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Great Writing 3

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Great Writing 3

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chauhuutin
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em Fig GEOGRAPHIC Rea wae een att Kei eth. ot, es, Davidclobeus blake serie Rost ct tL Le ean icc of los Marating rN Proc Marketing Monge rey aie ‘Sir Dee, rotor: Moe! Bugre8 Proeon Manager sy Sors ‘conten Poet Manages Mares Maafatrig Plame: Mry Beth Henebry Ae Director Bends Carma Inet Desig: Usa Tiger Cover Dei i apr Congestion SP-iebl Printed in Chon Pint Number: 1 Prat Yew: 2019 (© 202 Nato Gaga Leaing Cengage eting ony ‘ALLIGHTS ESE, No part hs work covered bythe coop etn nay be reproduc arses, sed wed many fre by any ears [pope een or mechanic deg at ot nied patcapying, ‘ering. sang dgtnng. pine He>dstibctn infomation nwo, ‘riormationSorge nd etal ston, cepts perted nde ‘Sttion 10 oro te Ui Sates Copy Ac hou te peor ‘wrtn permis ef the publi [ Forpennnt tral et et stones merece ‘eleanor Staten Eaton sTeo58070865 ‘tae Eon wi ers Code 97E035-020071 Nona Geograph Learn 20 hanral Coe Steet Bacon WA OZ orga arin edn pro of cram aig sn th ‘eestor ge lng Srp the ited go, ‘era asc, Br nga Latour alec eaten cenggecomieion ene ean rics ape Cad by Neon Edn et NGL ones EETNGL am atu comport mate at cengage.com CONTENTS Unit 1 Unit 2 ‘Unit 3 Unit 4 Paragraphs Flement of Great Weting Paragraphs and Tope Sentences Ties Brainstorming Supporting Sentencet Grammar Sentences Peagnents Grammar: Couat and Non-Coura Noase Sugporting Details Coneluding Sentences “Thee Feats of a Well Weiten Paragraph Bailing Better Vctbulry Building Beter Sentences ‘Weieng Test Prep Features of Good Writing Element of Gret Waiting “oe Feaires of Good Wing Grammar: Cleat Pronoun Reference Grammaz: Consistent Pronoun Reference Building Beter Vocabulary Building Beer Sentences Wing Five Profesdng Sister ‘Tet Prep Types of Paragraphs Hlemeusot Grst Wing ‘Common Paragraph Types Grammar Sujet Verb Agreement in the Sire Prone (Gramma: Word Forms Building Bete Vocabulary Suer Bulking Beer Sentences ‘Weng “Tee Prep Classification Essays: Moving from Paragraph to Essay Element of Geet Wang Comparing Perogripbs and Eas “The Inteoductory Paragraph in an Essay Clacton Enaye Grane Subj Aecive Cees ‘The Five Paragraph Essay Understanding the Witing Pet Buln Bete Vrabulary Balding Beer Sentences Wing Tet Prep Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Cause-Efect Essays Elements of Great Waiting ‘Whatlaa Crue-Efeet Ey? Organising» Came Ee Easy Grammar Comnon Cause-Efet Structures Grammar: Wy of Expesing Pst Events ‘Noun and Preposiion Combinations Bailing Bere Vocabulary Building Bee Sentences, Waiting ‘Test Pep Comparison Essays Elements of Get Weng “Whar la Compaton ay? Orginiting a Corparion Easy Connector 4 Teaane Grima he Conparatie and Sepeiatve Grama: Pall Sacre ulin Rees Vocabulary ‘Balding Beer Senteneee Waing ‘Test Pep Problem-Solution Essays lements of Grest Writing ‘What Ira Problem-Soluion Essay? Grammar: Adverd Clauses Organizing «Problen-Soation Easay Grammar Sentence Typet Sentence Variery Building Beter Vocabulary Building Better Sentences Waiting “Tet Peep Writer's Handbook Vocabulary Index Index 108 110 110 a ue 49 m 125 us we BL 132 13 16 136 12 3 We CREDITS (Cover © Vine Sut/Momen'Gety Images Unit Page 2-3: Migs A Wiens Genre Crate Page 4 © Area Pete Lary Aly Ste Phot; Page 5 © Matchan Shute Page B chet Es/Gery Imager Page 10 Gori Beir Shuteotecons Page La: © SIFASAKPRACHUM/Shuterodcon; Page 12: © Kekitimook/Sharesaccnn Page 15,6 Hero longer Tages, Page 22 © Ron Gale Ron Calta Coleen Gey Image Page 25:0 Kido Bln Inge’ Ger Inger Page 2-0 Money Basins Innges/Sbuterock coms Page 14 Wil Yu Potro! ‘Moment Open Gey Images Page 290 Hero image ages Unit 2 Page 329: © Mangia/MoncauGeuy Images Pge 4: © Andrew Hasou/Almy Stock Pht Page 47: epee iargtos fe © i eetng OREN Oy i ge S2© Bim Jeeay WecoaneandX Pcaes ety lige, Pu 57 © Tom Dsl Getey lage Erne ety Page © Corey Bit Ars Photon Page SI © JULLE MAVFENG/Natoal Gvgapic Gnas Page 4 © abn Dance