GW series 41 USEFUL STUFFS PHYSICS FORMULAS Measurements o Pemv 2° Smallest unit of measurement eo P=Ft by; © Impulse; )=Pxt= AP © Measurement tape + 1 cm or o J=dP mm ‘© Lawof conservation of © Meter rule orhaif meter rule > momentum; p = 0 0.4 cmor1 mm ‘© _Blasticcollision in one © Vernier caliper + 0.01 em or dimension; (v1 + v2] =[VI'e 0.1 mm wy] 0 Screw gauge + 0.001.¢r% or © Magnitude of projectile 0.01 mm velocity: VE = V(vita"2+ o Ossr wfy*2] 9) © 2nrad= 360° © Height of projectile: H © 360% 1 revolution vi2sin20/2 oT radian = $7.30 © Time of fight; T= 2 vi sino/g 1 degree = 60 minute ‘oTime of summit or time to © Lmynute » 60 seconds reach to highest point; T= vi © Angle at circle is 2m radian, sin@/g, © Angle at sphereis 4 © Range: R = vi2 sin 20/g steradian. © Rmax=vi2/g © Volume of slid cylinder = mr2i @ R= Rmaxat 450 © Area of sphere = 4mrz: © Work and Bnet © | Volume of sphere =4/3-ar3 o Wardens® 2) Dimensionofvelocity = [LT-1] 9 Powersp=W/t or p=FY ©, Dimension af acceleration= BING writs = fart (Lr-2} 0 Thp= 746 watts © Energy of photon = hi o KE= Yaw? ©) Time period of pendulum; T= — ¢ PE=mgh anvil/e) ° = output/input = W ‘Vectors and equilibrium xD/PX © Commutative property of 0” Circular motion ‘Yector= AeBl= BoA 6. Absolute potential energy =Pr © Px =Feosd = - Geile te (: because work. © Pye Fsind is done against gravity) o Fav( fFx) 2. fry] *2) © Gravitational potential = E/m = © AB=AB cos GMe/Re o AxB=ABsin@ © Forescape velocity compare © Sealar piaduct; work and KE with Absolute potential power energy; vese « v( F2GM1 © Vector product, torque -e/r.e)-+vesc= Vf [2gr] 0) o terxP © G8 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2kg-2 © First condition of equilibrium: = Re=6-4x 106m IF=0 0 Men 6x 1024 kg. ° Second condition of Vese = 11.2103 ms-1 equilibrium; Sr = 0 Wh &KEth=+ (Wh =loss in Motion and Force potential energy) o ves/t © Loss in P.E = Gain inn KE + o asv/t work dowe against friction o vi=wvisat 0 E=mc2 (c= 3x 108 ms-1) oO Ssavit+ at? 0 Rotational and circular motion 0 2as=vi2-vit @ Angular velocity; = A6/At o Szvavext © Angular acceleration; a= o Vave=(vi+vf)/2 dw/At»a=axr © g=9Gms2= 3202 o vere o Fama o Fe=mv2/r o asv/t BANK OF MCQS goo ofiee Past Papers ac = (v2/7) ‘Centrifugal force= my2/r Fsin@ = mv2/r Feas 8= mg Tan @= v2/er ‘Torque = r F=rma= rm (ra) =(r2m)a=la Moment of inert 12 Ring or thin walled cylinder inertia(I)=MR2 Discor slid cylinder inertia = Ye MRZ Disc ineftia = 44M (R22 + R12 ) Solid sphere inertia = 2/5 MR2 Solid rod or meter stick inertia 21/12 MI2 Rectangular plate inertia = 12M (a2+b2) Angular momentum &L = rx p Sem =rmna =F2ma= lo L=rmy—b/t=rmy/t rma= reer Lee Linear kinetic energy = 4 mv Rotational kinetic energy = ¥ tor Velocity ofhoop = v= Vph Velocity of disc = v= V¢4/3 gh) Critical velocity « v« 7,9 kmz ‘The orbital velocity = ¥ =¥( E GM] -e/t) Lift at rest + T =w: Lift moving downward + = w= ma