J

J2SE 5, features added by, 16

[Link] package, 1161, 1162–1166, 1168

classes, list of core, 1165

interfaces, list of core, 1162

[Link] package, 1162, 1168–1173

interfaces and classes, list of some, 1168

JApplet class, 1065

JAR files. See Java Archive (JAR) files

jar tool, 447

Java

and C, 3, 5, 7, 13

and C++, 3, 7–8, 13

and C#, 8

design features (buzzwords), 13–15

history of, 3, 6–8, 15–20

incubator modules, 480

and the Internet, 3, 6, 7–10, 14, 20, 795

as an interpreted language, 10, 14–15

keywords. See Keywords

look and feels, 1063

open-source implementations of, 20, 27

preview features, 480

release schedule, 12, 19

as a strongly typed language, 14, 39, 45

versions of, 15–20, 535–536

and the World Wide Web, 7, 13

Java Archive (JAR) files, 448, 707

modular, 447

Java Beans, 547, 569, 1031, 1040, 1145–1155

advantages of, 1146

API, 1150–1152

customizers, 1149

definition of the term, 1145

demonstration program, 1152–1155

events, design pattern for, 1148

introspection, 1146–1149, 1152, 1154–1155

persistence, 1149

properties. See Property, Java Bean

serialization, 1149

Java Community Process (JCP), 20

.java filename extension, 27, 1201

Java Foundation Classes (JFC), 1062

java (Java application launcher), 28, 29, 201, 324, 448, 1201, 1202

and main( ), 29

and modules, 421, 427, 448

java package, 201, 207

Java Runtime Environment (JRE), 10, 11, 429

Java SE 7, 17–18

Java SE 8, 18

Java SE 9, 18–19

Java SE 10, 19

Java SE 11, 19

Java Virtual Machine (JVM), 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 28, 29, 532, 554, 568

Java Web Start, 11, 19

[Link] package, 819, 822, 852, 930, 1072

classes, tables of some, 852–854

[Link] class, reflection example using the, 1040–1041

[Link] package, 819, 821, 822, 833, 844, 1071, 1072

adapter classes, table of commonly used, 845

event classes, table of commonly used, 823

interfaces, table of commonly used, 833

[Link] class. See InputEvent class

[Link] class. See KeyEvent class

[Link] package, 929, 935, 940, 951, 954

[Link] module, 429, 511, 568, 571, 707, 763, 797, 819, 852, 956, 1006,
1031, 1040, 1047, 1052

[Link] package, 1148, 1150–1152

classes, table of, 1150–1151

interfaces in the, table of non-deprecated, 1150

[Link] module, 429, 819, 930, 1066, 1150

[Link] module, 568

[Link] package, 315, 316–318, 325, 330, 713–714, 720, 763, 787

automatically imported by JShell, 1199

classes, list of, 714. See also Streams, byte; Streams, character

interfaces, list of, 714

[Link] interface, 755, 1149

[Link]. See IOException

[Link] interface, 1149. See also Serializable interface

[Link] package, 207, 240, 296, 305, 318, 325, 330, 368, 371, 483, 429, 511–
569, 720

classes and interfaces, list of, 511

implicit importation of the, 207, 511

subpackages, 568–569

[Link] package, 295, 305, 312, 568

[Link] enumeration, 295, 568

[Link] package, 568

[Link] package, 937

[Link] package, 568

[Link] package, 568

[Link] package, 568

[Link] package, 562, 568, 569

[Link], 466

[Link] package, 568, 569

[Link] package, 296, 301, 568, 569, 1031, 1040

classes, table of, 1040

[Link] module, 568

[Link] package, 795, 808, 813

classes and interfaces, list of, 796–797

[Link], 19, 795, 813–818

[Link] package, 316, 713, 763, 764

[Link] package, 763, 767, 768

[Link] package, 763

[Link] package, 763, 768

[Link] package, 763

[Link] package, 717, 763, 768

[Link] package, 763, 768, 773

[Link] package, 763, 769

[Link], 794

[Link] module, 710

[Link] module, 1044

[Link] package, 1031, 1044

[Link] package, 1031, 1047

[Link] package, 662, 1031, 1051, 1052, 1057

[Link], 983, 1057

[Link] package, 1051, 1053, 1054

[Link], 983

[Link] package, 436, 571–572, 636, 653, 819, 822, 1011, 1026

automatically imported by JShell, 1199

classes, list of top-level, 571–572

interfaces defined by, list of, 572

subpackages, 707–711

[Link] package, 707, 956–957, 982, 988

[Link] package, 707, 956, 957, 986, 987

[Link] package, 707, 956, 957, 984, 985, 986

[Link] package, 18, 419, 567, 600, 618, 634, 653, 707, 1012, 1013,
1018, 1025

functional interfaces defined by, table of, 708–710

[Link] package, 707

[Link] class. See List class ([Link])

