MODULE PART 2: UNPACKING THE SELF Unit 1: PHYSICAL SELF: THE BEAUTIFUL ME From childhood, we are controlled by our genetic makeup, i. e, sex chromosomes. It also influences the way we treat ourselves and others. On the contrary, there are individuals who DO NOT ACCEPTS their INNATE SEXUAL characteristics and they actually tend to change their sexual organs through medications and surgery. In addition, external environment helps shapes us. In this lesson, we are going to explore the development of our sexual characteristics and behavior. 6 At the end of this unit, you will be able to: ‘Guteomes 1. Determine the condition of your physical self 2. Classify the physiological needs of the selfin each stage of life 3. Identify the forces and institutions that impact the development of the various aspects of identity and the self 4. Explain the importance of a good health LESSON PROPER Marieb, E.N. (2001) explains that the gonads begin to form until about the eight week of embryonic development. The embryonic structures of males and females during the early stages of human development are alike and are said to be in indifferentstage. When the reproductive structures are formed development of the accessory structures and external genitalia begins. [See the miracles of life - video clip] Beginning of life Life begins at fertilization. It refers to the meeting of the female sex cell and the male sex cell. These sex cells are developed in the reproductive organs called GONADS. The male sex cell called spermatozoa [sing. -zoon] are produced in the male gonads called testes. On the other hand, the female sex cells called ova are produced in the female gonads known ovaries. The fertilized egg cell known as zygote contains all the hereditary potentials from the parents. This zygote goes to the uterus and continues to grow during the gestation period of about 280 days or 36 weeks or 9 calendar months. Both male and female chromosomes contain several thousands of genes — called deoxyribonucleic acid which is the code of heredity. Maturation is the unfolding of the inherent traits. Human Development The formation of male or female structures depends on the presence of testosterone (A substance called hormone that occurs naturally in men and male animals). The embryonic testes release testosterone once formed and the formation of the duct system and external genitalia follows. The same with female embryos that form ovaries, it will cause the development of the female ducts and external genitalia since testosterone hormone is not produce. Pseudo hermaphrodites are formed who is an individual having accessory reproductive structures that do not “match” their gonads while true Hermaphrodites are individuals who possess both ovarian and testicular tissues but this condition is rare in nature. Nowadays, many pseudo hermaphrodites undergo sex change operation to have their outer selves fit with their inner serves (gonads). Human anatomyPuberty is the period of life when the reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising levels of gonadal hormones [testosterone in male and estrogen in female] and generally between the age of 10-15 years old. At the age of 13, male puberty is characterized by the increase in the size of the reproductive organs followed by the appearance of hair in the pubic area, axillary and face. The reproductive organs continue to grow for two years until sexual maturation marked by the presence of mature semen in the testes. For the female, the budding of their breasts usually occurring at the age of 11 as a sign of their puberty stage. Menarche is the first menstrual petiod of females which happens two years after the start of puberty. Hormones play an important role in the regulation of ovulation and fertility of females. Male Reproductive System Female Reproductive System prostate gland ‘seminal vesicla fallopian tube Denis —| @ ontat ent toe — Yr rota tos Lande q Sono” Labiosroa al “swetings ‘ans roger, Femato Developing ‘las ctor Labia minora Fused vot fide aba major ows ans cove dias Mymen oninlotce Factors in development of the physical self The development of the individual is caused by two interacting forces: heredity and environment. Heredity [nature] is the transmission of traits from parents to offspring it provides the raw materials of which the individual is made up. While the environment [nurture] is the sum total of the forces or experiences that a person undergoes from conception to old age. It includes family, friends, school, nutrition and other agencies ‘one is in contact with. Diseases associated with the reproductive systemsInfections are the most common problems associated with the reproductive system in adults. Vaginal infections are more common in young and elderly women and those whose resistance to diseases is low, like, Escherichia coli which spread through the digestive tract, the