Lift moving upward +7 = w+ ma Lift falting freely = T mg-ma = 0 Frequency for artificial satollite f= 1/2n vig/r) Fluid dynamics Drag force = Fd = 61m rv ‘Terminal velocity +vt= [ 2pgr *2/(9n) Continuity equation = At v1 = Aavz Av=AV/At= constant Om/St = pAV/ot Bernoulli's Equatio v2 + pgh = constant ‘Torricell's Theorem + v= v2gh +hBOMESaRIS ° Flow meter or the venture meter -+v1 =V(@eh/((A.1°2)/(A.2"2)-1)) Oscillation Frequency —f=1/T Angular frequency + 0 = 2nf- Time period + T = 2n/o Velocity of projection -+ vy = wv (er2xt2) ‘Simple pendulum time period T= 2nV(L/g) Simple pendulum potential energy = ¥6 kx? Simple pendulurs kinetie energy = ¥ kxO2 -4ekx2 ‘Total energy af simple pendulum = ¥f kex02 Resonancefrequency = Fn = nf Phase =wt Waves Trohsverse wave speed —+ van(TxL )/M orvev(t jm Longitudinal waves speed -* w=vEE Vo. Phase change-+ 2m = A Phase difference» 6 = 2n/h Speed of sound by newton — ¥ = ¥((p-m gh)/p) = 2831 ms-h Laplace correction += V({ [ Yo} am gh)/p) = 332.ms-1 Chap No.11 ELECTROSTATICS Le 1.602% 10-196 Q=ne ‘Coulomb's Law: Fe k (qi aya Ke 1/4neo K29.0x 109N m2C-2 t= 8.85 «10-12. C2N-1 m-2 ers efed Fmed = (F vac)/er E=F/q=W/d=Ka/r2 @=EAcosOeNm2C-1 o=Q/e0 Edue to sheet of charge; f= o/ze Edue to charge palates; E™ afe Vaw/Q=u/Q Volt = Joule / Coulomb Electric potential energy: U = KQq/r Electric potential; V= W/Q= Fe/Q=KQ/r Potential Gradient = av/ar TeV =1.602 x 10-19Cx1V > (LeV= 1602 x 10-19]) C=Q/V=CV-1 =farad 412 © Chargedensity; o= Q/A Cvac= Q/V = (e0A}/d= (eer aya er=Cmed / Vac Capacitors In Series; Q=Q1=Q22Q3 VeVi + V2+V3 A/Ce= 1/C1 + 1/62 +1/C8 Capacitors tn Parallel, Q=Q1=Q2=Q3 VeVI+V29V3, KO=C1 + (2+ 3 Electric dipole; P= qd Energy = U = UV/2= CV2/(2) = 1/2 (a0 er)/d (Ed) Energy density; w=U/Ad=1/2 oer E2 © Maximum charge on capacitor =Cxremf © g/a0=632% for eokooceoooe oc charging © a/ad=367% = for sdischarging © qzq0(Let/RC) for charging © qeqdet/RC for discharging © CURRENT ELECTRICITY © Current} = tC st eA © Drift velocity order = 10-5 m/s. o VIR @ TanO=1/V=1/R © Resistance, R=W/l — 10 = IW/IA R= oL/A > am ¢), Conductance, G=1/R Siemen(S) or mho © Conductivity, = 1/p=L/RA =+mho/m or Sm (0 Pure metals R ine with T inc lectrolytes and insulators, R dee with T ine. © AReGROT +RT =RO ir) © Temperature co-efficient of Resistance, a= RT -RO/ROT ake pT, 90 (1300 OR a= pT -pO/poT + 1 © Electromotive Force, ¢=W/q + L volt = 1 joule/coulomb: © Opencircuit,|= 050 Vee ‘© Terminal Voltage, V= ¢- Ir © Power, P=W/t=VI 1 ‘Watt =1Vx 1A @ 1 kWh = 1 unit of electrical energy © 1j=1WxIs BANK OF MCQS Past Papers Maximum output power, (Pout)max = £2 /4r = £2 /4R ‘Thermoemf, ¢= aT + ¥ PTZ KCL, BI=0 KVL, fe= 2V<2IR KCL based on L.0.C:0.CHARGE KVL based on LO.C.0.ENERGY ‘Wheatstone Bridge, X= PQ/R Potentiometer, e2 /e1 = 12/11 Tan @=1/V=1/R ELECTROMAGNETISM Foree on current carrying wire, =BiL sin 8. Magnetic field or magnetic induction, B= F/IL 1 tesla =1 