ae tiv) Equating the values of 2 from (ii) and (iii), we get 2%/a? = 9b? Similarly from (iii) and (iv), we obtain y%/b? = z%e? =. x%/a® =y*fb® = z%/c® Substituting these in (i), we get x%/a? = 2 ‘These give x = aV3,y = B32 = cB fo) ‘When x = 0, the parallelopiped is just-a rectangular sheet and as such its volume V = 0. ‘Asx increases, V also inereases continuously. ‘Thus V must be greatest at the stage given by (v).. Babe Hence the greatest volume = jence the gres a 1. Find the maximum and minimum values of (OP +98 Boxy (UP-TU,, 2005) Gi)sy + atte + 0%. (i) x3 + By? ~ 16x2—15y? + 72x (Mumbai, 2007), (iv) 29-8) —x4 + y4 (Ovnania, 2008) (o)sin xsiny sin (x +9). 2. hays =8, find the values of x,y for which u = Baysl(x + 2y:+42) is « maximum (SV.TU,, 2007 ; Kurukshetra, 2005) 8. Find the minimum value of 2? +y?+2%, given that Wayr=a? (P-T-U., 2009 ; Osmania, 2003) Gidax +by +e2 =p, (TU, 2010 ; UP-TW,, 2006) y+ ye tar = Ga® (Anna, 2009) 4. Find the dimensions of the rectangular box, open at the top, of maximum capacity whose surface is 432 sq. em, (Madras, 2000 S) ‘The sum of three numbers is constant. Prove that their product is maximum when they are equal, Find the points on the surface 2# = xy + nearest to the origin. (Burduwn, 2008 ; Andhra, 2000) Show that, ifthe perimeter of triangle is constant, the triangle has maxinium area when itis equilateral. Find the maximum and minimum distances from tho origin to the curve Ex? + day + 5y2— 8 ~ 9. ‘The temperature 7 at any’ point (x, y,2) in space is T= 400.xy2*. Find the highest temperature on the surface ofthe unit spherex? + y? 42? « 1. (V.LU,, 2009 ; Hissar, 2005.8) 10, Divide 24 into three parts such that the continued product of the first, square ofthe seeond and the cube of the third ‘may be maximum, (Bhilai, 2005) 11, Find the stationary values oft =x?4+ 93+" subject toms? +by*+2%= Vandls-+myene=0, (VEU, 2008) PPAR PR DIFFERENTIATION UNDER THE INTEGRAL SIGN Ifa function f(x, a) of two variables x and oc (called a parameter), be integrated with respect to x between the limits @ and 6, then fg f(x, a) dx is a function of a : F(a), say. To find the derivative of F(a), when it exists, it is not always possible to first evaluate this integral and then to find the derivative. Such problems are solved by the following rules : (1) Leibnitz’s rule* ten) Iff(x, @) and 72 go continuous functions of x and a, then a » aft, a) ale “twee a dx where, a,b are constants independent of a. ‘See foot note on p. 189.1 234 F Hie TET ttf} feseode = Fo, then Rar b0)—Rad= f° fea ddr f° fa,aode= fP flx0.+ 80) ~ fx, ode + aft, a+ 084) fe flex, a+) ~ Fla, a) = hfs, e+ Oh) = ba [a (0<0< 1) Lee ae ee ten fake tesem rowing ois an 20-0, be, Ht SO=Flad, (ts 048-04, P SFC ax which isthe desired result. d tyant Seaty=at ign] — Petae ott ~ [ate Sa[-ve Now integrating both sides wart. c, Fla) = log (1 + a) + From (i), when «= 0, F(0)=0 & From (ii), (0) = log (1) 1 6, ie, ¢ = 0. Hence (i) gives, a) = log (1 1 0). dx x Solution. Wehave — (" —_@*__ ~ era ert bs Differentiating both sides of (é) w.r-t. a, £ alectad#-3 ge} ad «(-3) (a2 - 0°). 2a f (a+ boos x)” r— mu 0 arbeosx? (a? bP? Now differentiating both sides of (i) w.r.t. b, J ~(o+0.c0s20* cos xa = (a2 —b%%(—26)(@) Leibnita’s rule for variable limits of integration ffx, 0), Ee be continuous functions of sand a, then BLS coas} = (OEM ax « SY etyian ad 2P e199 01 da (ou provided o(a) and wa) possesses continuous first order iit wert o Its proof is beyond the scope of Solution, Let Ray= [° ete) a, Ae) aes 2 {log (1 + ax) dia) log (1+ a) ‘Then by the above rule, F(a) = [* 2 ale) logo) Sal od ean wef at tee J** da sao os log (1+ a) =[—_ lid) Lees ae . Breaking the integrand into partial — ¢—*- at ft D aremae Tee am h ie sgl iat +00 + 2 « Ta *| oe 2) +S roast Tog(+02) , oetan a Ito +a") +0" Jog( +.a°) 4 dtan! @ m+) z ‘Substituting this value in (ii), F* (a) = Tee ‘Now integrating both sides w.r.t. a, otan o Ra) = 5 flog +02) pda eae Untegrating by parts} al Qa sagt tan a = $f tant a fp tan ada] TegPedate = Flog(t +02): tant a +e iti) But from (i), when a= 0, F(0) = 0. From (iii), FI0)=0+c,i.e.,¢= Jog(1 + o*) tan? a Hence (iii) gives, Fa) = 1 Putting a= 1, we get [ Met te = FD = Frog, 2.Ea ‘Hichen Enaneenine MaTieMarics GeEaees 1, Ditfrentiating ("4 =} ean undar the integral sign, Gnd the value of fF yor. 2 Rybuccessve dtfrentnton of f° x" ds=—*— w.rt.myevabunte fo dog sis 8. Evaluate jy logit + @ cos.) dx, woing the mothed of differentiation under the eign of integration, 4. Given that [* mooie ate f° WU, 2009), / [ie se fon bem cn be 6. fy em SEA de = tan Hence show that [~ S27 = 2, Rohtak, 2003) a x 7 i F jog (t + a) where a> 0, (V-T.U,, 2010 ; S.V:T.U., 2000 ; Rohtak, 2006'8 ; Anna, 2006 8) 8 J) Sa -emde toe ¥e).(a>— 0. of” logo? cos# 0 + xin? @) d@ =x og SP (SV.1U,, 2008) og (1+ id fe are Dieent fey -1 (SVU, 2008) a, fete ae cesinte, «warw, 2007) Jo sx a fre # cose de een (Mumbai, 2009 ) | 13. 2f ‘tan Ede = a tan a Hloga* + 1). Verify your result by direct integration. 14 J sin @cce tear wan §).d0= F(A soo (Bardi 2009) Bae hepa oC Corie Sea OBJECTIVE TYPE OF QUESTIONS ‘Select the correct answer or fill up the blanks in each of the following problems L. Iu =e%(e 08 yy sin), then ee asc Oey) 5, 2 Abas wy = ufos then SEE is (a) -2u0 () 20h oo 1. (VLU, 2010)