September 13, 2024

Activity 1

Instruction for Making Plate No. 1 : Borderline

Subject: Technical Drawing

Objective: The purpose of this plate is to teach students the proper techniques for creating a precise and
well-proportioned borderline in a technical drawing. This will help develop attention to detail, accuracy,
and consistency in technical drafting.

Materials Needed:

1. Drawing Paper (or A4 size) –

2. Technical Drawing Pencil (preferably H or 2H for light lines, HB for dark lines) or any Pencil

3. T-square

4. Set square (30°-60° or 45°)

5. Ruler (preferably 12 inches or 30 cm)

6. Compass (optional for corner detailing if necessary)

7. Eraser

8. Drafting tape (optional, for securing the paper)

9. Drawing Board (optional)

Step-by-Step Procedure:

Step 1: Prepare Your Workspace

• Secure your drawing paper on the drawing board using drafting tape (optional but helps avoid
movement).

• Ensure the paper is flat and aligned properly to avoid skewed lines.

Step 2: Position the Paper

• Use your T-square to align the paper to the edge of the drawing board. This will help in drawing
perfectly horizontal lines.

Step 3: Draw the Borderline

• Top and Bottom Borderline:

 1. Measure 10 mm (1 cm) from the top and bottom edges of the paper.

2. Draw horizontal lines lightly at the measured points using the T-square and pencil.

• Left and Right Borderline:

1. Measure 10 mm (1 cm) from both the left and right edges of the paper.

2. Using your T-square and set square, draw vertical lines at these points.

Ensure all borderlines are light and consistent. Re-check measurements for accuracy.

Step 4: Title Block

• In the bottom-right corner of the paper, create a title block. Follow the measurements given by
your instructor, or if unspecified, use the following standard:

o Height of the title block: 30 mm (3 cm).

o Divide the title block into sections for information (e.g., Name, Date, Plate Number,
Subject, Scale).

• You can make the borders of the title block slightly darker (use an HB pencil).

Step 5: Double Borderline (Optional)

• If required, you can create a double borderline:

1. Measure 5 mm inside the initial borderline.

2. Repeat the process of drawing lines parallel to the outer borderline.

3. Ensure the space between the two lines is uniform.

Step 6: Final Touches

• After all lines are drawn lightly, review the drawing for errors or inaccuracies.

• Darken the borderlines (especially the outer edges) using the HB pencil.

• Erase any unnecessary construction lines or smudges.

Step 7: Label Your Plate

• Inside the title block, clearly label this plate as "Plate No. ___: Borderline."

• Fill in your name, the date, and any other required information.

Key Reminders:

• Precision is key: Make sure your lines are straight, and measurements are accurate.

• Light construction lines: Always begin with light lines, so mistakes can be easily corrected.
 • Check your angles: Use the set square to ensure your corners and vertical lines are
perpendicular and precise.

• Clean work: Keep your work clean by erasing unwanted lines and avoiding smudges.

Evaluation Criteria:

• Accuracy of measurements (borders and title block)

• Neatness (clean lines, no smudges, proper erasing)

• Consistency of line weight (proper distinction between light construction lines and dark final
lines)

• Proper completion of the title block

SAMPLE
 Actvity 2 1 Whole

Direction: Answer the following questions

Basic Concepts

1. What is the primary function of a refrigeration system?

2. How does air-conditioning differ from refrigeration?

3. Can you explain the basic refrigeration cycle?

4. What is the role of refrigerants in a refrigeration system?

5. Why is heat transfer important in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems?

Components of the System

6. What are the four main components of a refrigeration system, and what are their roles?

7. How does a compressor work in both refrigeration and air-conditioning systems?

8. What is the purpose of the condenser in the refrigeration cycle?

9. Can you explain the function of the evaporator in a refrigeration system?

10. What role does the expansion valve play in controlling the refrigerant flow?

Refrigerants and Environmental Impact

11. What are some common types of refrigerants used in modern systems?

12. Why is the selection of refrigerants important for environmental sustainability?

13. How have refrigerants evolved over time to reduce environmental damage, such as ozone
depletion?

14. What are the potential hazards associated with refrigerants, and how can they be safely
handled?

Heat and Energy Transfer

15. What is the difference between sensible heat and latent heat in the context of refrigeration?

16. How is energy efficiency measured in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems?

17. What is the significance of the Coefficient of Performance (COP) in evaluating system
efficiency?

Applications and Types of Systems

18. What are the common applications of refrigeration systems in daily life and industry?
19. What are the main types of air-conditioning systems, and where are they typically used?

20. How do refrigeration and air-conditioning systems impact indoor air quality and comfort?