NA-baed 21 Wom-2 1T=104G Magnetic Plux, =B.A cos @ > 1Wbs INmA-t Ampere's Law,\B o ‘Abcoalp on tlbreat catrying coil, t=NBIA cos 8 Pestoring torque, / t=C8 Galvanometer, NBIAcos®=C @ +1=Co/NAB + i«8 Conversion of galvanometer Into ammeter, small R connected in parallel Conversion of gelvanometer into voltmeter, large Rin Series are connected Ammeter, Rs = Reg ig / (I= lg) -+ Ideal arnmeter —+ OR Volumeter, Rh = (Wns) Re ~ Ideal voltmeter — i ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION Faraday’s Law, «© « N (8/41) —e=N(AO/At) LenzLaw, ©==-N(4@/At) Flux motional emf, ¢ = Bly sin 6 Rate of work done, W= Bil© Rate of production of electrical energy. energy =el 0 Weenergy + Bilv=e += Biv o Power, P= Fy © esLAl/At ore=NAG/At = L=N © Selfsinductance, L= N@ /L oO e=MAl/at ore=Nab/at > MI=N@ © Mutually inductance, M = NO a o Fait © Induced omf, «= NAB cost oF NAB w sinest © ex emaxsin wt o Backeml, Vee co Ns/Np=Vs/V ip /is © PHYSICS OF SOLIDS © Elassic modulus = Sires /(Strain ) o Tensile stress=F/A) Tensile strain = AL/L. © Young medulus= (E/A)/(OL/L) = Nm-2 © | Shear stress = F/A © Shear strain = Ax/y = tan@ © Shear modulus ® rigidity modulus = (F/A/(x/y) = F/Ao i © Bulkor volume stress = F/A ©) Bulle modulus (in fluids) = Bp = F/A © \Volume strain = Av/V © Bulk modulus = (F/A)/(- AVY) = Bp/f 8V/V) © Stress o strain (Hook's law) o ASnr2 ° W=%éFe (work done on stretching wire) oeamooe0c6o 6 Gedlon000c00 & coeoee 0 413 Strain energy = ¥% Fe Strain energy per unit volume = 1/2 (Fxe (Ax) =% (stress) (strain ) DAWN OF MODERN PHYSICS E= m0 2 L=Lo vi((i=v2)/e2) ‘T= t0-Vi(1=v2)/c2) M= mo V(1=v2)/c2) max T = 0.2898 x 10-2 mk (Wein’s displacement law) Eset (Steffan-Bolts Law) = §.67 x 10-8 Wind K-# Beane Kémax= e V0 Kemax=hf-o Hi0=@= he/a Kémax= hf-HA0 Hi=KE+he Bstyinn tos aa=E/(m0) Aj =1/f + E/{m0 ¢) 1-cos0 Ephoton = Eclectron + Epositron Photon rest mass energy= 2m0cd= .02MeV h/le= mve- + mves d=b/p=b/mv Bp=h/a/ / and xs k (p)(dx) = (BE)(At) = ATOMIC SPECTRA 1/04) = R( 1/QP2)- 1/0023), R=FO/he Res 1097 107m-1 mur = nh/2r. h= planks constant = 6.6256 x 10-34)5. E=hf=En-Ep 9000000 9 #0500000 0 ob oo oigle é Past Papers m= (n2h2)/(4-0kme2) En=- (2x2 2kmed }/(n2 hz) En =+£0/(n2 ) = 2.17 10-18 i/n2= +136 ev/ nd fa sade l= 053 0A, 10A= 10-m 2nrenh eV himax=he/Amin Amin = he/eV excited state for 10-8 s metastable state for 10-3 5 NUCLEAR PHYSICS Nuclear size is ofthe order of 10-14 m ‘The mass of the nucleus is of the order of 10-27 kg. Me mv2=Vq Bay = mv2/? Bqy = mv2/r bm = Bar/v Yemv2 = Vq- v2 = 2Vq/m Som qr282/2V ‘aii = Zinp #Nmn -M(AZ) ‘The binding energy iy MeV is 931 x Am, ‘The binding energy per ‘nucleon = Eb/A. Onl — 11 + -1p0 + anti neutrine 12 MIN N/ateAN R= aN/t=aN N= NOe-Rt 1Bq® 1 decay per second Cl = 3.70x 1010 decay/s ATM» 0.693, ‘The charge on ut andic, im term of electron is +2/3e. ‘The chargeon st and bin term of electron is -1/3¢. proton =20-D, neutron =U =2/