn some other Fanguages, strings are reprasentad a3 array of charactara, But in Java, stags are represented as objects of javatlang.String class. How do you create string objects in Java? ‘There are two ways to create string objects in save 1 Using String Uterals String 21 = "ARC" 2) Using naw Operator String £1 = new String(“ABC"); String £2 = new Sting("12"); How string objects are stored in the memory? ‘Whenever you create string objacta using string iterale, those objects wil be stored fn string conatant pool and whenever you ereate string objects using new operator, auch objects ‘ull Be etored in normal heap memory String constant pool i a part of heap memory which Is especialy declested to stare sting Objects. 1UM allocates poo! space to an abject depending upon its content. There will be no ‘wo objects in the string constant poe! with \Whanever you create a string object using string taral, VM first checks contont of an object to bo created. If there exist an objact in ‘the pool with same content, then returns reference of that object. T dowsn’t craato now lbjact. Ifthe content & different from the existing objects then only & creates new object. Java.lang.string objects are immutable : java.lang.String objects, ether created using Sting itarals or using naw operator, are immutable in nature. That means, onca you Create a string object, you can't modify the contonts of that object. 1 you try to modify the contents of a string abjact, a now string object wil be created with modified contort ccarat() replace() comparetot) replaceAlt) coneat() replaceFist() contains() som) contentequals() subsequence() copyvaleor() substring() fendawith() ‘techararray() startaWth() toLowerCare() equal) teUppercase() fequalsignorecase() | trim) Format() vakieot() 10x01) laetindoxor() Java 8 : Itong) Join) lsempty() Fenath() Java 9: smatches() chars0) codePoints() javadang.StringBuffer Class java tang. StringBuffer clas fs used to create ‘mutable and thread-safe string objects. Tn father terms, this lass Is same as Javactang. String class except Rs objects are mutable. 1s not possible to create Stringauffer objects ising string Hera. You have to use new ‘operator to create Stringauffer objects. mportant Methods : append(), Insert), replace(), delete(), reverse(), length charat() and substring(), Java 11: iselank() fnes() opeat() stip) stripLoading() striptraiing() Java 15 formatted() strigindent) fransiatetscapes() gaya 12: indent() tranaform() ddescribecanstable() FesolveConstanDes() java.lang StringBuilder Class java.lang. StringBuilder dass fe used to craate ‘mutable and non thread-cafe string objects. In ‘other terms, this class Is same as Java.lang. StringBuffer class except its objects {are not thread-sare 1s alo not possible to create Stringbuilder fbjects using string fRerais. You have to ure ew operator to create Stringaulleer objects Important Methods : append(), Insert), replace(), delete(), reverse(), length) charat() and substring(), String Vs StringBuffer Vs StringBuilder ‘Objects can be created elther string StringBuffer ‘immutable Mutable Thread-sate Thread-safe through string eral or through new operator Objects can be created only through new operator StringBi mutable Not thread-safe Objects can be created only ‘through naw oporator, Objects are stored in string Objacts are stored in heap | Objects are storad in heap constant pool as wellas heap mamory only memory only, memory. Slower Slower Faster String Intern ‘String Itarn raferst string object in the string constant peo. Inteming Is the process of creating a string object in String Constant Pool which wil be exact copy of string object in heap memary. Intern() method of java.lang.String class Is used to perform interning lof heap string abject in string canstant pool creating an exact copy BEE war au eli ‘Array isa fixed size Index based data structure containing similar type of objects For example : intl] a = neve int{10] (nf an