UNE TA ls 3] )aoay_ DESCRIPTIVE pata ANALYSIS waka -? Comal “Tendaney Measured” Mean » Modes Median » [rex centile , Dealer quontilé) _> Dispensioe “Measumé?” | tmSIOS TAR pang > Mean Absolute clipgenence Median Absolute ed Hyenence stondand. deviahon Vaniance . ap Shape Neer SKeewness kantosi's | Distribution Toble:- => Frequenc | 0 Dimensional yrsuali goto” | x stem & lead yw Box plot & Histod nan we BOF chomt « Line chant >41d plot a) Roxplet (6 summary deta’) Quoatbs 4 ae mn & & & oma Sis SON STS '/ Qa zned fan Gor, $92 52% 415% < 23< 25%Std: Sont the dota (ascending) Step2s Compute quad les a, 02, ral dala 3 1 is somple Y= Hot!) posit Qs = al +1) positional derla. = inn) Q3 = Sat) positiom| dota + Compute a toben quamhile Range) por = G- Ms é stepu: Compute upper [innit (ve) ond lower lirort (LL) prc est (TR *! 6) - ga - (tar¥ 9) Steps = am dette outliens £ fp any. Plot the Box plot — Pnoblem '- gnstnuct a Boxp 20% 105 Jot fon given data. y ¢ . 33, 43 60, 100; Ilo 15> 12 pata + 305 fy; Step? sont data 2 10, I, 19,152 20,309 33, 432 609 100 hae pd p° grd i 3 oats = Lu) = at6 je avg pane ae z (nt) 20") te eS 2 a oe » on 6 Mppsiton sire ang 0b SE a * a date. Q0t80_ - 95 2 a3 [m= Zl) 23.26 Q3- & = ust 8&3 Be se shes TOR = Q3-2) = gles -lleS = 40 p= oat (sae* i) = $lS+ (uo¥ ls) OL=. Wes = aa- (FAR* 1-5) Ly = Lee tee — (uo #15) ; ail tliens'=> any u any valu® sent ' U adentily 64 anise” WS ~YS.S 1% es 22 comments + No out liens. posittvels stewed dato 1S) 209 259 305 3/2 10° Ip 12913 1S ,bG2 202902955 30.3) 2) potas 592%? 100 ays Somt data: mel) is ry fea = 3) Be peer ae Ve oer eee a Fes eee) 11) 129 !39Ww Wo-90 weto | a go-to | 1S i Lo ng -80 | § 4] go-60 | 9 2 Lt ao [to aha eo oe 3 89 b, sk Numenital dato continuous . : wo between Bins a 300 200 100 -> county ching Saror” US Grilonk # comment on date ddinbvhon ¥ connot comment$| 4) 2eqy ond Pencentage = x 100 [students Gnade | AL \requeney fy | 30 ingle ; Lane lo? [pencertoge [30% ure 9:2 BD 9 Angles _2_x 360° we Stem and leap plot > Bo; ee faa aad Bly Ula 4% 30241, pncartge = Fr Hap, 80226, 818% 40) 40, 40, 2292p 419 90, 85, 84 9% ¥ o* a 04 VOy Ul U32 WS 7, UW, Bees ry xv 15)205 213 22y BS» 3% al, 34909 Bly 800 8! 8S 307, amnnent o Goren iS i monbliy Preven ey : outlien 2 é 3 distaibton Ate xz ie Gy 97% 1935 a” 6 r fae 3 lat of Emphyee | 20-30 | 30-w wo-50 | $0-60 8 prequenty | wo | 4s | Jo | I? Efei0S ) angle [B% [isu | aut au" ky as 3 meena ls = eP Is pencen toge | 38 we qh \ a7 as 5"than ogive plot (areca lint 7 dan Leben, vol) ves uc (2% 10) (20 as) (ao 29) (30° ss) (50> 0) (a0, qo) (s0, 19) (9% 100) preawery pismibution Table +) opive lS a ; ‘ Compule quontilen using less thon Ogi plot > ; ae HOD : « £ (wl) 2 j age goin pled OF ? 2 Alm) * gon) + 95.96 2 10 [4 Joo.) ‘Tnequeng] Less than C7 ro “ ed | Ment ia 1s a nee S (stent, ner, ‘beltort )Q; 7 zl) posibon 6 (nt) = & (wot!) = &- 6 postin 10 10 os ompute Be = empute Ro = 4s, (oot) = 20.7 positror | Dez hoe give) 3 04 a, es £m (80, $) z = 3 (ntl ats =a ( ') at « les en aelotive fnew fe CRE soe E Yr “ Va ov oe - Os oes - ] ol 0.38 z 5, vredian 0-8 08S i ; as = 0-98 0.75 i \ O- ie 0-80 \ 0-0 0-70 wat ra \ 05 . Ke _snitints oes re IPoe ies te ; a 4 & ae THshould be approximately = x a (3) How many people ane with age <60? , 20 (tes han cf) (i) compute median using less than and mone than cf How mary people ane with 504 CeO! estes? 250 How many people ane with o9¢ >Hof genenal formula #¢ of people wilh age < 40 = 3s(c#) Pea (uti) position Hof people with age>uo = Total by ~ og people wits Dy = _i_ (wei) position age < 40 fo = 100-35 (on dincctly from mene Hon cf plt)(wv) what pencentage of people ane with >S0& 0.95 = as. ane in age Range f 50 ~co(Pelatvegrg (v) what pencentage 4g 0.9 = 9. Of people ane go-30 [0-79] (vi) what pencentage of people anc wilh age 0-90 crgz ol a0 = fan) = O07 907 people anc with age < 90? nage Range <70(G 200? =) Fon the given data compule_cenbral Torleney Fridaug Measwres (Mean, Mode, Median) — Group dala Solewel | Freawenes| ran To | oe 10-20 wi | ee 20-3 | c 280% | acm le