[Link] package, 707, 710

[Link] package, 707, 710

[Link] package, 707, 711

[Link] package, 707, 711, 1031

[Link] package, 707, 711

[Link] package, 18, 707, 711, 1006, 1022, 1030

[Link] package, 707, 711

[Link] module, 429

JAVA_HOME environmental variable, 446

javac (Java compiler), 27–28, 201, 308, 374, 1192, 1194, 1201, 1202

and modules, 421, 422, 426–427, 448

and multi-module compilation mode, 431

javadoc, 19, 1183–1189

tags, 1183–1189

JavaFX, 19, 837

javap, 385

[Link] package, 930, 954

[Link] package, 1162

[Link] package, 1064, 1066, 1068, 1069, 1079, 1102

classes, list of, 1064–1065

[Link] package, 1071, 1082, 1097, 1102

[Link] package, 1105

[Link] package, 1102

JButton class, 1065, 1073, 1079, 1083–1085, 1110, 1113, 1131

JCheckBox class, 1079, 1083, 1086, 1088–1089, 1131

JCheckBoxMenuItem class, 1110, 1121, 1122–1123, 1131

JComboBox class, 1079, 1099–1101

JComponent class, 1064, 1065, 1074, 1075, 1079, 1083, 1111, 1121

JDialog class, 1065, 1141

JFormattedTextField class, 1141

JFrame class, 1065, 1066–1067, 1068, 1069–1070, 1078

adding a menu bar to a, 1112, 1114, 1117

content pane layout manager, 1069, 1072–1073

JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler, 10, 14

JLabel class, 1065, 1066, 1067, 1069, 1071, 1074, 1079–1081, 1117

JLayeredPane class, 1066

jlink tool, 11, 18, 446–448

JList class, 1079, 1096–1099

JMenu class, 1110, 1111, 1112–1113, 1114

mnemonic, 1118

JMenuBar class, 1110, 1111–1112, 1114

JMenuItem class, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1121, 1122

accelerator key, 1119, 1120

action to create a, using an, 1131

and action events, 1113, 1114, 1117, 1118

mnemonic, 1118, 1119–1120

JMOD files, 18, 446, 447

join( ), 250, 258–260, 500–501, 555, 983, 989, 999, 1000, 1003

JOptionPane class, 1141

Joy, Bill, 6

jpackage tool, 11, 20, 448

JPanel class, 1065, 1066, 1076, 1078, 1092, 1094

JPEG image file format, 929

JPopupMenu class, 1110, 1123–1126, 1131

and mouse events, 1124, 1125–1126

JRadioButton class, 1079, 1083, 1086, 1089–1091, 1131

JRadioButtonMenuItem class, 1110, 1122–1123, 1131

JRootPane class, 1065

JScrollBar class, 1065

JSeparator class, 1110, 1112

JScrollPane class, 1079, 1094–1096, 1097, 1102, 1103, 1105

jshell, 1191

JShell, 19, 1191–1200

commands, 1194, 1199–1200

and state information, 1191, 1193

JSpinner class, 1141

JTabbedPane class, 1079, 1092–1094

JTable class, 1079, 1105–1107

JTextCompenent class, 1081

JTextField class, 1079, 1081–1083

JToggleButton class, 1079, 1083, 1085–1087, 1089

[Link] class, 1086

JToolbar class, 1110, 1127–1129

adding an action to a, 1131

JTree class, 1079, 1101–1104

Jump statements, 87, 109–115

Just In Time (JIT) compiler, 10, 14

JVM (Java Virtual Machine), 10, 11, 14, 15, 20, 28, 29, 532, 554, 568
JWindow class, 1065