sexually transmitted microorganisms such as syphilis, gonorrhea and herpes virus and yeast fungus. Pelvic inflammatory disease and sterility are also the effect of vaginal infections. For males, the most common inflammatory conditions are prostatitis, urethritis, and epididymitis, STD, Orchiditis. Major treat to reproductive organs are Neoplasms, tumor of the breast and cervix cancers in adult females and prostates cancer in adult males. Most women hit the highest point of their reproductive abilities in their late 20's, i.e. itregular ovulation and shorter menstrual periods - menopausal period The produetion of estrogen may continue after menopause but the ovaries finally stop functioning as endocrine organs. The reproductive organ and breast begin to atrophy or shrink if estrogen is no longer released from the body. With this case, the vaginal becomes dry that causes intercourse to become painful if frequent and the vaginal infections become increasingly common Signs of estrogen deficiency: irritability and mood changes [depression in some]. intense vasodilation of the skin's blood vessels, gradual thinning of skin and loss of bone mass, slowing rising high blood levels ete. Note: there is no counterpart for menopause in males. Although aging men show a steady decline in testosterone section, their reproductive capability seems unending. Healthy men are still able to father offspring well into their 80" and beyond Erogenous zones It refers to part of the body that are primarily receptive and increase sexual arousal when touched in a sexual manner. Examples: mouth, breast, genitals, anus However, erogenous zones may vary from one person to another. Some people maydesire and enjoy being touched in certain area more than the other area, like, neck, thighs, abdomen and feet. Human Sexual Behavior It defined as any activity - solitary, between two persons, or in a group — that induces! brings sexual arousal [Gebhard, P.H. 2017]. This behavior is classified according to gender and number of participants. Types of behavior: Solitary behavior [involving one individual]; and Socio-sexual behavior [more than one individual] Solitary behavior Self — gratification [begins at or b4 puberty] means seff -stimulation that leads to sexual arousal and generally, sexual climax. This takes place in personal and private as an end in itself, but can also be done in a socio-sexual relationship. This is common for males but becomes less frequent or is abandoned when socio-sexual activity is available. Therefore, self-gratification is most frequent among the unmarried. However this self-gratification usually decreases as soon as an individual develop socio-sexual relationship. Nowadays, human are frequently being exposed to sexual stimuli esp. from advertising and social media. Some adolescents become so much aggressive when they respond to such stimuli The rate of teenage pregnancy is recently increasing. The challenge is to develop self-control so that to balance suppression and free expression. Why? To prevent premarital sex and acquire STD. Socio-sexual behavior Itis the greatest amount of socio-sexual behavior that occurs b/w only one male and one female. This usually begins in childhood and may be motivated by curiosity, such as showing or examining genitalia.Physical contact involving necking and petting is considered as an ingredient of the learning process and eventually of courtship and selection of a marriage partner. Petting differs from hugging, kissing and generalized caresses of the clothed body to produce stimulation of the genitals. This is done due to affection as source of pleasure, preliminary to coitus [this is an insertion of male reproductive organ into female organ]. This is regarded as an important aspect in selecting partner but also a way of learning how to interact with another person sexually. A behavior may be interpreted by society or individual as erotic depending on the context in which the behavior occurs. Example, kissing as a gesture of intimacy biw couples while other sees this as respect and reverence. Physiology of human sexual response Sexual response follows a pattern of sequential stages or phases when sexual activity is continued. 4. Excitement phase = it is caused by increase in pulse and blood pressure: a sudden rise in blood supply to the surface of the body resulting in increased skin temperature, flushing, and swelling of all distensible body parts particularly noticeable in the male and female reproductive system, rapid breathing, secretion of genital fluids, vaginal expansion, and a general increase in muscle tension. 2. Plateau phase = itis generaly of brief duration. If stimulation is continued, orgasm usually occurs. 