ist | ™ is te malaht of the class: mee? te Jy is the freawucney of class so- |S interval. neh | je0 | 40 5 ie | 45 uso | 66 s5_| a5 | 30 | wernt) ay; 2150 . walt (vi) q EWG. 2150 ‘ e EWG 250s 39,' a = BS = 304 ee fu) Mede = nm a- hs bt (hae (ah) <0 => (fide: 837) 10)+(0-15) Mode = d+ IS mode = by +B __x (clas intenval widit) (h-ayt [ir h) Highest Jorequency Class intenval 90 40.30 Lowen linn't 22, = 90 4, is mequeney of (90-30) se. Hiphest Jrequery 2. is J, = 30 4, is freavency of one CZ coalica to 4, is preweney of one CL mext 4 goce wedal CL (¢ 00-30 with highest 200 4 preaueney of 3° Le highest Gnequency = 30 sm is postin of Hedion po ocd xen 3 Bheps: Compile ro tieeot oo au EOnt 2,50) “388 7s wo (VTE35.5 belongs bc gt M snc = 20 (lower init medion cn) js frequeny oF Hedron CZ» 2°80 ais Gy ct colin fe Medion CT = 10 (iw 10 Medion = aot [sse-10) x10 = dot g.¥sxd = t8S QzR-Bo = aS fon 7 4G 2p emey= al) - ee, 19.95 - cu (e) pence WEN 1,220 17, 95- 10, = Qot (035) x19 30 < 90+ 0583 29, 583 i = = a fon 27? ard ys (rt ack CD eset Hh Veg )4 ab: a ponte @z€ BO-wO wie ee a cass Batenal_| Freqeney 0-18 10. 15-30 30- 4S ys - 69 60 -75 Compute Mode » (i) Made = | 2s 20 | 10 08 Psd, Mean i Wee tn psa) elirk) ©nde 904 90 \ fan 5) (00-1 yn wo facet b ot? nf Mode { mode tity Medion < 1,4 fT a) yaw he for) 06.9. Le: 55) + tis Laltie D scru qe a0 L 10D vay gels Nedion = Die ws5-'5) yas to petsltbe® ees 304 god 77S Nedion 32,895] 88 = 0, ony 1 PS? Bey Compute TAP or: - % Qs E (ni) > Seas =™ » i oy: Stowe ‘Sits aeeae =™ a y (ar = 25.5 | > go 19008) + js-30 ea yg” cre 6 + as 100 8 215 + 8.95% 10-7 yedion = | Medion = @ * 13.094 | aye? msds , ug 60 Oy 8 | : Ihe ale salary 4} highest 95% cf salony Q Compile 8s 3 = —_—, Ok us ; compute the highest salony of lowest assy op salons 5 &, ee oe Pa(fe #36 v8 , 1% —) toe Peagents - Hedrewds] 1) eeguiness irs the dato. distoibuten pork rey, 4, None distaibuts| wmailt, medion. 1 how date voTIES HT le medec Medion chen ie skew! wonae' Zen ake seewness>o grensnens 20 Dilan Woke a) Ve Skenness Skene 1560 is eon is womple si2e is. preoyuenes ‘6 stondord dew sehion$ Galas filmi! gsqxins Qed 66009%10 94-25 i" oles , LS i 9429.5 \u arte 96 qlee 6 LE 12S yang) ¥2" | 1496965 ae Sip. axio® £1,” 2 169esS 18-3 S* ge i = é . ejilx;-" 19.UxX10 es 9, euntesi’S = z s = 2dII Keene! —as" sox (83)" | yee ¥)? ia Skewes = EWlx = uagas = — 0.1383. ns? 50 (18-3) — Negartively gleewed data “a r fon ungnaverd dota a grouped dola . so. EX s i - N Ke eh eh $+ [Le — Nw ' > Gi Lal lee} iver dot $0, 1S, 16, 17, 20,05, 22 24,30 | Enitey 35 38, Oy Ua 1343! ub, 96,63), 88 : ; , #3: Grnoup the data with a oles intenval aie - 8 » and compute Mean, Mode --—-_ © ciel width 210 . i ( class gntenval _ goos n [83 n ny o} B's) W fon The deta 4 of bins Ke given widlh W Bre eagt | were limrt Ke [ae CF) Hone tae x equengy| “7 | Ate le cF (1th) ( ct | - wi ( gh) ool [be | eee] 4 ~ | '(<) : | 2 Be pe | yet ae |i ok | oa ‘ | feat) 7 28 | [0068 15 12 40-50 5 a0 aa me F [9-60 S 20 39° a : [_ L ~2Histognan i] 103 . ~ 0 10 2 30 Yo so ae 30740 Age —>less Hho (consid UL oD (uty 4 16 less hon, 20,8 Coteggmieal 4 a 10 t ‘be ple (00, a numerical | A | (so, Be, a a} C60} Nominal — Ondinat able We el Reto > te velue basically oT go M6060 a4 ised Jon counting 026 50-6 4 ginostil ‘Muldinormial Compute Q3 using ogive plot * 1 Os = 2x26 i ial— Find jsemnte dat Q3 = 19-5 , categon aes” of disente dato How many people ane less than age ‘os ontves ll ee age 30 using o7iveplot Norninal— on mone than jive pot? a Non e Ge a i) Binominal > ane eatgonieal data. on take only 10> 85) \- 2 vo lues T ao fe i fur @esul PASS 9 gait ce 'S ee Medical Teot Report f tested positive y Tesded Negev lot ae yi openattion » $y = 40, 10) ° {60389 wags me engoni dots wich bas orden 4099 " wm 30 . ko G0 % “) Nultinoninal Mutiinorinal ene caleg oniea | dot Age —> i) Multinatne , im ne Than @ volues mo onden among Mer”. Binonnial ex:- 15s £ | Mee! [Tait Gy colens 1 feds feneens Blur, white-—-3 esults:- poss | Te | glood group fOt,0-2% ge Aan BS inomial cx: i jlo. alegonical dota 4 conden ammry Myltin omial et! coloum’> Reds Gneens Blue, whe gtine dea ge Blood Hom + ve eae 2 Se 0,0 fe A openatio oF tend , far Result Gnedes 189"? 