Kernighan, Brian, 4

Key codes, virtual, 828, 842

KeyAdapter class, 845, 846

Keyboard events, handling, 840–844

KeyEvent class, 823, 825, 826, 828, 1118, 1119

KeyListener interface, 833, 834–835, 840–844, 845

keyPressed( ), 834–835, 840, 842

keyReleased( ), 834–835, 840

keys( ), 643, 644, 645

keySet( ), 605, 607, 646, 704, 808

KeyStroke class, 1119

keyTyped( ), 834–835, 840, 842

Keywords

context-sensitive, 37, 38, 63, 422

table of Java, 38

Label

AWT standard control, 880, 881–882

Swing, 1067, 1069, 1079–1081

used with break statement, 111–113

used with continue statement, 114

Label class, AWT, 853, 881

Lambda expression(s), 18, 391–408, 418–419, 600

as arguments, passing, 401–403

block, 392, 397–399

body, 392, 397, 398

and comparators, 620–621, 624

definition of, 391

and exceptions, 394, 404–405

and generics, 399

to handle action events, 886–887, 1073–1074, 1090, 1111

parameters, 392–393, 394, 395–397, 405

and the stream API, 1005

target type, 392, 393, 394, 399, 401, 403, 405

and var, 19

and variable capture, 405–406

Lambda arrow operator (–>), 18, 67, 85, 392

last( ), 580, 912

lastElement( ), 638, 639

lastIndexOf( ), 494, 495–496, 508, 509, 577, 578, 638, 639

lastKey( ), 609

Late binding, 194

Layered pane, 1065, 1066

Layout managers, AWT, 855, 879, 882, 904–919

default, 905

LayoutManager interface, 905

Lazy behavior (stream API stream), 1008

length instance variable of arrays, 155–157

length( ), 161, 486, 503, 565, 656

Lexer (lexical analyzer), 653

Libraries, class, 27, 38, 476

Lindholm, Tim, 6

LineNumberInputStream deprecated class, 714

LineNumberReader class, 318

lines( ), 502, 749, 770, 1009

LinkedBlockingDeque class, 983

LinkedBlockingQueue class, 983

LinkedHashMap class, 612, 615–616

LinkedHashSet class, 585, 591–592

LinkedList class, 585, 589–590

example program using the, 603–604

from a stream API stream, obtaining a, 1025

LinkedTransferQueue class, 983

LinkOption.NOFOLLOW_LINKS, 784

List

controls, 880, 894–897

event source, as an, 823, 827, 832, 895

pop-up, 891

List class ([Link]), 853, 894, 895

List interface ([Link]), 574, 577–579, 585, 589, 590, 597, 598, 631, 637, 638

from a stream API stream, obtaining an instance of the, 1022–1024

methods, table of, 578

obtaining an unmodifiable, 1025

List, Swing, 1096–1099

list( ), 648, 770

and directories, 715, 717–719

list( ), ThreadGroup, 557

listFiles( ), 719–720

ListIterator interface, 574, 595, 597–599, 600

methods, table of, 597

listIterator( ), 578, 597

ListModel interface, 1097

ListResourceBundle class, 704–706

ListSelectionEvent class, 1097, 1098, 1105

ListSelectionListener interface, 1097, 1098

ListSelectionModel interface, 1097, 1105

Literals, 36, 45–48

class, 298

regular expression, 1033

string. See String literals

load( ), 436–437, 441–442, 533, 540, 648, 650–652

LocalDate class, 1052, 1053, 1056, 1057

LocalDateTime class, 1052, 1053, 1056, 1057

Locale class, 500, 669–670, 1048

Locale Data Markup Language (LDML), 670

[Link] class, 670

[Link], 670

LocalTime class, 1052, 1053, 1056, 1057

Lock interface, 957, 984, 985, 986

methods, table of, 984

lock( ), 957, 984, 985

Locks, 984–986

reentrant, 985, 986

Log, program, 542

log( )