Een Gen nage Page: © FlippBac/-/Gety Images, nit Pag 68-50 Dard Gets /Nainl Gerraic Cetin Page 70-0 Wer Bi limps Page 72: DTASSO MARCELOVAFD/Geny lags Page 72 wanders /Gety Ingen Page 7 (OEE Thee Magraon/Coney Cty Inages Pg St © anc ooo rags Pag © Ren Dl Kae ‘Shuteotdecns Page © Cher Fn Gey ge Speedy Images age 85 © Whip Dept Pht Pe ‘© Aaa Gigs Momene Genrer Page 9 © Doug Ginny, Page © Kabel Han Diane Inge Unie Page 96-97 © JOEL SARTORE/Nationsl Geographic Cet Fags 9 © Kia Vd DigaVsoneey sages: Page 104 © Thon Teste Photek Gety ngs Page 106: National Gogesphic Crest Alay Stock Photo: Pap 109: © Calo Inge Shatentock nm, Page 120 © tr oene/Alany Stack Phot Page 10 Mice FlatiomennShunenodkcom Unit Pge 12-125: LYNN JOHNSON Nasal Genyaphic Cente: Page 12% © oo rel Abany Stock Pho, Page 131; © ROMEO GACADVAFP/GeryImigesPge 15617: © Wend Gey Lage Pape 135. © Mk Sto! ‘Nislonal Gegaghc Crete; Page = Se Lol FostDisparhTbune News Sevice/Gety Imager Unit Page 14-1490 Mar Moyes Pge 152: 0 Bob Dams Alay Sock Pons Page 154 World His Arce Alan Stock Photo age 56:0 Quang en va Sater cor Paget © VINCENT JANNINN/ABP Gey lags ge 148 Das Koad Gey lps Neve Ema: Page 16: © Clee McCay Alay Sk Photo Unit 7 Page 156-157 © GREG MARSHALL/Nationat Garhi Cet Pag 1586 Base eighty - Sport Image! ‘Aly Stock Pho; age 16+ © Jan Swanepnel Alay Stack Photo, age 13 © Heo Lnage/Gety lagen Page 106: {© Sean Pnoe/Shuterok my Page 167 © Ol KrogermageBROKED/ ery Lage Pag 168 © Willa Bey ‘Shuterstod Page 170 signee Es /GetyIage Page 175 © Minimo De Candia Alay Sek Pot, age 1758 ‘Any Abed City TimerZUMA Prey Ie Alry Stock Pho Text Cre: Page 7:0 Source: Nn Seche National Geogr, Ap 16,2018. pr /nwsmaionloopepic con/20 Ong dpg-dgpeating-enguage-wstoger cater Pge le: © Souce National Grp hel! ds ansgeograpic ner ntnrne frasoccespg Page 5: © Sere National Geograph Mar 8 2018. hpx/hnematonlgegiccon/ent-at boca od ace eslogy Page Sorc Nan. mtr LoNOMA en, ihn seeps NGM ASunodceeaaemepmegmtiee ‘a qey-OOF anim 2kfoprpe en ode Sarton ByfeecumenCALEWTCKSD {Wht 9452650Soindomntenornactt/ Ty Bae Seah OverTpe- ore apgeNor 8 Pag 7B (© Source: Jon Beso a Blea Boer, Nato Geogiphic hep ow aarp eer Singapore is a very popular vacation destination in Asia. There are several reasons why | tourists love this area. acrivity 6 | Writing topic sentences Read the thrce paragraphs and write atopic sentence for each one. Be sure each topic sentence includes « controlling ide, WORDS TO KNOW Paragraphs 1.2 t0 1.4 ‘appreciate: (to understand the valu or ‘occur (i) 0 happen, tke place Importance oF something process: (1) genera way of doing something ‘beneficial (a) good; heb recommendation: (0) wien or spoken paises ‘catagory: (0). ype, kins sppeorl ‘cause: (0) 0 make something happen regardless of prop) nomatise function: (6) to work porto a sk tend to: (pe) Be Tcl todo something lack: (to have leit of something, be without PEI First, breakfast gives the body fuel to change into energyThis isan important ‘way to stare the day afer not eating all aight fong. Without that morning meal, the body may lack the necessary fuel for energy. In addition, perhaps the most beneficial effect of eating breakfist is that digesting” food “wakes up the body's ‘metabolism —the chemical activity requzed for the body to finetion properly. ‘Whee 2 pers i asleep, metabolism slows down. Eating breakfast causes the ‘metabolism to increase in the morning. Finally exting breakfast also reduces Ihunger later in the morning, An individual who does not eat breakfast tends to cor 00 much a lunch. It is no surprise chac people have been saying for generations that “breakfest s the most important meal of the day ea ee ere performed by actors of the Chernihiv Regional Pernt eet een Serer TE EEO) Stage acting, which isthe oldest form of acting, occurs in front ofa live audience, in places ranging from large performance halls to small theaters. The next and probably the most well-known eategory of acting i television acting. Tis ype of acting i for weekly programs that are produced in a TV studio. The third and final type of acting ie film acting for a movie, Film acting is