array of 10 integers) charf] ¢= new char{15] (aeis an array of 15 characters) ‘StringI] = = new String(20], (is an array of 20 strings) ‘arrays in Java ure zero-basae Indexing to store ‘oe elements where first element is stored at DO ingax, second slement at 3 index, thie slament at 2” index and 50 on, Ine] Intarray = (24, 15, 37, 53, 17) > indices ‘There are two ways to declare arrays in Java. are throe ways to intlize array laments, 41) Toitiaizing individual elements Intl] ntarray = new Int{S]; intarray(o] = 21; Inearray—t} Iintarray[2] Iinearray[s} inearrayTa] 2) Passing operator elements ata time with new Int] intarray = mow int{1 £24, 13,37,33, 173; 3) Passing all elements at a time without new operator intl] intarray = £24, 15, 37, 93, 17%; ‘There are two ways to traversean array. Int(] Imtarray = 424, 15, 37, 53, 17>; 1) Using for loop : for (Int § = 0; 1< intarray Jengthy; 1+) ements 2) Using advanced for loo for (int € intarray) ‘System.out printin( > Multidimensional arrays can be defined as arrays of arrays. ‘Two Dimensional Array : Int QL] twobimensionalArray = <1, 2, 3h 4, 5, Oh (7, 8 5 ‘Three Dimensional Array = I i srecinesisnrny = 660,29, 5.9,. 0.89), (do 14) 12), £43, 14, 15}, (16, 17, 18) J, {18,20 21F, £22, 25, 24), (25, 26, 2773 92 java.uti.Arrays classic an utility class which Contains many static methods to perform basic operations on an array. 41) sort( fed to sort an array. 2) stream() : Returns a stream containing all laments of 29 array. 3) spliterator() = Returns spiterator of an array 44) setAlK) : Iniazes 38 array. ants of an 5) f1N() = Fils the gWvon array wth the given value. 6) copyort) : Creates copy of an array. 2) astist() + Returns 2 Ist containing 38 Slaments of an aray. 8) binarysearch() : tis used to search an array forthe given vahe | Easy to use and implement ‘© Can old both primikive types as woll as reference types 4 Faster data retrieval Jagged Arrays: Jagged arrays are also multidimensional arrays Containing arrays of different length. 14, 2.3% £4, 5,6, 7% 8, 8, 10, 41, 12} 32 intlI0 jaggedAcray = Ustestring> lst Arrays.astist("One", "Two", "Three", "Four", "Five" Arrays.streaminew intl) (y 2-3, 4, 53)2 Intl) intarray = new Intl] (4, 2,2, 4, SI; System. cut pritinintarray.lonath): Hfourput = 5 “Anonymous array fs an array without reference new intl] 1, 2 3, 4 SP ‘cons = © Fined size © Not typa safe © No in-built methods Java Exception Handling Cheat Sheet Gjovaconceptoftheday.com) Ba: Types Of Exceptions Tit eran? Tie a ps oT Lcntonlsanainemalcnatonnhichocais | 4, cheidtuepons tte eacestons hare ceded dat comsaton st Sig eedindtipagier sn dat | te ee Se er ocr fo hunberomttaagtinthmatcacetha, | (epaaer ome TRaiEEERS Inravindosontondstxcapbon, Story dace competing Tey ac a henalS aE iatcaceato aerator, eras saphtincueme Taare inrasmune Screener OaoMemsyeorsc. | HERES SSG wepey amir] tes ese BST TORT Scot ning v0 Basse |Snee e fxepnin me a handed cach on | nhc aFN Gh eso ROTSRSESCR mares, Micuiesaiganennimeceeoaae | maul iewmciae slcimatnorae shore nial nee © SSS cin nea SE water, Tssckconthastaemmes wither —_| [HEH cman Se stunten throw exceptions dunpruntine. {atchecetion ) Hierarchy Of Exceptions javedang.Throwable i the super cles oral ype oferavsand exceptinsin va Th bockhandies the exceptions thrown bythe | ty block hae two sub larses fay 1 Javaang.trror: ite the superclass orl types of errors in 0. ‘fellate shen aneosicirisecan 2 Javadang.exception: 1s the super cls fr al yper of exceptions vs Exceoton Is thrown ornat and thrown exceton ‘ules To Follow while Writing try-catch-fnally Blocks: ty cateh and hay blocks form one unit {Ich blocks, finaly Block's optional. the bloc. + Afthere are mutile catch blocs, he onder of Ghblecs musthelron mostspedlete Genera ones lower classesin the lrarchy ff exceptiens must came ist and higher ‘asses ter Mtrycatehinaly blocks are supposedtoretuma | wimielamatacetin vabe nae) Cate blocks may ormaynotretum