math method, 549

servlet method, 1164, 1166

Logical operators

bitwise, 73–75

Boolean, 81–83

long, 39, 40, 41–42, 45

and automatic type conversion, 52

and automatic type promotion, 54

literal, 45–46

Long class, 287, 288. 511, 517, 524, 525

methods, table of commonly used, 522–524

Long-term support (LTS) release, 12

LongAccumulator class, 987

LongAdder class, 987

LongBuffer class, 765

longs( ), 672

LongStream interface, 1008, 1009

longValue( ), 288, 512, 514, 516, 518, 519, 520, 523

Look and feels, 1062–1063

lookup( ), 1045

Loop(s), 87

Boolean object to control, using a, 293

break statement and, 110–111

continue statement and, 113–114

do-while. See do-while loop

for. See for loop

infinite, 103, 110

nested, 109, 111, 112–113

with polling, event, 248, 265

while. See while loop

Low surrogate char, 529

main (default name of main thread), 252

main( ), 29–30, 117, 118, 120, 150, 153

and the Java application launcher, 29

and command-line arguments, 29, 162–163

and the source-file launch feature, 1201, 1202

and Swing programs, 1070

major( ), 536

MalformedURLException, 803
Map interface, 605–608, 609, 612, 616, 643, 644, 646

methods, table of, 606–608

map( ), 659, 660, 768, 779, 780, 783, 816

and stream API streams, 1007, 1018–1022

Map(s), 573, 604–616

classes, 612–616

collection-view of a, obtaining a, 573, 604, 605

flat, 1022

interfaces, 605–611

and stream API streams, 1018–1022

submaps of, 608–609

[Link] interface, 605, 609, 613

methods, table of non-static, 611

[Link], 779, 780

MapMode.READ_ONLY, 779, 780

MapMode.READ_WRITE, 779, 780, 783

mapMulti( ), 1022

mapMultiToDouble( ), 1022

mapMultiToInt( ), 1022

mapMultiToLong( ), 1022

MappedByteBuffer class, 765, 780

mapToDouble( ), 1007, 1021

mapToInt( ), 1007, 1021–1022

mapToLong( ), 1007, 1021

mark( ), 723, 724, 729, 733, 736, 743, 749, 765

markSupported( ), 723, 724, 733, 736, 743, 749

Matcher class, 1031, 1032–1033, 1034, 1035, 1038, 1039

matcher( ), 1032

matches( ), 502, 1032, 1036, 1039

Math class, 49, 139, 548–553

exponential functions, methods for, 549

miscellaneous methods, table of, 551–552

rounding methods, table of, 550–551

and static import example, 340–342

trigonometric functions, methods, for, 549

max( ), 412–414, 514, 516, 520, 523, 550, 1007, 1012, 1013

algorithm defined by Collections, 627, 630

MAX_EXPONENT, 513

MAX_PRIORITY, 260–261, 554

MAX_RADIX, 526

MAX_VALUE, 513, 524, 526

MediaTracker class, 853

Member, class, 23, 118

access and inheritance, 173–174

access, table of, 203

controlling access to a, 149–152, 202–206

static, 153–154

Member interface, 569, 1040

Memory

allocation using new, 56, 57, 121–122

deallocation, 133

leaks, 325, 330, 721

management, in Java, 14, 133

MemoryImageSource class, 935–937, 940

Menu bars and AWT menus, 879, 919–924

action command string of, 920

and events, 920

Menu, Choice control as a form of, 891

Menu class, AWT, 853, 919, 920, 924

Menu item as an event source, AWT, 823, 827, 832, 920

Menu(s), Swing, 1109–1141

accelerator keys, 1109, 1118, 1119–1120, 1133

action command string, 1110–1111, 1118

action to manage multiple components of a, using an, 1109, 1129–1134

and check boxes, 1121, 1122–1123

classes, interaction of core, 1110–1111

demonstration program, 1135–1141

events, 1110–1111, 1113, 1114, 1117–1118, 1121, 1122, 1124, 1125–1126

and images, 1120–1121

item as an event source, 822, 827, 832

main, creating a, 1114–1118

menu bar, 1109, 1111–1112, 1114, 1117, 1125, 1127

mnemonics, 1109, 1113, 1118, 1119–1120, 1133–1134

popup, 1109, 1110, 1123–1126

and radio buttons, 1121, 1122–1123

and submenus, 1110, 1112, 1113, 1114

and toolbars, 1109, 1110, 1127–1129

and tooltips, 1121, 1127, 1128, 1129

MenuBar class, AWT, 853, 919, 920

MenuDragMouseEvent, 1111

MenuEvent, 1111

MenuItem class, AWT, 853, 919–920

MenuKeyEvent, 1111

MenuListener, 1111
Metadata, 289, 294. See also Annotation(s)

Metal look and feel, 1063

Method class, 297, 300, 301, 569, 1040, 1042, 1152

Method reference(s), 391, 406–414

and the Collections Framework, 412–414

and generics, 411–414

to instance methods, 407–411

to static methods, 406–407

to a superclass version of a method, 411

method( ), 815

Method(s), 23, 118, 123–129

abstract. See Abstract method(s)

and annotations, 295, 314

and autoboxing/unboxing, 290–291

bridge, 384–385

calling, 125, 126

collector, 1022

default interface, 18, 19, 209, 219–223, 391, 393

dispatch, dynamic, 188–191

and the dot (.) operator, 119, 125

factory, 275–276, 797

final, 155, 194

general form, 123–124

generic, 348, 360, 366–369, 388

getter, 464, 465, 472–473, 1146–1147

hidden, using super to access, 180–181, 186

inlining, 194

interface. See Interface methods

and Java Bean introspection, 1148

and JShell, 1195–1196

lookup, dynamic, 211

native, 337

overloading, 137–142, 166–168, 187, 386–387

overriding. See Overriding, method

and parameters, 124, 127–129

passing an object to, 145–146

recursive, 147–149

reference. See Method reference(s)