similar to TV acting, Dut the process is more complex, and it akes longer to make a movie. Regardless ‘of the type of acting, audience members appreciate actors for the many hours of ‘enjoyment they provide Perhaps the bes solution isto take advantage of job-search websites. Most of these services are free for Job seekers ro us, After ajo sccker sete up an account, it is eagy to search for a particular type of job within an industry. Additionally, ‘these online sites can store important documents. With a quick cick ofthe mouse, job seekers can upload items such a résumés, letters of recommendation, et ‘Because this information is saved on the website, the application process is much ser. Without a doubs, the use of job-search websites isan efficient solution for job seekers, Titles AA tile tells you mit you will find ina book, a movie, a story, ora text. The tee is usualy very short, and it isnot usually a sentence. A good tile hes something that catches the reader's interest, but it does not tell everything about what the paragraph or essay will say acnviry 7 | Writing titles With a partner, write two possible tiles for each paragraph. Then compare your best titles with yur classmates. » 1. Paragraph 1.2 2. Paragraph 13 & 3. Paragraph 14 a. b Brainstorming Brainstorming is quill wring down alhe thoughts hat come ito your esd about topic ‘When yu bransorm, ou dont think about whether each ides good o bad or whether your wing's comet Yo simply rite down any ideas posible a few mines The Proce scaled rnerming bene it elite hee rao of eas n your bai, actwiry 8 | Brainstorming (Choose one ofthe topics. First, brainstorm ideas about your topic on a separate piece of paper. ‘Weite at least four ideas. Then write a topic sentence for a paragraph about your topic. Be sure toinclude x controlling idea. + Types of fends + A person who changed my ie + How onlin learning i changing education + Benefits of studying English + Why some movies ates popular + The effects of fame on a perton ‘Tope sentence: actiwiry 9 | Writing your own paragraph ‘Useyour brainstorming notes and topic entenc from Activity to write a paragraph ona sepatte pies of ape Bese tha te contig ie nour ope eatence deste whole parsgrgh, 12 UNIT A+ Parageahe Supporting Sentences Supporting sentences describe, explain, clatf, or give examples of the main idea in the topic sentence. They answer questions sich as Who? What? Wen? Where? Why? and Hons? Each paragraph must have enough eupporting details to make the main ides clear tothe reader, In addition, each supporting sentence should be closely related to the topie sentence and its controlling idea. Study the following examples. 1. Topic sentence: Supporting sentence: 2, Topic sentence: Supporting sentence: 3, Topic sentence: Supporting sentence: Hunters kil elephants for sable ivory tusks, and thy must be stopped. In fact, approximately 60 elephants are killed in Africa every day. ‘Automobile insurance has a number of benefits, including ‘emergency towing service. ‘A quick phone cal is alt takes to have the broken-down car taken to a mechanic. Coll phones allow parents to stay in better contact with their chidren. ‘As long as a childs cell phone is turned on, a perent can reach a chill at any time. ‘Types of Supporting Sentences [Experienced writers use many different kinds of supporting sentences, Supporting sentences can: 1. Explain ‘Topic sentence: Supporting sentence: 2. Describe ‘Topic sentence: Supporting sentence: “There are many support services for students at the university. ‘Since many college students experience at least some level of stress, counselors are alvays available to help them. ‘The Platte Rivers an extremely important area for migratory birds such as sandhill eranes. This rich, natural environment provides the birds with a safe place to rest before continuing on ther lengthy journey. ene eet eta 3, Givereasons “Topic sentence: Note taking is one ofthe most useful study skils to lear. Supporting sentence: Reviewing good notes before a test wil help students learn the ‘most important information, 4, Give faces ‘Topic sentence: Jogging isnot as easy