sale throw'Keyprort irouis Rerwire Winaty block does notretumavalue then | Throy Raynor ured to tow an ercenion ‘rena Keywords ueeao spec he exceptonstat tothtryand cach blocks mustretim avaue, | expe maybe thrown bythe method hay Boek overtdesretum dues om tt sri catch tock, wy raturatype method samearamete ft) throws nay Block be sivavs executedeven | ception at “ : though ryandcateniock are retuming te throw instanceof hrowabierype: t cont > some statements ‘teh instanceotTiromableType) , Frequently Occurring Exceptions | here exception ft ithe it of exceptonsthat é method mayehrow excentons muntbe seperated by "Ty nallpointerbxception occurs when vour comma. spplestontsesto acess nil abla hor, instanccOfTremableType must be an object 2)arrayindexoutoteoundsexception occu's | Btypd mraable or subassrTiowable Invatléngexie index pester than te ray length or witha negative index. '8) NumberFormatException is thrown when you Try with Resources, are ningto converts sting ts numere vuelto integer Moat, double ee butingut stings aot vad amb. osed, No needte clea the resources exp. But Java 7 try wth resources has one drawback I requires 4) classNotFoundexception i thrown amen an | resourcesto be decared local withintry Bock t doesnt ecooniz resources celaedoutié the tr bleck, Sppication resto fonda cles at rn ime bot he ‘las ttn spacttad name notfouncin tne dlasspath S)anthmeticexcestions thrownwhenan — |___—Beforelava? ‘| Altera ‘ater va Sisal thmesccononatcosa sn conto Terns Ticincrmenies ORs a | Txterawesiee $s txaton strom wn an apatn sitemaps times seruronomteraing thie | { spre cea ‘abae ' Mare of Tetescstercamion ces whmancberot | renraian ae ON emara ‘one type cannot be casted to another type. F es = $ 10excnton ocr when an operant seine 2) cies underror stro hen Rite Sstan ae ousthe detonate 21) stachovertowtror ia rntine or nh ‘eis unsere sbappran ‘outa cng the meted ect Ty with resource bodes are introduced rom iva 7 In these Hacks, recourcr ured in ry blk are ako ‘That isu hasbeen rasohed inva 9 ath cating i d (cschecagtochaetiny — | ea bxepne oneenepesrecety |} 0 Iesehectore beet, ees ond , nerds cress pacar (Moret dere Pees ekcats oss 2a Clectn Famanorks a framework hin proves some pratnn! cess and ieraces to store and mana the ro obec, Usa a8 ‘lection framework, you an stre the je eo ast ef ara Sel or as. Gurus or ara Hap ad perform ri operons tka adding removing. pasts, ‘Why Dav Collection Framework? aa aeaye arated tsar he croup eebjac. Si, arays are tha aba. You can chang tha an ofan ary ana ie dfn. enue ete a ‘textes wna handing the aro Oebects. To overcome ths drawback ot arrays lava Clacton Framawerke Mwai 9M 2% 3.2. [A te cacses ad interfaces robtod to v2 colcens are het fava. package Ut, Set, Quoun and Map ae four top lvl ntefacs of 49 calecton {ramawerk a thse ieraces oreagt Map) mer trom ova Cobacton evertace whi the rot mest ace the 43 section framework tro otro “tee ‘oteo pecs "evens are aaced romans end | " atneeokates "| "kapnuy pastas en oy + Sie pti ins {Sine to oe une and Eetimmtace dos ot nave ne | Setocatad th 3 an removed orratived fom any “_ * Interface jt applies estedon | het Colton terface. siaeor postion vara an iteser | Gia le ypaty FO (Fstn | onmudads So tak dntete inde Fist) Spe & eae Souatwe, | Slmerts re aoys svoced, | Rp MpIeMaNTaONS Popuir Implementations : | popular implementations : | Popular rmplementations : + vatsap,Unkeaohtag nd + faraye ctr And tnkaast | « wrortyquve,avrayOeque na | « Hoohsa,unkeahoshset and erasures UUnadlae Gripen Ut cls) |“ Trees” nternal structure = Anternal structure = tnternl structure = + Hashatay <1 tena uses an ArrayList: eral wos ‘Stave bates wna oh ae ceric Sere” | PintyQuaue ci teaty wee | + Manhet: ntraty wee | Raa wn Id ett {inkeaiuesmap = Same a2 ‘icin wut actioaty ures = ity et at + nop ay ats Res + Prortyqucue =e ated ‘coment ‘asap = nly one mut Keyan ‘Mal Elments = 1 AreayBoque Si stow + nediaehst :ttxinum one |" Con have oui ha ate na cement «+ nkeassap ony no ail key Arraytist ses ‘bwpticate Eoments « Treagetonntaton vena |” ana can have mule i ake, Uaedtist Fes Soca tai ing thay bt con have + ArrayDeque = Yes Duplicate Elements : rmutiple mill valves. eet onder or ements: fist od wpe Homan: ees «rrrayag guns xo | eth + agen tk ‘nt Se | = a Order OF Elements : ‘no Comparator is supplied, ++ LinkedttastiMtop : Doesn't afow tera: reer ocr | * Heeger ten | same te ce owe | Soe nce ese meena tres Sal diene Cineedistseercen Orr | Symes resin tapped Comp * Keysbatcan nove pete Synchronization = “+ PriorityQueue : Not ‘Comparator is supplied. ‘synchronized Order Of Elements : 1 ArrayList : Hot synchronized “+ ArrayDeque = Not synchronized | Synchronization: + Vector : Synchronized pare ‘+ HashMap = sie Order TENT | sean | iat iene one Performance: ++ Priorityueue : Insertion => ‘synchronized according to supplied Comparator + peng marine spy er | MORE Setne> eran. | « owtet set crctria | a wf ee Few ral aray tnd eon) | * Aceytoaue ewe 0) | Perens syncniation = Seah wena | AS dinsamrelnarwis See Ta Pe SS, | snasman amore ara, El be 910). wren to use? 2 nase i acaeaeee ine + Heo e toute | remmouae uc totnyen | "Sree das «espns “syrchrorization. | some spacific ordar. + Treaiat : nsortion -> o(log(a)), | Performance: ee enon > acy, |. hetyockisaccinuan as | * omacl’? Smo eat Sesh’ | * Mere Sexe) «ey ttn : ! “peepee ieee Sone dence wt ty + Trettap:rearton > of) + nkeditnchsat : usa than |" Ramoral-> lias esses re Ent pereee eit senare e |Si) "Sd remaval are recded ‘See | rue. sean cer + Haha «Use yu wan ty Kye gas nto any or UUkecatinep ie yo + Treelop: uso whan you want, ‘What are control flow statements? 41. Decision Making Statements 2. Looping statements 3. Branching Statoments Decision making statements determine which statements to execute dapencing upon the outcome of a suppiiod coniition or an expression, ‘There are two different decision making statements avaliable fn 25a a, statements 2. gwitch statement 1) if Statements 12) simple if statement if (condition) « 750 of statements ‘U7tiese are executed only ifcondtion TRUE » b) if-else statement if (condition) « U3et of statements {pthase are executed when condition lo TRUE » se « fst of statements {fthese ar executed when conditions FALSE > ©) iFelseif Statement it (condition 2) « 730 of statements {pthese are executed condition 11s TRUE » false (condéon 2) set of statements {pmiese ar executed i condition 2s TRUE 2) switch statement ‘sitet (key) « case valie_1 : Statement_1; breaks case value 2 : Statement 2: break: dafauie | Default statement; break » ase 1/50 ofstatements ‘Ufthese ar executed ial conditions are FALSE y Control flow statomants are the statements in a program which control the Flow of execution ofa program. “There are three types of contral flow statements in Java, ‘Looping statements are used to execute a set of statements repeatedly until supplied Condon becomes FALSE. ‘Thoro are four typos of oop statements in ava, forloop vale loop ‘do-utile oop for-each lop 4) for Loop for (nivalzation; termination; inerament / decrement) < {1)52t of statements > 2) while loop White (condition) ‘ {Set of statements {ithese are executed unt condon ls TRUE > 2) do-while toop 0 {et of statements ‘These are executed until conltion fe TRUE 2 while (condition): 4) for-vach loop / advanced for loop For (datatype variable. Name array / collection) < 1180k of statements > ‘ranching statements or jump statements are Use to transfer the control of execution to some othar part ofthe program. ‘There are three branching statements in Java. 1 braak staternent 2. continua statement 3. return statement 1) break statement wi (condition) 4 {[15ome statements IF (condition to break) £ break > 11S0me statements > 2) continue Statement wie (condition) < {1some statemants IF (condition to continue) « > continues 11S0me statements y 2) return Statement return type anymetnod(pass_argumants_ Here) « {15ome statements return anyThing oF Nothing: » BEE Mead process. Thvaad Mat Hs own pat of execution Fs process process can have matte What Is process? Process an executing hetanee of an Sppicaton. For example, when you double {ek MS Word ian in Your computer you start Srocersthat wi run MS word appa, 2opcaton i program we» esa 0 Mord Gouge Come, 2 eo or aso paper ‘nat is mutttnreaded programming? 