resolution, dynamic, 208, 211, 212, 216

returning an object from, 146–147

returning a value from, 124, 126–127

scope defined by, 50–52

setter, 1146–1147

static, 153–154, 223–224, 340–342, 406–407

subclasser responsibility, 192

synchronized, 250, 261–263, 957, 1004

synthetic, 1192

type inference and, 368, 382–383

varargs. See Varargs

variable-arity, 163

MethodDescriptor class, 1148, 1151, 1152

MethodHandle class, 568

methodModifiers( ), 1043

MethodType class, 568

Microsoft, 8

MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions) type, 1157, 1161

min( ), 514, 516, 520, 523, 550, 1007, 1011, 1012, 1013

algorithm defined by Collections, 627, 630

minimumLayoutSize( ), 905

minor( ), 536

MIN_EXPONENT, 513

MIN_NORMAL, 513

MIN_PRIORITY, 260–261, 554

MIN_RADIX, 526

MIN_VALUE, 513, 524, 526

mismatch( ), 635

mkdir( ), 720

mkdirs( ), 720

Model-Delegate component architecture, 1064

Model-View-Controller (MVC) component architecture, 1063–1064

Modifier class, 1040, 1042, 1043

“is” methods, table of, 1042

Module class, 561–562

module, context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

module statement, 422, 428, 445

Module(s), 18–19, 37, 421–448

and access control, 150, 421, 422, 428, 430–431, 445

automatic, 448

compiling and running code based on, 426–427

creating code based on, 422–426

declaration, 421–422

definition of the term, 421

description, 422

graph, 444–445
Java API library packages and, 18, 421, 429

layers, 448

and legacy code, 429–430

and multi-module compilation mode, 431, 435

naming conventions, 423

open, 445

and packages, 201

path, 201, 426, 427, 430, 446

platform, 429, 447

and services and service providers, example application demonstrating,

437–444

unnamed, 429

[Link] file, 422, 426, 427, 428

ModuleDescriptor class, 562, 569

ModuleFinder interface, 569

ModuleLayer class, 562

[Link] class, 562

ModuleReader interface, 569

ModuleReference class, 569

Modulus operator (%), 67, 69

Monitor, 250, 261, 264, 265, 271

Mouse events, handling, 837–840

MouseAdapter class, 844, 845, 849, 1124, 1125–1126, 1153

mouseClicked( ), 835, 844, 1124

mouseDragged( ), 835, 844, 934

mouseEntered( ), 835, 1124

MouseEvent class, 823, 825, 826, 829–830, 1124

mouseExited( ), 835, 1124

MouseListener interface, 833, 835, 837–840, 845, 846, 1124, 1125–1126

MouseMotionAdapter class, 844, 845

MouseMotionListener interface, 821, 833, 835, 837–840, 844, 845, 846

mouseMoved( ), 835, 844, 934

mousePressed( ), 835, 847, 1124, 1126, 1153

mouseReleased( ), 835, 1124, 1126

MouseWheelEvent class, 823, 830–831

MouseWheelListener interface, 833, 835, 837, 845, 846

mouseWheelMoved( ), 835

Multicore systems, 17–18, 248, 276, 391, 955, 956, 988, 992, 995, 1015

Multitasking, 247

preemptive, 249

process-based versus thread-based, 247

Multithreaded programming, 8, 14, 247–276, 553

and context switching. See Context switching

effectively using, 276

and multicore versus single-core systems, 248

and spurious wakeup, 266

and StringBuilder class, 509

and synchronization. See Synchronization

and threads. See Thread(s)

versus the concurrency utilities, traditional, 955, 1004

and parallel programming, 988

versus single-threaded system, 248

MutableComboBoxModel, 1100

MutableTreeNode interface, 1102

MVC (Model-View-Controller) component architecture, 1063–1064

Namespace collisions

between instance variables and local variables, 133

packages and, 199, 207, 342

and static import, 342

Naming class, 1044, 1045

NaN, 513, 516

nanoTime( ), 540, 541, 996

@Native built-in annotation, 305

native modifier, 337

Natural ordering, 566, 616

naturalOrder( ), 617

Naughton, Patrick, 6

NavigableMap interface, 605, 609, 614

methods, table of, 610–611

NavigableSet interface, 574, 581–582, 592, 593

methods, table of, 581

Negative numbers in Java, representation of, 72–73

NEGATIVE_INFINITY, 513

NegativeArraySizeException, 240, 632

Nest, 548

host, 548

.NET Framework, 8

NetBeans, 1158

Networking, 795–818

basics, 795–796

bidirectional communication and, 813, 818

classes and interfaces, list of, 796–797

new, 56, 57, 121–122, 129, 131, 133, 147, 192, 236, 237, 465
constructor reference and, 414, 418