aa it appears. Supporting sentence: More than 20 percent of ads cannct run father than 100 meters without stomeing to rest. 5, Give examples Topic sentence: Brazil has several key natural resources. Supporting sentence: Brazls a leading producor of cocoa, sugarcane, and soybeans. | WRITER'S NOTE Supporing Detaio (One way to develop supporting details is to ask questions about your topic tentence. Look at your topic sentence and ask questions with Wc? What? When Where? Why? or How? activiry 10 | Using questions to write supporting details For each topi sentence, write rwo questions that the supporting sentences could answer. 11. Some pesticides should not be used on vegetable crops. What kinds of pesticides chou not be used? Why should we avoid using pesticides? 2. Many coffee producers are committed to using environmentally friendly farming methods, 3. Although snow skiing and water sling saxm very different, the two sports have some. similar characteristics. ‘4, Trophy hunting in which people pay for the opportunity to hunt endangered a controversial. '5. Children who participate in extracurricular activities ae often more confident than those who do not, #4 ONT =Paragrpne Avoiding Unrelated Sentences Some writers include too many ideas in one paragraph. Remember that a paragraph should focus on just one controlling idea, the one inthe topic sentence. Every sentence must support the topic sentence. a this way, supporting sentences help maintain the unity ofthe paragraph. Sentences with unrelated ideas should be removed. activity 11 | Identifying unrelated sentences Read the wo paragraphs. For each numbered sentence, check (/) itis good supporting sentence or an unrelated sentence. Be prepared to explain your answer (Note chat cicher paragraph har a concluding sentence artis point. Conclaing sentences willbe added in ‘Aetvty 17.) WORDS TO KNOW Paragraphs 1.8 to 1.6 characteristic: (7). a special quality entire: (sa) complet; whole TE ‘The Features of a Successful Restaurant [Regardless of che typeof food they serve, all successful restaurants have similar characteristics Fis, these restaurants provide fist and frien service, with serve ‘who are polite at all times. They make sure that customers needs are met throughout ‘the meal! Since customers ate chooting to ext out, obviously the quality ofthe food {is bo important. A good rerturant always use the freshest ingredients in its dishes. 2 Some of the best-qualty cheeses can be imported from France.* Finally, good restaurant also have a pleasant atmosphere. They are clean and well maintained, and they also pay attention to deals such as decor and lighting, “decor se dein Good Uneelated Sentence 1 a a Sentence 2 a a Sentence 3 n a 1" roars ‘American arts and music cee Por ats Peers com CEs Visiting Washington, DC “There are to types of popular tourist trations in Washington, DC: the smuseun and the monuments, The most interesting museums in Washington, [DG ae the 16 Smithsonian maseums. There i a museum for every interes from the Museum of Afican American History and Culture tothe Air and Space ‘Maseum. A tours cin easily spend an entire week visting thee 16 moseums, which all have fice admission, Washington, DC, als has very beautifl memorials! and monuments, On ofthe mort frequently visited isthe Lincoln Memoria “This memorials home toa massive statue of President Abram Lincoln and an engraved" copy of Linco famous speech, the Gettysburg Address? There are many foo erucks there, 5038 a good place to have lunch. Close by is the Washington Monument.” This magaifcen stone tower was builtin memory of the fst president ofthe United States, George Washington, It is beaut in is simple desi ‘memoria eter doistl othe memory ofthe dead “eagaedcaveding one reed Good Unrated Sentence 1 Cc o Sentence 2 o a Sentence 3 16 UNIT = Pacgraphe Grammar: Sentences vs. Fragments Every sentence in English must have a subject and verb and a complete idea.