8, & Bes FF Lines SHigh lve Modencte ly, Disliked F incline Ganades : $;A, By CDs E> F Medals J tretd y Silvers Bnonge fRee LL Totenal Saled dt 2 we arcey mee ol These can take he om Se unre: ~—n zo ~ & clees (ve) rnaningyy tne mci? 204 _ (oRRele [>alalon on dejined. 5] CORRE ELATION. fede 2 openatons goat eal gelavonal openokty ap tied sect plot’ i‘ allowed +7 aie 5 y ne gx Height, wey | weit aan ‘ ght, eye lm erapenatunt Time, FO a | J 0. | Lae [ee rot 2 1 ca bolt #6 2 (4s) #9 Saige AM 20 hath wh ' 2) Fe uBsF Father 2 ste coneloten =p Pses.8F iw a in@neases inenco3® Me deeneases loc i a np decreases soc ’ ahs wile Lees rm jlo conmelative kent peonso® conn’ -? Connelation < wn Ron > Ronk tated eoortiloten 4 Multiple connelaton + Toshio conneloion => pen ie sed?) tre) eman ok correlation phoe Nis sample S% pd) peqatve commen ip cos! inencases Gales is deena ipcost dete decrees: soles inertare jon, vale Wate (one ties AW ie “4 el tie cere coal a Book (no Tie cae) (indo 7 aed de Rare (e) ~ Reet).) at ‘ 1-6) _ = b We) o | vend sien posihive © connelaten . 0 Edj-0 el | ar i = 6(48). 43 * Ce) a Veay low -ve = Poply speansame mark do comment ‘conmelahion G7 4 ee eran) maths & Phys'c® sent (cores ve Tie), i Maths | Phy, Rook (Hate) frame (Phi) sig ao 80 | rset vy Spemamgn Rank 10 vymenent 2” comohon 6 (90 | 6 4) Aerts and physics scones ae ase) at | | 4 HM ean smon Rant Connelation (Tie Case) to |so [9 ws Afi (att D Ss peer RCH) ls ate) : tion fete qs (89 | 3 (n8— cp = annette pee eu qe mlm) | sue rs ‘inalis ginatis) | RGrhy) | dt Ta | | (70 s qe eee ee | 4.5 [0.2 | Cg serve £0 fon some 01 © | © | oeptatee 3 te, = 6sdh y dye R(x) RUD nt) 5 pert Hawt 21 feted VS oat {ss Ear (2-1) yuo. x . 2 ie ante) gs BaP WS,gront wo iS snepratc) tice Rome (40) = Site BS CE{uo) => ue ® nepeated mea argh posihve Cone — Arply kon peonson ceanelahion to the giv le given date and comment on the ar lokion 4 |p 5 xf 1 cs? | red? 550-05 1-4) 3u 95 eo 66.7 oe Wi as 333-95 vas | 33.3 100 z 9960 gs 3353at! E2100 Konl peanson connelotion [cP oe 2250 Line one fi Gat Gee = . = 0-84 «04 oe ved high positive connelation bw X ay as Kendall Taw Method (Ronk Method!) ' E2u = Es ee uhene, C284 F contend is $8 ps condarts (%;, 4) (ue %) | i} (<8) and (44/) We soy cS piscondart pain yec D cD 5 ev wal 7 |0 T (+> : sje 2 2ucu 3 3 S oO ie gute 4 ae le. é y 2 OL! = ; Hea] igh positive conmdahion feet i gu ern >. Reannanse the date | y {wa} ror] c {> | + | 3 Y 16 Ja 15 |s a ln lets She 3 ja fh | at a}e » |e |o {4 ae s 1% .o |8 Bh 6 ris |e 3) 9 2 13 ° co 2} s_|6 s is cn ¢ Ee y Connilation ail E 5 [209 Seidl ale ber Lronahip bf two vortables using lineom aegnession elo by tbe 5 bo BY intenept, & 1 ta StOPC i © 4 b af yf + ies pate —3x a eapaslece: No lincxa anelaionshi tn xX Is independent vonioble Pome, y ts dependent vaniable , . jet the [> Devel lines™ mreqnession cyuahin ant poreolte value: OF oy ive x= a5 id xe | xi YH (ele Oe | CO] vo }'8 Tyee] 84-1866 [105-2% 13.3956 \ a0 [to |-0.16 |-8-56 1.3356 | 0.0256 2-86 30 jas | 9-34 634 2.3896 95082 40.1956 is [20 |-sl6 | 34 = [Link] j.986 ig |i j-2.l6 3.985 9. 1854 69-9086 u0.1756 v2 |S ASS 1 gases = 999y ye yok < @- (09 (pote) ke be asd y 2 $SQ+0-5¥ ™ Y anmalisaton | Dato trans = ith 8 Meieean ge - Biven Range amor so” meee] dato Ty thay we prec e gien Y hen X= bet ba by ok re ys jndepe in 2 ec) Yi 7) ro alepencl a F) ure hor El Cage no tiv y 220 be Se Daan [bao] ae) gu thy 13 aot ayetoa H by Qoute ~ [Link] (18-66) ; a ag = ew? 29066 ch . : vos x sd L oe a3le FORUTY a qedor 2 ew ad ’ = > <> Multdienensiond plot = ea yee & Badan plot (spider plat, Cowneb Plot » web plat)onl S Tat formule * ba TWa~ fase © Fam (Byx* Men) Lonean Regression YEmete yecdmx Jere) Con) vemyto xectmy = ‘ep = sige 2 Bastien) Mu ToWimensionl plot —— Redon plot J (9,015) Se Panalte plot Pombo l cornelhon 49" “Maya = Nay - (22 * 2) (1-@. 