and enumerations, 278, 281

and type inference, 382

NEW, 274

New I/O. See NIO

newBuilder( ), 814, 815

newByteChannel( ), 767, 771, 776, 778, 779, 780, 781, 783

newCachedThreadPool( ), 977

newCondition( ), 984, 985

newDirectoryStream( ), 771, 789, 790–792

newFileSystem( ), 775

newFixedThreadPool( ), 977–978

newHttpClient( ), 814

newInputStream( ), 772, 785–786

Newline, inserting a, 683

newOutputStream( ), 772, 785, 786–787

newScheduledThreadPool( ), 977, 978

next( ), 596, 597, 600, 694, 912, 1026, 1027

nextBoolean( ), 670, 671, 694

nextBytes( ), 670, 671

nextDouble( ), 218, 670, 671, 694, 696, 699

nextElement( ), 637, 654, 737

nextFloat( ), 670, 671, 694

nextGaussian( ), 670–672

nextInt( ), 670, 671, 694, 699

nextLong( ), 670, 671, 694

nextToken( ), 654

nextX( ) Scanner methods, 692, 694–695, 696, 699

table of, 694

NIO, 713, 763–794

buffers, 764–767

channels, 764, 767–768

charsets, 768

and directories, 789–794

packages, list of, 763

for path and file system operations, using, 787–794

selectors, 768

and the stream API, 770

for stream-based I/O, using, 775, 785–787

NIO and channel-based I/O

copying a file using, 784

reading a file using, 776–780

writing to a file using, 780–783

NIO.2, 17, 763, 775, 787

non-sealed, context-sensitive keyword, 20, 37, 38, 477, 479

noneMatch( ), 1030

NORM_PRIORITY, 261, 554

NoSuchElementException, 580, 582, 584, 608, 637, 659, 695, 701

NoSuchMethodException, 241, 297

NOT operator

bitwise unary (~), 72, 73, 74–75

Boolean logical unary (!), 81, 82

NotDirectoryException, 789

notepad, 534, 538

notify( ), 197, 265–266, 268–269, 272–274, 543, 955, 985, 1004

notifyAll( ), 197, 265–266, 543

NotSerializableException, 759

now( ), 1052–1053

null, 38, 131

alternative to using, 658

Null statement, 96

NullPointerException, 237, 240, 575, 577, 580, 582, 584, 595, 605, 608, 609,
632, 644, 702, 737
using Optional to prevent a, 658, 660

nullsFirst( ), 617–618

nullsLast( ), 617–618

Number class, 288, 357, 511, 512

NumberFormatException, 240, 288

Numbers

formatting, 679–680, 683–689

pseudorandom, 670

Oak, 6

Object class, 196–197, 265, 348, 350, 384, 542–544

as a data type, problems with using the, 352–354

Object class methods

and functional interfaces, 392

table of, 195, 543

Object reference variables

and abstract classes, 192–193, 194

and argument passing, 144, 145–146

assigning, 122–123

and cloning, 543

declaring, 121
and dynamic method dispatch, 188–191

to superclass reference variable, assigning subclass, 176, 180, 188

Object-oriented programming (OOP), 5, 6, 21–27, 117

model in Java, 13

Object(s), 23, 117, 122

creating/declaring, 119, 121–122

exact copy (clone) of, 542–543

initialization with a constructor, 129–132

to a method, passing, 145–146

monitor, implicit, 250, 264

as parameters, 142–144

returning, 146–147

serialization of. See Serialization

type at run time, determining, 334–336

[Link]( ). See notify( )

[Link]( ). See wait( )

ObjectInput interface, 757

methods defined by, table of, 757

ObjectInputFilter, 758

[Link], 758, 761

[Link], 758
[Link], 758

ObjectInputStream class, 317, 757–758

methods defined by, table of, 758

ObjectOutput interface, 755–756

methods defined by, table of, 755

ObjectOutputStream class, 317, 756–757

methods defined by, table of, 756

Objects class, 706

Observable class, 653

Observer interface, 653

Octals, 45

as character values, 47

and string literals, 48

of( ), 577, 578, 579–580, 595, 596, 605, 607, 608, 659, 660, 769, 770, 773, 776,
778–779, 983, 1030

offer( ), 582, 594

offerFirst( ), 583, 584, 589

offerLast( ), 583, 584, 589

ofFile( ), 816

offsetByCodePoints( ), 502, 508

ofInputStream( ), 816, 817

ofLines( ), 818

ofLocalizedDate( ), 1053, 1054

ofLocalizedDateTime( ), 1053

ofLocalizedTime( ), 1053

ofNullable( ), 659, 660

ofPattern( ), 1054–1056

pattern letters, 1055

ofString( ), 816, 818

onAdvance( ), 973–974, 976

open

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

modifier, 445

open( ), 768

openConnection( ), 804, 805–806

OpenOption interface, 772

opens

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

statement, 445

Operator(s)