* A sentence ‘without subject or verb in che main clause i called a fragment, The word fragment means 2 piece of something, "The oe exception ithe impertine ein Lak he Br Bali nan inert the objec dered | cheetas and gare enemies. (Cheetahs ac garlis are (Wheat grown in genta ‘Wheat ls own in Aagentina lot of pollen today ‘Thor is alt polton today Maya Arosou afenousaiior ———~=~S*SWMnyAngeina omar stor | Te Kaa te aes bing ne woud |The Bi Kalla he lest uldgin he word 1 aeons tho eng Baca honoree he plot had to make [Bente tari ate anemergencytancing J activity 12 | Checking for fragments Read the sentences. The subject in each clause is undeslined, Ifthe subject has a verb, write Ccorrect) and circle the verb. Ifa verb is missing, write F (fragment) and add a verb inthe ‘correct place. encounter 1. Studant i incodible amount of new vocabulary in English every day ——2.Some less this problem by wing flash cards 5. What ar ash cand? 4. How do language laren use them? —— §-A flash ard small ard fr learning vocabulary. —— 6. Leamers write the new word on ove side ofthe cad ——7-Then shay definition onthe other ie. Students tes themselves on the vocubulary words by guessing the meaning and then checking the answer, —— 9 Because leamers create their own cards, they can focus on words that are important for them, —— 10. Even though it a taditional method, using fash cards extremely useful ” Grammar: Count and Non-Count Nouns ‘There are two kinds of nouns: count and non-count. If you can count a noun (fie sandwices, rhine idea), then ie has 2 singular form (sandwich, idea) anda plural form (sandwiches, ideas), is acount noun, Ifyou cannot count a noun (pelltion, ar, bai) itis x non-count noun and generally has only one form. Some adjectives are used only with plural nouns. When writing, check to make sure nouns after these adjectives are count and plural, [a tew months ‘numerous cases “several people = sthoseblogs | | manyreasons __ other decisions these methods twotests | ‘A-common error is to forget to use che plural form of the now ae in the example below: Many scientisi attended the recent meeting in Seoul. At that meeting, there were several ‘prosentatiorf about the numerous effect.of climate change. activity 18 | Editing for noun forms ‘Look atthe underlined nouns a ach sentence If there isan error in noun form, make a correction above the word. Ifthe sentence is correct, write C next fot, 1. More than 65 million family inthe United States face the daily challenges of taking care of their ers 2. Teis ony logical hat this number will grow in the fare asthe population sar. 3. Many people who take car of ther parents o other family member work at a regular jb ll day. 4. About 40 percent of those who care for their elder also take care of their own children, 8. Over 70 percent of caregivers are women, and nearly one-third ofthese woman are over the age of 6, 16 Amazingly, cight out of ten caregiess provide care for an average of four hou a day, seven days 2 weele 7. Caregivers can often experience problems with their own healths, finances, and jobs. 1B Therefore, ts extremely important for people who care for their elders to also take the ‘times to care for themselves. UME 1 Pargraphe Supporting Details ‘na paragraph, supporting details, such as examples, reasons, descriptions, or facts, support the topic sentence. Remember: Answering questions about the topic sentence (Who? What? When? Where? Why? or Horo?) is. good way to generate details in a paragraph. activity 14 | Asking the right questions (Choose one ofthe topics below and write atopic sentence. Then write questions about the topic sentence using the appropriate question words. Ifyou cannot think of atleast three _questions, perhaps your topic sentence is weak. + An important moment in a person life + Good study habits +A famous person who ie popular today + An easy sport 1 Topicsentence: One ofthe most important daysina persoribifetshisorher A ag Ee EEE Who? _Whoisioved intheevene?@ Whar _Whatgeneralyhappens?@ When Whendoes thiseventhappen?@ Wher? Wheredoes thiseventhappen®@ ‘Wiye_Miye oometdored animportantidiyf How? How dothe bride and groom feel at theme? 2 Topicsentence: Who? Wha? Where? Why? acriviry 18 | Writing supporting sentences Look at your topic sentence and questions from Activity 14, Weite supporting sentences that answer each question thet you wrote. 