269%)) (1- (0-599) Mattiple Conselation 3 Pontal connelation gives connelation 4/0 two v Keepmg thind vomibble constont. (on suppressing the impact of 34 vaniable & Ty > Goandation He % &y Na Ye 2 yield, Fratilizen, Ratngol = Linco connelation - uttel 1 Thyg.g 2 Pambal conmelaton te #84 & supe’ we hove 4 dependent & + ind epenctert es a pendemts we is independer® y ee 2ctmy . . - aa rs dependert 7 y's independ te) : -? Muthple conn ation : , yn a depenclert and my biple ace pew: Conneloh'en biw 4 depen }) Compute pantial connelation blu ay given syoniablé « Mey < 0158889 Mag = 0-789 Tyg = 0.589 ° compute Ty, 3 fi > yee mgt, te ye cemxtmee Raye Ryana RrRyes Rava = Rais yes Ria Roxy 2 v #& Compute ea 4 (0.9099) (a9923% oH 09) © (- & s39)') Rig = en ellece —> a Scadien plot shyt a” Oy Taz Nyy | (005523) Ge (1-3 ) =<. on, Ta Hyyt "8 yx Mya Thy . = is) (en (i adding veny smal Rordely 40 dhe date oe [ie thy oto MevPag =niy) + (20502) seme) 8 (60) p41 ‘nord value. | “UNET=3 eArea 305 |2044 Time SERIES FORECASTING Monday yy simple gimple, Moving Avenage Methac Method * the 1B" month for the as ae fee Slee fm Mean Absolute Deviotvon (MAD) an Sayiane E20? (mse) Mean Absolute Rencentege 2 iver do’ an (A APE) fats Feb 99 “Mon us April) SO Moy WO Fane| $2 italy |$# | 4733} “hug 60 | ws seP a 36.33 loct 55 Hee ov | 55 | SUE o.5y [pec | 62 T (a. { -_} — 37> Gade giuan sd Eee tb er 172 value alee MAD = S |e _ pnedicted soon = ma nse + (ite i Peet npee) azae) 7 mare 7 2 Et . C fava) mn ia) ; ay AS patie pred dm Be? Month = 56-53K 59-34 5.84 MAD * "a — uuss, 240-93 nse ie Mppe 2 10S = Wl? 4 — 2) fonecast the pact conned | $07 the 13° month fon the gen data using smenh 5 4a simple Mgving average [Link] on whith me Fool uh & Use you Peer he ewmn 3S enecasting ep Tine semies fe 1p gernple Meving APeney ghted Moving al Movin ay wel Average 9 center y 3M =p ay amon g ronth = given Mi a> WMA > coset! pE Poasi st Dees wr Eu: = 0.84 § srt ef 2 F198} ty Ws Ng 2 (MSE, MAD» netttictts 3 we Go2, 0.20085 Wy w: ortos 23 Wee) NaPe) ; ae gq Average. eM a yt Maha +Mablg 2 Sui Ew; en os F ls =f9 tery oe weighted 209219 To Pag Py 9 ‘ne 2tt8 to” mon fn gl 2 ie ppoly 3 noni: weighted! moving avg tospmce re! & we fos, O8 0.3 joes Se foot) month for gem oe 7 [epale ad: . ig: some weight w= $10 4G eu = 7 be s. fe Sonted weight 2 W= $0.2, 03,059 Su, = 4 Lero.2 + hs. 1034 syxO65 2 465 (usxo24 40°3 + vows) = ae moxd + Wor08+ SSHOS 2 UGS Up SHO. STURO.S = USS oxo? predicted sales: for 04 moth 255.9~ 60 | a. 9 Av] 2 v Fons weighted Moving pn | 29 | $< nox! 2 So 2 wos sex predict Centeneel Moving Average 3) Centenedl (Ever Load » Apply gebalils cemleneol 7 ‘genies data) od month rust sere 4 1g see teen ¥ 2 soeituaxe tute 3 eal Sal’ for 256% WZ ving Average.e y pid ena B years ‘contin : crash . 0! - ee gy peveloP a Loncon amend Cquation ie Ti is vee eo sing RENT SAUCE eetho “ait \ BS. (eon serv 3 = W83 { ne qiiet ond 2088 seine wee [uo [leer esis = wets We ger Be mee = g. 33 903 | us onus too /s = 4% 3: jou [co |fusotee= 50 | fot use st)/3 = s1e6 | [seit [wo [(orerids 200 go! (sor bores a= 48-33 a es 1s jacit_| 60 joo [aoa [as = gro fee aN —> Apply ahiyrA phd yee centeneal moving Arenoge ae Le Pe 7 | and jewefse.| = oS =H e 7s — is 209 (es | ye X-2014 aby oa uo | lfaast50)he ur. | pinean Trend yation using Least Squane Meno" eee eee aes o | ess] etwas Wee | aie sso = hel U7-S wes = 9 O po 60 50 i Exy 2 285 = -O-HI6 ans 45 | GA Sao = S184 ‘ Ext 60 i s396 | _____t rare G0 (ba75+ss95]o- 5395, ys Giitt (-[Link])X | i | trend Cquation re eas : f aa i - atae _ | Encoded volue of 2086 48 | 90s - 9019 = 6 Encoded volue oF 9030 15 g030-2019 = 44goles Jor 8085 ys gyti-ouiel Sales Jon 9030 y = 61.4) = Ould!) vn couartion for the given rd a aict he sae ay Develop” o Linear tne’ using Least Saunt mt g0as and 3030 sles (y)]nadex -901-5) XY TX so mus _[-225_ | 20.05 oT yo | es [res | eas | 25 | -26 [ais [605 60 -Lo | 65 =0.5 __|-38.5 a eee ss VS | 925 | aas $s. 2-S 160-5 | 62S 60 35 20 | 19.85 ae 4.6 224 pos | eer ger el £428 n=lo ntl ott SSeS Tr Avene of SE 6M yea gett 000 2 9019-5 Encoden x = x -3010°S Lintan ‘Trend equation Laing Least Syvore method 2 of 2030 1S _ 21069 Epeodedt vole goa - 001948 gales [v7 0030 yc eoste ~ ous (to-5) . ' “ : von Melbed _y Trend eauation ust Lineon mega ss!” Rant using Line — + bx i ye be - bev abe - hen sexy EG: - n Ex;? — (ZXi) 1) Develop a [meas dnend equation gon Pe gin | data using Lrncon negnession nethock. Predict the sales fon 2025 ana 8030~f.. .. teanatl @ | Yeonta)_ salto) x so predicted sales qon 909 Predicted sales Ten 2030 13 KE [ue “6615 2 0.460%] Lre y= 660153 -0-95(25) 30 ye lt. 153- 0250) 2 ie Sue to (1913) ~ (is) (or) 10485) ~ (ms)? ee syenccast he ales Jor yn the given dala. Ass Seasenal Indexing gil quarters of yean go2s rea olerzarel fort Steet 1400 Jycone | deal 9092 | y0a3 | 20a r lah pee St | \ ses was | b0 410 ( ‘ lower COmP nade! Quant one ; a ghen component (wluwn wise), yoo” he Avinageé fe sales 1 Trdew (Peto gens: Finel yror wis 2 ole) ghep2'- corn pul ¢ season sade ott 6, | 8 ous a 18 ers snc | ae lo jou ee Bit> gitp3s Compute Average Gane Le (aint Roo wise Avene wing using on sonecostin usi imple éxponertial smeoM 20.33] 2224] Avs S* ‘pprmeach CFinst ‘onder Differarretien lhevn neh pia | 8 | 180 AB Xda t (1-~) fz 230 + = ge go other focka (4) anus | 034 \Ovas ei goneastea yalue at gimet Jojo | ats [o-té i’ 5 we | demand ot ime te wa a time 0% avy FJ? (ris dla? + rat ha) /y = is fa Jon june Moy 2% 190 285% on a: ost te ap 8 90% 9.88 4.9, 0D/ v= 2a} yy hive? the sales : smooth 2 Sine UMP cast ie in pone caste sales Jan =uly on hiv step Assumal derond ym ¥ 902s = 1600 a raethod 208 sumed demand auanten WISE = te = 109 Pe +(r9 & mw: Fee cxcnel eE Aig teal SE» Guay .- fx) Fan . 2st eo # Demand § @ oa Fg oR = dg HOD = (0-3)(u)* (0.2) (#") = 4g Fy = 0-4] fa = gett x u00 “2 408 ion > * Dees (1-*) Fes 5 = fore) (13) + (079 (403 ge 0-36¢400 fons) (us) + (09 ) 2 tus Faun? 41-34 a = 016x000 ‘ Fem = & Prent (1-8) Fen = & 0.3) (G0) * (0-9) (4! 39) ale 4 Hint: computed stler 4 Gat 47 Ge © Assumed Demand us.098) = utot Got + Juu t6u =o Daym't (1) Fen e (S28 eltee = o-3) (us) + (D(HFag = Bag tC Fon UNnET=4 f= watarlone ry Unset cr ye [eg | fa, JE? fen” HyPoTHES TS TESTING Fosat = ual ~ J fs Jat JO” Jee HypoTHEst? Fo jun y, (Null ypothesis) qo}. student will clean the exoms nnate Aypothesis) vo y “led Hi Ge ‘0 ne co qoy. stotent will vot clan the ovam ob significance ae “0 > Let! of i gel gor will be cornet & 07 will be ee in error aoe Hy poltiesis Tasting ve tot (02 table) MAD? 55 is ateps* wa? ire be steps aked ho ent Ho MSE Met ‘ a sfoam ple sive <20) X-w t stoncland popolohin Caltulate Zralue 2 = “a Ws given fs population mean, deviation 7° sample Sie Uy 8 assumed mean, % nis Stondand Population : math. y weal std tat wt? be Age * is sone on « [sample size < 30) uso dail test(H#) tate 4 Toll -4at, bias anit ail tat (>) igt dail tat (hie)- wtwo lal dat is used when te My + Aas Right tail tad is vied when» Wo * Ay ¥leqd bail dot i card when My te #0 . My 280 gees wn't lie in ee" deeeplante anea. 4 ys De ‘em Go He fs needed aad Hs Det ena i, ig accep tO del a 7 He 4 by ig nesecte Tavpiens 2 tle any value gneaten than bow! ra -h4 mie whs eile Laulsfowu 2 enitical value dno zlable Jo Se o.0 | ro Enidoy. 4 (cot value) 006 - 40.06 1 | | A. +146 We a.0s Abe Ex 4 Hy is Rejected! 224-64 Ex> ip 229.88, Me OO 7 7 =! a 9.58 1-9 fxs the value is i = ip ze aes He is caccepte > Zrowe Hen pee = 10G, Het T 495 6106 Reyected | . . 3 4a) the value 9 eet Reltenes \ ip 25-305 Ho '® ejection Phen anierh Cag Pe gus hi Piven. Zhe yeo032 Pen acceptance 8) & Left dail dad? i ik 90F ou # vb | sass Lo kart Lasse oie L aan Tole Awe fee Any value af Zgtre ind Z> -h0k Jon X= Hs. accepted ho accepted a Reiection Sheath | Coitical2value Joo acc io’ 13 FF eae on te side sep Cohicat L volue Yorarable Jom x= ry. #8 25700| (rikisal Z — two fail test” KES x, ah zy F 0.086 0.06 ¢ teacher claims that overage Scone op Hy dent Jon subject 4 }s mot less than 95% hes 3 whe assumphan Corr be aecepped oF dhe wel 08 igicance G7 FIVER 2 jamople of ae Tith mean value of 92. ancl Slondand side on devotion be plo yp