3. Sexual climax = a feeling of abrupt, intense pleasure, and rapid increase in pulse rate and blood pressure, and spasms of the pelvic muscles causing contractions of the female reproductive organ and ejaculation by the male that last only for few seconds normally not over ten. 4. Resolution phase = it refers to the retum to a normal or subnormal physiological state. Whereas males return to normal even if stimulation continues, but continued stimulations can produce additional orgasms in females. Females are physically capable of repeated orgasms without the intervening ‘rest period” required by males.pieces omen ne mang ip nanan mgr Breast Response to Sexual Stimulation(F) Excitement Plate nd oroesm Resolution Size increases Further aize increase reactors: Avgotar ipete Sngorgement Becomes fy part = Miao) oz Nervous system factors The nervous system plays a significant role during sexual response. The autonomic system is involved in controlling the involuntary responses. The efferent cerebrospinal nerves transmit the sensory messages to the brain to create stimulus and later initiating a sexual response. The brain will interpret the sensory message and dictate what will be the immediate and appropriate response of the body. The muscles contract in response to the signal coming from the motor nerve fibers while glad secretes their respective product. So, sexual response is dependent the activity of the nervous System. Hypothalamus and limbic system are part of the brain believed to be responsible for regulating the sexual response, but there is no specialized “sex center’ that has. been located in the human brain. Apart from brain-controlled sexual responses is the reflex. This reflex is mediated by the lower spinal cord that leads to erection and ejaculation for male, vaginal discharges and lubricant for female when the genital areas are stimulated. But still, the brain ean overrule and suppress such reflex activity, when sexual response is socially inappropriate.‘won shutterstockcom ~ 575637337 Sexual problems These may be classified as physiological, psychological and social in origin. Physiological problems are the least among the three categories, Small number of people suffering from diseases due to abnormal development of the genitalia or that part of the neurophysiology controlling sexual response. Example: vaginal infection, retroverted uteri, prostatitis, adrenal tumors, diabetes, senile changes of the vagina and cardiovascular problems. Medication: Through surgery Psychological problems: usually caused by socially induced inhibitions, maladaptive attitudes, ignorance and sexual myths held by society. Example: mature sex must involve rapid erection, prolonged coitus and simultaneous orgasm. Methods: magazines, mamied books and general sexual folklore often strengthen these demanding ideals which are not always achieved; therefore, can give rise to feeling of inadequacy anxiety and guilt. Hence, resulting negative emotions can definitely affect the behavior of an individual. Premature emission of semen is a common problem for young males. Why? Because of the natural result of excessive tension in a male who has been sexually deprived. Erectile impotence is almost always a psychological problem in males under40; in other cases, the impotence may be the result of disinterest in the sexual partner, fatigue, and distraction because of nonsexual worries, intoxication and other causes such as occasional impotency is common and requires no therapy. Ejaculatory impotence [inability to ejaculate in coitus] is uncommon and usually of psychogenic origin. Why? It is due to the past traumatic experiences. Warning! Occasional ejaculatory inability can be possibly expected in older men or in any male who has exceeding his sexual capacity Lastly, vaginismus is a strong spasm [contraction] of the pelvic musculature constricting the female reproductive organ so that penetration is painful or impossible. It can be due to anti-sexual conditioning or psychological trauma as an unconscious defense against coitus. Medication: through psychotherapy and by gradually dilating/widening the female ‘organ with increasing large cylinders. Sexual Reproductive diseases are the following 1. Chlamydia 2. Gonorthea 3. Syphilis 4. Chaneroid 5. Human Papillomavirus 6. Herpes simplex virus 7. Trichomonas vaginalis Natural and artificial methods are the following: 1 Abstinence 2. Calendar method 3. Basal body temperatureCervical mucus method Symptothermal method Ovulation detection Coitus interruptus Artificial methods are the following: 4 2. 10. 1. 12, Oral contraceptive Transdermal patch Vaginal ring Subdermal implants Hormonal injections Intrauterine device Chemical barriers Diaphragm Cervical cap Male condoms Female condoms Surgical methods (vasectomy and ligation)ACTIVITY 1 1. Make a slogan that will raise the awareness of the college students and to help eliminate sexually transmitted diseases especially among the youth 2. Agree or Disagree. Are you in favor of legalizing marriage among LGBTQ+? Why?