2D Arrays
One Dimensional Array Representation
Applications of Arrays in C
• Arrays are used to Store List of values
• Arrays are used to Perform Matrix Operations
• Arrays are used to implement Search Algorithms
Linear Search
Binary Search
• Arrays are used to implement Sorting Algorithms
• We use single dimensional arrays to implement sorting algorihtms like
Insertion Sort, Bubble Sort,Selection Sort,Quick Sort,Merge Sort, etc.,
Two Dimensional Array(2D Array)
• An array, which has two subscript is known as two dimensional array.
• It has two subscripts, first one represents row and second one
represents column.
• Subscripts are always starts with 0.
2D array representation
• The 2D array is organized as matrices which can be represented as the
collection of rows and columns.
Syntax
• data_type array_name [rows][columns];
• For example here I am declaring a integer array
• int a[3][4];
Syntax - Two Dimensional Array
data_type varname[size1][size2];
Initialization Methods - Two Dimensional Array
Initialisation-1
int matrix[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};
Initialisation-2
int matrix[3][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
Program - Two Dimensional Array
#include <stdio.h>
main()
{
int matrix[3][3] = {{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}}, i, j;
for(i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
for(j = 0; j < 3; j++)
{
printf("%2d ", matrix[i] [j]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
Storing elements in a matrix and printing it.
#include <stdio.h>
main ()
{
int arr[3][3],i,j;
for (i=0;i<3;i++)
{
for (j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("Enter a[%d][%d]: ",i,j);
scanf("%d",&arr[i][j]);
}
}
printf("\n printing the elements ....\n");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
printf("\n");
for (j=0;j<3;j++)
{
printf("%d\t",arr[i][j]);
}
}
}
Multi Dimensional Array
• What Is Multi Dimensional Array?
• An array having more than one subscript or dimension is known
as multi dimensional array i.e) int arr[3][3].
• Multi dimensional arrays are also known as arrays of arrays or matrix.
Syntax - Multi Dimensional Array
•Two Dimensional array requires two subscript variables
•In the following syntax size1 represents no of rows whereas size2 represents no of columns.
Syntax
data-type varname [size1][size2];
Matrix Addition Example
Program for Addition of Two Matrices
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int m, n, c, d, first[10][10], second[10][10], sum[10][10];
printf("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix\n");
scanf("%d%d", &m, &n);
printf("Enter the elements of first matrix\n");
for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
for (d = 0; d < n; d++)
scanf("%d", &first[c][d]);
printf("Enter the elements of second matrix\n");
for (c = 0; c < m; c++)
for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++)
scanf("%d", &second[c][d]);
printf("Sum of entered matrices:-\n");
for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {
for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++) {
sum[c][d] = first[c][d] + second[c][d];
printf("%d\t", sum[c][d]);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Matrix Multiplication in C
A matrix is a collection of numbers organized in rows and columns,
represented by a two-dimensional array in C.
Matrices can either be square or rectangular.
Input: mat1[][] = {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} mat2[][] = {{5, 6}, {7, 8}}
Multiplication of two matrices:
{{1*5 + 2*7 1*6 + 2*8}, {3*5 + 4*7 3*6 + 4*8}}
Output: {{19, 22}, {43, 50}}
#include<stdio.h> printf("multiply of the matrix=\n");
#include<stdlib.h> for(i=0;i<r;i++)
int main(){ {
int a[10][10],b[10][10],mul[10][10],r,c,i,j,k; for(j=0;j<c;j++)
system("cls"); {
printf("enter the number of row="); mul[i][j]=0;
scanf("%d",&r); for(k=0;k<c;k++)
printf("enter the number of column="); {
scanf("%d",&c); mul[i][j]+=a[i][k]*b[k][j];
printf("enter the first matrix element=\n"); }
for(i=0;i<r;i++) }
{ }
for(j=0;j<c;j++) //for printing result
{ for(i=0;i<r;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i][j]); {
} for(j=0;j<c;j++)
} {
printf("enter the second matrix element=\n"); printf("%d\t",mul[i][j]);
for(i=0;i<r;i++) }
{ printf("\n");
for(j=0;j<c;j++) }
{ return 0;
scanf("%d",&b[i][j]); }
}
}
Output:
enter the number of row=3
enter the number of column=3
enter the first matrix element= 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
enter the second matrix element= 1 1 1 2 2 2 3 3 3
multiply of the matrix= 6 6 6 12 12 12 18 18 18