de? 1S yas 75 Ga Igt tal test) Tues F006 zechae | NaC zevibtal fon 320-08 Nypolbetical Me = 78 Acceet He 82 = $1440.06 comple ean 9% = page zet he = 1a gample Site = 2° lotion sid-deviahon > 1s (Aoly ZH4 Bere ae 28% 20.05 gince poP-Std Hz 0100s He is accepted : Gwviation 3 $e) 1 ~254 2 C95F Calalated Arve i 4.5 (0.005 * a ae 2S 35 —— fro a= 008 fe oe a a 3.44 Zeaibial fon Ez 0.005 is 9.54 ——— ayrlor Zale $70 gee sed een gi yputed Egy d-1eu 7 te is Re aT =1ouez Sibu Zecnbe ibaa Mo is acapteal w= 0105 (My: Ny? 4s Hy: Wes Caooly Tete ti! tet) typobedical 4h = 98 get ns do we hs we 547005fw: (aleulatel Zntue * Sine (ompaled Zatve 3) The claim of the *Monvfoct defechive pnoducl ¢s not mene Somple sige 9 95 M ded deviation of 2-7 pan 5.96 > le bu (trom tnbie) No 1's Aceepled . ven i6 thot Noreben of had a meal «ee Zz Tes 725.4) i 7 4 bn x20-09 Zoolue bom ziubie f ea cl ‘ailervaty | ral bend) (816; Seat $I 6 Lae thon 10 Pen doy nvolue J? aes lude ig you @P accany Jocbyer at soryglevel Wf significny| Qawe = 1dtoo¥ > bok Vand b. were claim of morulacten ef "number ecepled bis of delecte és always tesa Mon 19 ¢3 aiceped. af io'/s level af signidrrone 1 gnom doble $0 w= SH 2008 ‘ a ait Zs hbtoou $1.64 “pc7 RA 22 $ pe Bey Zoos a} monulacten 0) mumbo ped 1 cloim hive is always less fran (2 ace ep! the &cloim o) manu fy HH, S10 J tmubtea | He #8 - - foil test) 7 09 olejec H, tHe? 10 (Arply Ratt to (test) a Sn Se eo ne gon we ih = 0-0! fe = 934002 2h = 10 (hypothetical volue) Ze os _ dest) - 219,38 fop sd Deviation = 3 A peely 2 a3 Computed Zyouie = Kode ~ 3.908 hei pales . lo 1S ! ade I ae Ys accepted + Clorm of monugacten op number -fS. « af oe fective 8 loys lon Then 10 Mas — | te Gecephtd at 17. lever} $4 ni jicane | fs Zybe from ole Tem ae YA cool drink company claims ihe aulomatecl | pmocess fam piling the bottles aonking pore ‘lth stomd/ bettie, Giver a sample *] 30 bottles os mi arecl populate? with The mean value of §melo, dper-l=9 ¥r32 “wpleste detaton = 18 Lapoly ¢ tat) fe ged Ory qn From + table fon ded pets [since Ae ee y A ie < 29,05, dE7 Hy is accepted at X= 0-05, dp 24 (reqhers “| 2005 xe 2 OL » dpznt=F ge ch38 (lat tail) a x: cls K=00l dj n-l=4 -2.92 ig is. accept eave arriving kee “| aims t's axcepted) a Zao 4 87 ; , pe ie Ti cosa fat goble for aged, 29% o1e8 7 sald he accepted ah Yew qe 3 0.50NA zncled ys accepted Hescone of Subject OEM 4 EM) i n Claims thet the tea packin eam nanoge Ie \ 4 "Teochen claims avertagé ple 5:96 09 10 bith Lmpie yy THe is under contnal 4 packs exactly 09” fea aghinest 70> fiver 0 Sim gtandane! deviation a} 2 and mean value of 3, G accept the teacher Claims at $7 2 gait aa on you ae toa se dea jon. ven asmple Oo) sige ao wil ore lel a signidicane’ + Mean a $03 "4 somple std deviation 4 30.6 re | Ay: Hee c= 40 ccd jhe. manages 's cloim at I, 5 anol Sa A Be > 40 of gto fi seins th . ick _ on claims the packing an i nelo, df nd po He: Bor 90? eng maeey pe Kev og Wh ok “Ss ee 2 ae opp nd Avion 213 (40004 tot) zao dlerl® t Gobo pe 2 43.5] ‘atte 30.6 Gry te) fed) Ae "Ye a ancani % 30 | gro + table fon abate 6 "a aiigapeds faince # ig tee it tnt) ge th83 (Right tall tat) yeoens *f RF ge tees ee ts nat accepted! at since compte 4 vale tis 20.05, Ab29 (Teach | in, aceentencs: fe #8 ae at pred +R jes onde ” Clan e oceesied's ACRE OP em aim miected), Cannel at evel of sii fon felo'l = ort, dps ria? t= hk fon Kz SAS He OORS + dpetts t = 9.093 since coroputed + valué bes tance anta- He es. Ho t's Reject J pre in accep A\ a gece pled» Packing ane © ‘unden conto | ot 5% Jevel 2 leo t= 2,098 a al Peon ee \gnipiconce At ant iG . fon espe Se pe Is rejected « cep Le 0.05 5 d]e My tet RIM " \ea ginco compukd vahue (ies in occePhe nea Me is_accepted + Paving unre “5 unden contnot at 107 level 0? Significance Dn. Pa) 20005, fitAu 5 % + He 1, £80 (og scone is ‘Han &) ors—t—=“! =. chix Sauer Fest of hypetseae Hy 30 (Right Jail dest) x 4, ue is @ 707 MeGohive, vahe Hypothekical mean, Al, = 80 p ci Sam va Sompl tek jatnibubvon conve a ¢hi- S : omple Hean R> SS = Blas Eh ont ae ed date jauane is Sample