1 acriviry 16 | Writing a paragraph {Use the topic sentence from Activity 14 and the supporting sentences from Activity 15 to write dnoealenrenreteyimeed pa Beene ly acperig east haie the topic sentence and its controlling ide. Concluding Sentences “The concluding sentence conchdes, or ends «paragraph. A concluding sentence has thee main features 1. Teis usualy che last sentence ofa paragraph 2 Telets the reader know thatthe paragraph has ended. 3. ebrings the paragraph toa logical conclusion, Itcan do a Restating the main dea ofthe topic sentence as in Paragraph 1.4: ‘Wrthout a doubt, the use of job-search websites isan efficient solution for job seekers. ‘bs, Offeing a suggestion, giving an opinion, or making s prediction, as in Paragraph 1.1: Tomorrow's explorers are sure to ancwer mere ofthese questions. (rediton) 20. UNIT + Paragraphs Transitions with Concluding Sentences ‘Here is alist of transitional words and phrases that are commonly used atthe beginning of ‘concluding sentences. Note that each is followed by a comma, ‘As avesut Clearly In conclusion Overt Because of hs For these reasons Inthe end Theretore Certainly For this reason Examples: In conclusion, successful businesses are the result ofthe actions of good workers (Overall, buying used car has mare advantages than buying @ new car. For more information on connectors and transition, see the Hritert Handbook activity 17 | Writing concluding sentences Go back to Paragraph 1.5, “The Features of a Successful Restaurant,” and Paragraph 1.6, “Visiting Washington, DC." Wait a concluding sentence for each paragraph. Use a diffrent tcanstion and typeof conclding sentence fr each oe. Check (/) what each conchdng sentence does 1. Paragraph 1.5, Topic Restaurants ‘What does the concluding sentence do? (Clrestates the main idea Coffer «tugaestion gives an opinion (makes a prediction 2 Paragraph 1.6 ‘Topic Washington, DC ‘What does the concluding sentence do? Girestates the main idea offers a suggestion Digives an opinion Comakes a prediction Three Features of a Well-Written Paragraph ‘Avwell-writen paragraph has three key features. 1. Ithas atopic sentence that states the main idea. The topic sentence lets the eader know shat the paragraph wil be about. It contains the topic anda controlling idea. When it is the first sentence ofa paragraph, it needs to be indented 2. Allof the sentences are about one topic. Each sentence ofthe parsgraph relates to and supports the topic sentence and its controling idea. Focusing on one topic helps to maintain the coherence o logical flow of the paragraph. 3. The last sentence, or concluding sentence, brings the paragraph to logical conclusion. Sometimes the concluding sentence is a restatement of the topic sentence. At other times, ‘writers offer a suggestion, opinion, or prediction based on their purpose acuviry 18 | Analyzing a paragraph Read the paragraph and annerthe questions that fellow WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.7 | | sppeat: (0 stat interest rly on: (v pi) to dopend on (ad) in genera consiaring everyting ‘The Popularity of the Summer Olympic Games ‘Why isi thas, very fou years, people fom all over the world stop to watch the ‘Summer Olympic Games? There are many reasons for their populergy. First of al, ‘there are sporting events that appeal to almost every sports fan, From track-and-feld™ to swimming and soccer (botball), fans can rely on continuous entertainment for pproximately wo weeks. Inthe Winter Olympics one ofthe most popular sports ice skating. In adltion, viewers get to watch the best athletes fom allover the world compete against each other. Finally, the athletes compete for their own countries and ‘lags, and Olympics fans get to support and cheer them on. When athletes receive a medal for their county the fel a great sense of pride, Fans share the eling a they count the number of medals their country wins. Overall this competition is one of the ‘most popular sporting event i che world. "rack ane: pring eens hte ong ad jumping and sheng 22° UNIT (Parag ud Kipchoge of Kenya winning gold inthe. men's marathon at the 2016 Olympic Games, Flo de Janciro, Brazil = = — PS ‘Whats the purpose of this paragraph? Begin your sentence with The purpore of 12. Underline the topic sentence. ‘3. What isthe controling idea? 4. Underline the concluding sentence. Is the concluding setence a restatement, a suggestion, ‘an opinion, ora prediction? 