arithmetic, 67–72

assignment. See Assignment operator(s)

bitwise, 72–80

Boolean logical, 81–83

conditional-and, 83

conditional-or, 83

diamond (<>), 382–383

parentheses and, 45, 85–86

precedence, table of, 85

relational, 32, 44, 45, 80–81

ternary if-then-else (?:), 82, 84

Optional class, 658–660, 1011, 1012, 1013

methods, table of, 658–659

optional( ), 536

OptionalDouble class, 658, 660

OptionalInt class, 658, 660

OptionalLong class, 658, 660

OR operator

bitwise (|), 72, 73, 74–75

bitwise exclusive (^), 72, 73, 74–75

Boolean logical (|), 81, 82

Boolean logical exclusive (^), 81, 82

OR operator, short-circuit (||) Boolean logical, 81, 83

or( ), 659, 660

Oracle, 17

Ordinal value, enumeration constant’s, 283, 284

ordinal( ), 283, 284–285, 564

orElse( ), 659, 660

orElseThrow( ), 659, 1011

out output stream, 30, 38, 318, 319, 322, 323–324, 535, 538. See also
[Link]

out( ), 677, 679

OutputStream class, 316, 317, 323, 722, 723, 726, 732, 734, 738, 740, 752,
756, 762, 785, 1166

methods, table of, 725

OutputStreamWriter class, 318

outputWriter( ), 531, 535

Overloading methods, 137–142, 166–168, 187, 386–387

@Override, built-in annotation, 305, 307

Overriding, method, 185–191

and abstract classes, 191–194

and bridge methods, 384–385

and dynamic method dispatch, 188–191

final to prevent, using, 194

in a generic class, 380–381

and run-time polymorphism, 188, 189, 191

Package(s), 150, 199–208, 225

access to classes contained in, 202–206, 207

built-in standard Java classes and, 206, 207

the default, 200, 206

defining, 200

finding, 200–201

importing, 206–208

and JShell, 1198–1199

and modules, 201

Swing, 1066

Package class, 301, 560–561

methods, table of, 560–561

package statement, 200, 206

Paint mode, setting the, 868–869

paint( ), 837, 840, 857, 858, 860, 934, 1074–1075, 1154

lightweight AWT components and overriding, 928

Paintable area, computing, 1075–1076

paintBorder( ), 1074–1075

paintChildren( ), 1074–1075
paintComponent( ), 1074–1075, 1078

Painting in Swing, 1074–1078

Panel class, 853, 854, 855, 911

Panes, Swing container, 1065–1066. See also Content pane

Parallel processing, 18, 391, 600, 602

of a stream API stream, 1005, 1008, 1009, 1015–1017, 1024, 1027, 1029

Parallel programming. See Programming, parallel

parallel( ), 1006, 1015–1016

parallelPrefix( ), 634

parallelSetAll( ), 634

parallelSort( ), 633–634

parallelStream( ), 575, 577, 1009, 1015, 1016

Parameter(s), 29, 124, 127–129

and constructors, 131–132

final, 155

and lambda expressions, 392–393, 394, 395–397, 405

names and instance variable names, 133

objects as, 142–144

and overloaded constructors, 140–141

and overloaded methods, 137, 187

and the scope of a method, 50

servlet, reading, 1166–1168

type. See Type parameter(s)

variable-length (varargs), 165, 579

Parameterized types, 348, 350

parameterModifiers( ), 1043

parse( ), 536, 1056

parseByte( ), 518, 524

parseDouble( ), 516

parseFloat( ), 514

parseInt( ), 521, 524–525

parseLong( ), 523, 524

parseShort( ), 519, 524

Parsing, definition of, 653

Pascal, 4

Passwords, reading, 754

patch( ), 535–536

Path interface, 715, 717, 769–770, 776, 787, 789–790, 793

converting a File object into an instance of the, 717, 769, 787

instance for stream-based I/O, using a, 785–787

methods, table of a sampling of, 769–790

obtaining an instance of the, 772–773, 775–776, 778, 779, 780, 781, 782–783
[Link]( ), 773, 776, 778

