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I figured out whose properties these are.

whose properties these are, i figured.
SYNTAX
INTRO TO LINGUISTICS

Prepared by: Ms. Angel S. Raganas

 1. Review on the Basics of
Syntax
2. Principles of Syntax
Contents 3. Structures of Modification
4. Structures of Coordination
5. Structures of
Complementation
Introduction
SYNTAX
- comes from the Greek word “syntaxis” which
means putting together and sequencing
-it is used to put together all the necessary
elements of a sentence in an orderly system to
create meaningful utterances. 01
SYNTACTIC CATEGORIES

The syntactic categories include the eight parts

of speech:
Noun Adverb
Pronoun Preposition
Verb Conjunction
Adjective Interjection
02
04
NOUNS
Nouns are names. These names may be abstract or concrete. The
specific names of concrete nouns are labeled as proper nouns. The
rest are common nouns. Nouns are also classified in terms of
quantity and forms. Some nouns are countable, others are
uncountable. Nouns can be collective name that stands as single
entity.
 PRONOUNS
Pronouns are noun substitutes. They are often used in the
sentence to avoid mentioning the same noun repeatedly.
Examples.
Jane is here. (She is here.)
The man drives his car every day. (He drives his car every
day.) 05
 VERBS
Verbs are words that denote activities, whether they
are action words or words of being. Verbs could be,
be-verbs, do-verbs, have-verbs, modals, and principal
verbs.

06
 VERBS

07
 ADJECTIVES
Adjectives are modifiers of nouns or pronouns. They
either directly precede the nouns or complement the
nouns or pronouns.
Example:
Charles wants a small sandwich.
Mel is creative.
08
 ADVERBS
An adverb is a syntactic category or a word that
modify and adjective, a verb, or another adverb.

Examples:
speaks slowly (adverb modifying verb)
extremely slow (adverb modifying adverb)
surprisingly hot (adverb modifying adjective)
09
 PREPOSITIONS
A preposition is a syntactic category that states the location.
Examples:
in the room
over the moon
at the pool

10
 CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions are connectors that link the words, phrases, or clauses.
Conjunctions are classified into three. The coordinating,
subordinating, and correlating.
Examples:
Take it or leave it. (coordinating)
Neither I nor John will follow you. (correlating)
I will go when you go. (subordinating)
11
 INTERJECTIONS
Interjections are words or phrases that express feelings, reactions,
exclamations, and greetings.

Examples:
Wow, Ouch, Hurrah, Eww, Oops

12
 ARTICLES
Arcticles are words that precede a noun or a modifier. Articles are
markers of nouns, which the, a, an.
“The” is used to refer to common count nouns. “A” is used generally in
singular noun that begin with consonant letter. “An” is used in a singular
noun that begins with a vowel letter.
Examples:
the chair
a man
an apple 13
SYNTACTIC UNIT
Syntactic unit is the unit or form of syntax that includes words,
phrases, clauses, and sentences.
WORDS

A word is a basic meaningful unit of speech or writing. As

previously described, a word is created through a single root
morpheme or combination of morphemes.
14
 PHRASE
A phrase is a series of words that do not constitute a
complete thought.
NOUN PHRASE
-is a syntactic unit, which consists of a single modifier and noun or
a series of modifiers, the head of which is the noun.
Examples:
A bird (determiner+noun)
A beautiful bird (determiner+adjective+noun) 15
A very beautiful (determiner+adverb+adjective+noun)
VERB PHRASE

-is a syntactic unit, which starts with a verb and all the cluster
of words that follow. A verb phrase functions as a predicate of
the subject.
Examples:
She sings a beautiful song.
She sings with grace.
She is singing in front of the audience.

16
ADJECTIVE PHRASE

-is a syntactic unit consisting of an adjective and all the

cluster of words around it that modify a noun or pronoun.
Examples:
You are nothing but awesome.
Your style is very interesting.
The show was not so awful.
She was extremely surprised by the gift.
17
ADVERBIAL PHRASE

-is a syntactic unit that is composed of adverbs and all the

clusters of words around the functioning as one unit in
describing a verb, adjective, or adverb.
Examples:
He is speaking so loudly.
You talk very convincingly.
I tried to explain it quickly.
18
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE

-is a syntactic unit that starts with a preposition and ends

with a noun.
Examples:
I keep it in my pocket.
He stays in his room.
I read it on the post.
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CONJUNCTIONAL PHRASE

-is a syntactic unit that conducts the function of a

conjunction.
Examples:
Paul started to work as soon as he woke up.
Do the work as quickly as possible.
Jeff, as well as, Tom is coming to join the party.
Neither I nor my brother went to see the movie.
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INTERJECTIONAL PHRASE

-is a syntactic structure that functions as interjections.

These include statements that express emotions, greetings,
hesitations, etc.
Examples:
Oh no!
Thank God!
My goodness!
21
 CLAUSE
A clause is a series of words that contain a subject and verb
phrase. It is classified as dependent or independent. Independent
clauses are clauses found in simple or compound sentences.
DEPENDENT CLAUSES

-cannot stand on their own and need another clause to be

complete.
Examples:
He ran fast, so he will not be caught. 22
She is the woman whom he made a promise to.
SENTENCE
A sentence is a syntactic unit that is made up of a word or phrase
that makes a complete thought. Sentences are categorized
according to purpose and function.
According to purpose, a sentence could be declarative,
interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory.
Examples:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (declarative)
Where does the sun set. (interrogative)
Wake up the sun is rising. (imperative)
It is so hot today! (exclamatory) 23
SENTENCE
According to structure, a sentence could be simple, compound,
complex, and compound-complex.

SIMPLE SENTENCE (single subject and single verb phrase)

Cherry reads about language.

COMPOUND SENTENCE (two subjects and two verbs)

Cherry reads about language and Jack studies about
literature.
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SENTENCE
COMPLEX SENTENCE (one dependent and one independent clause)
Although Cherry reads about language, she could not make
sense all of it.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE (one dependent and two

independent clause)
Cherry reads about language but Jack does not because he
doesn’t like reading.

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Thank you!
 Let’s Execute!
Task 1: Analyze the sentences below according to their sytactic
category.
1. The students prepared for the examination.
2. The test was announced last day.
3. The test took an hour.
4. Yet, Jack did not study for the test.
5. Jack decided to do better next time.
 Let’s Execute!
Task 2: Analyze the sentences below according to their sytactic unit.
1. The test was announced last day.
2. The teacher reproduced the test questionnaires and the answer
sheets.
3. Everyone is waiting silently for the teacher.
4. The test took an hour.
5. Jack decided to do better next time.