1m a program orn an appeation, when two 0° mora tread> aceite tel eae imutaneousy then eled matihreaded programming, va supports mutinreaded “There ate two ways to create teads Java 1) By extending Java.nacthread class ase Myhead extends Tread t over Puc void ant) meso te task to be porformedhare > > ‘ereating and starting myttrend teed myriad = nw MTs 2) oy Implementing javatang Runnable intertac ass MyRunnatie Implomenes Runnable ‘ overite pute vo ant) « meso te task tb porformedhare ) =a: 5 388 are two types of 1) User Threads ‘ha appeeaon wer. Tey atehigh Bray freadas WM we oo itu ure throne 2) Daemon Threads ‘omy cresteaby the hi these tres de [hays funn background) Those treads are ‘Stadt perform some background take Bee roy trends. WM wi ot wa forenese SiS al wrens ch ek MaN_ PRIORITY NORM_PRIORTTY + 2 defines he normal pony that thread can fave and Ws va 1 defn the highest pity that 2 theead can “he dau pany of 2 trea is came ae that rts parent te tan change te prorty of tecad t any tne ening satPrirey) method “Thre ares tread states NEW, RUMMAGLE, GLOCKED, WAITING, TED NEW # A thred tl ben tls state bore tng start) method RUNNABLE : thro wil be this sate srr eating oe str) meted ymca rathodock ors Ure ll Be inthis sat #aensoce etirs WAITING + thread wil bein ens sate when wnat) oro) method bested “TIMED_WATFING = 4 tread wil bein this tate whan seep) or wat) wi tneOut or Join th nett cates once Rfinshes Re exacitions creating and starting MyRunnable meee ree nab stort ‘Tough syacvonaaten, we an make me ‘Syetronzaten ft Javale schived using Synchronized keyed nen method or lok s declared at eed oy ara thand can eter io nt cate object eck or mon ‘Any teead wants to ante nto synchronized Imathoas or bbcks of any obec hay ust acquire object lock ssocatd wth that ‘nject ad lease te lock after they are gone si he xeon, mcrronced void sychronzetethod) e syeereonzed Method Dennen Javaie 3 eandton neh curs ‘when two or move eas pet blocked wating Toreach other for anfite period of tine 10 ‘elsae the rarcurcae (Loca) they Nad Lock orig and ook timeout ae wo tock Ordering #n wis madiod of avoing the Geil, sme rnin oes sped Lock Tinout £m santher deadock Drover matod in when me spec the time Fors tread to aque the lock. fas to See te specie ck ne genie, "ear after sone ne start) ean) steer) "mash rn eacng end me, Wnan ta tread gaia forsee, (des nt release te leks hd Joint): sing hie method, you can maka the curently fxecithg tread to walt for some etor ‘reads to Fish ther task vita) 1 causes the crrey xeciiog tread to amporaray pause ts execution 2rd aw other "vende to erect wait) = I makes the currenty executing thread to eles the ek of the object a sk nl Same car tread notes notty() 1 wakeup one thread randomly heh Ee otiyac = he joc stock Bu, only one thrase il equa bok of he cbectdaperding upon he ret. Isalive() Ipaemon() or urer thread setbaemon(): Ie sets daemon sas of thread correntthread() 1 reture a reference corrnty exacting Iotorrape() 1 une to inerrugt a trea Istnterrapteat etry) returns 1 ofa ten, getstated): Ie returns current etate of red ‘getwamet) and satName() + attr and setter Forname ofa tren getPriorty() and aetPriority() Getter and etter For pithy ofa thread getThreadéroup() 1 returns atv sad group to whch this twead Belnge {ng wa, neti) and raehyal) methods, ri) Tas met ie he cri ‘his cae wte t some oer teed ‘equras the same lock and ett fusing ihr nt) or ety) methods say)

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