stl asitiv : ple. stl deviohon & = (Gia Favor Right 42"! tut] | Wei | => o= 6.386 j Ae Gomple size 1 =e E-He sas = 80 a Sathu/s pe 088% | 3) cht -sawone Aest “of trdepend en c+ [ Associobon paris | two Cotegonital van vo bla]. compylel + east aes” | nas Tue voniables ane independent wlue bes in acceptance anea oa: Tae voniables ote dependent computed £ 0.5134 t valve Jnom tobb, ; 065135 + 1-87 3) chi= Savane dest oh Moreegen ly? [ two sonela Pr ore hem age nove om met] tao tam ples eae homegenio¥® Hy is accepied : Claim of the teache? ts accepted at 57 level ob Ha? Significance Hes Tae sem te? one not Homogensous- > s0r- &) Computecl Value of ts obsenved value ‘s expected valu«7 from dable ; degnee of freecb™ = ae > . ' Lh £———agive Ciro) A (oiuey Pil Pal) ly chi—squane fest to ociahion b/s gender arch of level Signidion, Pa \ fon the given data app there's any ass Colon at 57 verily Row vilué # Column volue anand total Gaio-1) tr ~ ') a Penjom mance ay ped __ Oaeca_ Pk fy Tuale Tuo | 70 | ® | es { Joe | oP srrael ‘mole | we [ao [10 | 0) Female | go | 6S {70 | 19s | Frain | 108 85'| 82 1315 + ptirmd total | ctietae | jets 2 6.94 From fable %* 5.4 ae te (2) (c-) 00S tea) re nh , 0-05 inwoe| oo | 65 | | é: oh? | teal 0-038 Sieud | 18.58 6.3 | eink 304? | -90.u? | 13.76 Red 60, | 61-90 | - 1-90 0.058 | gol | Gover | €5/ [esc | ies? | AUR J pink | 30 [ 9.52 4b te 195x135 pt 8 xe Eta 5 33-al4 ois obseaved. E; 8 expected value Roos wise sum ‘column wise um e tnand total E;(uODneed = 102x100. = 38.09 . 3S | E70 nomen = pagxt9s, 2 ht? 316 on ane independent preference of ol fon one depenclent | Het fender an el preference o8 © Ht bende ani 2 ae j since computed x°> tabulan x* =| 33.219 > 5-7 aaa Hoce He ''? nejecteol ea | i . wg Jude thene i's Ape dy X257 Hence we can cone! dependency belueen | oy wetoy, =e i From table gp. bea genden and penjenence of colon. | | Hy i nejectect 33.019 24-6) | | |} 2) Apply Chi-squane test a} inde pendence, « ~ 7 [rmrntin [oe | Bihom [HP w |w | 0 | % lao pice) co | 6s | .% | 60 [ass ismse c] 50 | so | 6 | 20 | J2io| Tso | as | mo | 170 [65 yg: dd = (3) (u-D=& X=5/. =0.05 Disase | state | O% | 8) Je, “Tkan | 40 095° Discowal_mp_| 70 | 66.3 | “3 Ons | Tainan | 10 | 25.84 Hp__| 90 96.05, 60 0-196 3-23 = 5.5y 0.047 50 0.334 Discasec 20 2.533 | Bhan | 6o | 6.913, | [up [ao | 20-4ole BOM oy Wh yanrely x test op hemdgenity for the 9 yea - dein of 1 Dead gp sign pate given aa fe er, ln | Ee “gnades | section® | [schon BI al * i. i eptonce negion A 60 +0 130 ont computed x? 2.38 lies in ace as i" reg | that He is accepted Lrenjonman © 3 30 as | 99 rte chon B stedents 1S pomogen ous). |_| | oa a I Fo 05 ‘6 |” ee ee [ 200 Y: Hes penjon monce of section AGB ane hernogenous (samel cual) yt pengonenance op. sectio@ A 5B vot hemogerng | ad aloe Joe qabley eGR es | 2 | Xoo wails zoel | dia | sted sul | x2_value 470 aleUNTT=5 ———— Jul ela >, Be ja Ee DATA, UNDERSTANDING. ae sa [ss yo | 90 aehon (Pata selector) ) significant Featune extn BD dala ‘Trans; a) Darla cleaning 4) Data integration Jonmiation «0 [60 L «|| > Data Tntegnation + wh 4 4 ase = " Vesiicet DE Honigowtal DI L time OS <2 » | Par Blane} 40 | #0 | 80 ’ student pensonel defailsllf tobi) soo | une | wine] So] tof $2 4 7 55 a) fore aeee oR] aac roms sent | ES Tana] 2 aeRO : mn The | X¥Z ast) S90 20. | see ae ul NOL sya { PAR | ton e Sie 3 40 | 60 | —_ ae — len jeie| [Ser tete ter] | LEM veya fsnlef mee] map ‘lees | 1916202 : gets [0 [U5 | wednete 3826 | > Right OF outten Joint | “full cotter Bin lejt Toble. ers vo ; Honigortal ibe @ bo BQ loniao I y Lage cutter In a Kauisoi” onthe Soi? eight outten Tol fom _Right outlen 30? 7 ‘ 5 pull puttin Tol” usw iwame | cM [eee | D | = PAR | Bune |ko | 70 | 80 | Ban sei [MNe |nilere| so | 90 | 60 Equi sern csio | WP _[peihi | 70 [ 60 | 32 na RAE eam Pl 625 | wie | Nucl to | 4s | Ho fave memainind stac| we | aver [a6 | s0 | 80 snecgna fom POPE Strip) [wee | Noel 60 | #0 | SO ™scaling :- ample fon Decimal > Data Trans fonmation :- #® Types :~ Fon full outten Join fon, outten Join: xampl! ~ ae U9 b 155 6, 40 . 