5. Cross out the sentence that does not belong. Why does it not belong? 6. What suggestion do you have to improve this paragraph? activity 19 | Bringing it all together ‘Read the paragraph and underline the topic sentence. Then cross out the sentence that is 20¢u good supporting sentence. Wete a conchiding sentence forthe paragraph WORDS TO KNOW Paragraph 1.8 isaster: (0) 9 ston event hat cases ‘predict () 10 say what wll happenin the ute destin, catastrophe EOI] ‘Two Natural Disasters [Although trunamie and hricanes can both cause # lot of damage and result in disaster, they are each very diferent. For one, tsunamis tre formed by natural events such a landlides, eruptions fom volcanoes, and, most eypicaly underwater earthquakes’. Hurricanes, on the other hand, are powerfl storms that form over swarm ocean water, The tw storms also differ in how they ae predicted. Tsunamis can only be predicted about an hous ia advance at most, while stozms that can Decome hurricanes can be caefly followed by meteorological? technology weeks Jn advance. As result, people can more exsily prepare fora hurricane than they ‘can fora tsunami Teunamis are very frightening, Finally, tsunamis occur fs the Pacific Ocean. Hurricanes, which are ealled by different names depending on ovhere they form, can develop in any ocean. ‘eats ven movement of Bat tice oo ling to Ears atmagereo Weather — BUILDING BETTER VOCABULARY : WORDS TO KNOW | onpeal od entre (ad) eral (2) prec ) EM ‘incon (9 EX preset () | senctic (og) investigate 6) proces (0) EN category) ES Isat) fecommendaon o) | caso) ead to (phd regardless of rep) characte 0) rasta 0) EO rey on) EOD dsoster(n) massive (ad) fend top») ‘throughout (rep) activity 20 | Word associations (Circle the word or phrase that is more closely related to the bold word on the lef 1. appeal like 2. appreciate thankful 3. beneficial bad 4 category pe 5. cause take away 6, discovery search 7. fanction perform 8 lack not have enough of | 9, massive ssnall 10. overall, in general acrivity 21 | Collocations Fllin the blank with the word or phrase that most naturally completes the phrase. ~ ivestigate A the consequences 8. aunique Tee ght] process 2. a delicious dinner 8 ae careless errors 9. avery efficient 10, the night acnivity 22 | Word forms ‘Complete each sentence wit the correct word form. Us the correct form for nouns and verbs. | eategory categorie | 4. There ore four________ofnews centre | entirely | 2 The ct of Pompe was | esyedin AD 79. | |4.The Tansantsrctc Mountains sblehseross ho continent of Antaetion ‘mantenance | malian 5. Rogue cor | ard cosy epi | £8. Goodfrefighers mst. thei calm nthe faew of a ste: | | 4 | { hep yeu 7. Wart, | years of 1989 and 1948. 18. Thave was one jor the Spanish fin the 20H eortay 8. The company finn | Beet 40. Nastadsrus| | ‘vents many years 190, 26 UNIT = Paragrashe activity 23 | Vocabulary in writing (Choose five words from Words to Know. Wrire a complete sentence with each word. BUILDING BETTER SENTENCES WRITER'S NOTE Eelting Abbreviations | Your teacher may use these abbreviations when marking your writing, ap = capitalization eroe ‘Yp = sigglar-plural error tof word form eroe fing = fragment -stoagr = sabject-verb agreement activity 24 | Editing from teacher comments Read the teachers comments. Then make the coretions RAH Cee beeen sorry Amazing Sloths Soths amazing animals tha Iain Cental and sl Americ. “These animals are wel known for thes lanes, Scents believe that their slow movement helps them escape from predators—animals ‘that might hur them, Because mary predator have sharp eyesight, ‘hey are looking fr anials hat moment quickly When so a 4 predatory they actually move more sow hoping that they will

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