2 [Sy Hb, 757 6 vat wame | City | $1 [sa ole 90 | PaR_| Bllone| uo | > sn See ee | a 1, 15 = g,01us Sr100 | MNC | Mlone| $0 | 20 wee? a i : | Pete we ‘Delhi | 30 | bo. | Eeess [ee pnt fo 0 |v = | stac | nua | aut | us | 50 : | [sem [wae [neat [50 [90 yus_| 2 | [tuo [ere [Pune _[ ne Ho ¢ yas | oe | feet FBC | Tummbon) mut | MULL | Figs | 0.0078 jo | x¥A | Simla [Wow | Now ¢_| 00008 = yo | 00H : ~ ) ‘Apply any foun dota dnansjonm ation rethod Jon he ) Decimal scaling given dota . ylie a gig. Praseiraumn snumnben of digits in Mia; Os 600 Ss 20, 9 10° tangest absolute valve in given dota] D® 0 4S» 50, 60 e " ps-Somed dota + ao, 4 7 3) Min Max sonmalizahion used to fonce Ihe given |i Fosom] Rosse ; 8 Min ~ Nast: Honmalieaor = scone] Re | dota to fall in the user specifiedl Parge ese 4 ot, -1 te tly ~5 to 45. a Siete | 2 0026 | -0- en er See o Voge Vain nange 0 tet : qe ) ase | 0-8 182 0-6 3) Z-Scone Tronsfonmoton { Lene (| eae : Robust 2-Seoe v7 , ge We , Decimal sealing <2 Ha. Deviahon ' 4 E % ped mes oes siden > = FF som hu) Robust Z-Scone tnansfonmahon aia = Us ill =_—< Min Mon Melboc! - a A eet oe Po y= Wein 2 YOM / a= Gln) = 4 @) = B= 16 Vy wan 5 TER= As @ vie 7 H pe ee | a a nea” Va Von Go-80 ug op 3088 a4 et | scone = aornd = 30 og aorude 2 Sia deve 9 8 = Bomie g WagersHy icon IS FarT (15 sox t0:1 5 504, sim) 4 re) 4a = Wy beoin is mot jain ovy op} ug sh data” 5° r@Re O-@ . 2 p evens 0 Heady fit $0-l- of 900 =" Wo ts E> = = ce qoil | uo | 10° j i Ved cae from cotculo tion ieee. 52 wd cai aa from xX? fon dp 4, ee5h 2005 Sid deviation = | Cie = 18-26 gts 8H Ah Joa av = . . x Z a “4 wa] 30 529 2384 ue = : . KES. dye 2 ws fafa ip is accepled since xtag [res in qereptame O70 So [FF ag ge dp 2 Lond sy level of spniBonee 60 ee a7 | lealoted ¥f> 2 se ERO Ei = From, toble Xx? gon dg ely e204 nit ie . Kear 4 mn n> Ki Ht A bodes fF ya 8 accented a . 3 Hy ee ossumphion i$ true. e2t0% dbz! y Hy: Theonehi assumption is Fal ; TT ine ‘ . ) suppose a dice is hewn 0 wee i Ls. ; 1) suppose ‘ : - following’ mesu centute dice 8 See a coin is tossed goo times with the gallowig | pice naw ben Trequent cn te Heod + 99 | i 3 jin Tail 10 + 30 : Conclude iy he Coin is Yoin at $7 ond tor/> Ievel 3 us of Significance. 4 2 ee é as 1 © cay 5 Se peeledfy) Hy! Dice is a dove ole (ynbobitity oP lie g dice i some) on H,! Dice is not jain Or] nurbter ae Fie = e ates 3 a pe ome) HOLL 1a 146 eee as loo beets ny Total ime die thaem = 120 be 2 os in Ere TO oo ee From calculation’ 34-5 Fram y* jon df 26ct2 5) KENE£ 01 29.04 af L Hats nejected f pree is nota balm ott S aie edge 8 ete 210t dl=S c= 10"1 Tad cssumes the, rreaulls of a \subieed fos a. 123192] Monclude" i the teach nance han beste Gon, be occepted of 57 Itl signi qeachen clains nalts aA vs eel M$: [mods] 07 gree, © es 4 Pennie ey +2 pesutts de net wil oe. mit aae ag katte. | se Bets F ny at ‘gus aol widen Ho (£0;) ge Lito) > uae a trae = 20,95 gem c* “a. (190) = W854 Lue 242k fi hl aa B py fon Fe xt 9.d8US m “leulotio? rah gi * peur! Fino from y? fable gon a x 2 S72 008 2. 9.8) Hy ss accepted. dete 1) pata selection 2) Dota clea"? aa é 3d Data ransom” a numencal oats 4) Date gntegnetion aa 2546ay Date leon "Got fle msn lak & reglect/detete. the itonds. with ay data @ rephace rnissing dole SOME a a @Perlace missing data by mean volue oh + (lub, Replace missing dee by clans NE HPP of that column @ Replace missin Classif iens tit | 9 dota by using piedichiay roe thai/ a. yectm™ ” Woe 7 ta selectoni- Pow) -wse col urvn wise Lamp seems) (Feonne selection) Fiten nappa depends on ML method g fiten re | ¥ Fits one independ wnoppen op me indent ly Kinappen raeth ad one Idependent on ML Jon peaten® Gelection- lc provide. promt ing/ babi featine subset | L¢ complex and time | HE Featine subse! neal elev ont a ¥ simple ard less me consuming , Consuming wate bain CADE ous yi apo (Faso Fon: ation 9) Adtnibutes fete a sa seteckion 9pg,a2] 6105 A203 ond seleeb'oe. Elimination atraansennlste] 2 Gls Ate hay #50 A Jar hey 439 rd = Sats 9a, AG Remoring innelevant aement 07 Tea) element unwon