Paths class, 772, 773, 776

[Link]( ), 772–773, 775–776

Pattern class, 1031, 1032, 1035, 1038, 1039

Pattern matching

and instanceof, 20, 473–476

and regular expressions, 1031–1039

and switch, 480

PatternSyntaxException, 1033

Payne, Jonathan, 6

peek( ), 582, 641, 642

peekFirst( ), 583, 589

peekLast( ), 583, 589

Peers, native, 928, 1061–1062

Period class, 1057

permits

clause, 477, 478, 479

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 477

Persistence (Java Beans), 1149

Phaser class, 956, 958, 970–977

compatability with fork/join, 1004

PI (Math constant), 548

PIPE, 538

Pipeline for actions on stream API streams, 18, 391, 1008, 1020–1021

PipedInputStream class, 317

PipedOutputStream class, 317

PipedReader class, 318

PipedWriter class, 318

PixelGrabber class, 937–940

Pluggable look and feel (PLAF), 1062–1063, 1064

Plug-in and pluggable application architecture, 436, 438

PNG file format, 930

Point class, 829, 830, 853

poll( ), 582, 594

pollFirst( ), 581, 583, 589

Polling, 248, 265

pollLast( ), 581, 583, 589

Polygon class, 853, 862

Polymorphism, 5, 22, 25–27, 195

and dynamic method dispatch, 188–191, 192

and interfaces, 208, 211, 216

and overloaded methods, 137, 139, 140

pop( ), 583, 584, 641, 642

Popup trigger, 1124, 1126

PopupMenu class, 853, 924

PopupMenuEvent, 1111

Port, 795, 796, 803

Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), 774

Portability problem, 6–7, 8, 9–10, 12, 14, 20

and data types, 40

and thread context switching, 249

POSITIVE_INFINITY, 513

PosixFileAttributes class, 773, 774, 789

PosixFileAttributeView interface, 775

Possessive behavior (regular expression pattern matching), 1037

postVisitDirectory( ), 793

pow( ), 340–342, 549

pre( ), 536

Predicate<T> predefined functional interface, 419, 710, 1012

preferredLayoutSize( ), 905

previous( ), 597, 912

preVisitDirectory( ), 793

PrimitiveIterator interface, 573, 1026

[Link] interface, 573, 1026

[Link] interface, 1026

[Link] interface, 1026

print( ), 31, 38, 323, 488, 738, 752, 1166

printf( )

function, C/C++, 676, 738

method, Java, 163, 691, 738–740, 752, 753

println( ), 30, 31, 38, 197, 323, 488–489, 679, 738, 752, 1166

and Boolean output, 45

and String objects, 65

PrintStream class, 317, 319, 323, 691, 737–740

PrintWriter class, 318, 323–324, 691, 751–752, 1161

PriorityBlockingQueue class, 983

PriorityQueue class, 585, 593–594

private access modifier, 29, 150–152, 202–203

and inheritance, 173–174

Process class, 529–530, 534, 536

methods, table of some, 532

Process, definition of, 247, 529

Process-based versus thread-based multitasking, 247

ProcessBuilder class, 529, 536–538

methods, table of, 537–538

[Link] class, 536, 538

[Link] enumeration, 538

ProcessHandle class, 530–531

[Link], 530–531

Program log, 542

Programming

multithreaded. See Multithreaded programming

object-oriented. See Object-oriented programming

process-oriented, 21, 22, 26

structured, 4, 5

Programming, parallel, 17–18, 249, 600, 956, 957, 988, 1015

and the level of parallelism, 991

and specifying the level of parallelism, 991, 995–998, 1004

Project Coin, 17

Properties class, 572, 636, 647–652

methods, table of, 648

Properties, environment, 542

Property, Java Bean, 1146, 1154

boolean, 1147

bound and constrained, 1149, 1152

design patterns for, 1146–1147, 1149

PropertyChangeEvent, 1149

PropertyChangeListener interface, 1149, 1150

PropertyDescriptor class, 1148, 1151, 1152, 1154

PropertyPermission class, 706

PropertyResourceBundle class, 704

PropertyVetoException, 1149

protected access modifier, 150, 202–203

Protocols, overview of networking, 795–796

provides

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

statement, 437, 576

Pseudorandom numbers, 670

public access modifier, 29, 150–152, 202–203

Push buttons, AWT, 880, 883–887

action command string of, 883, 885, 886, 1083–1094

Push buttons, Swing, 1071–1074, 1083–1085

action command string of, 1083–1084

push( ), 584, 641, 642

Pushback, 734–736

PushbackInputStream, 317, 732, 734–736

PushbackReader class, 318, 750–751

put( ), 605, 607, 612, 614, 616, 643, 644, 645

and buffers, 765, 766, 767, 782

putAll( ), 607, 616

PutField inner class, 756–757

putValue( ), 1130–1131, 1132

Query string, 1174

Queue, double-ended, 583–584

Queue interface, 574, 582, 583, 589, 593, 594

methods, table of, 582

quietlyInvoke( ), 1003

quietlyJoin( ), 1003

Race condition, 263

Radio buttons, 889

Swing, 1089–1091

and Swing menus, 1122–1123

Radix, 517

radix( ), 701

Random class, 218, 670–672

methods, table of core, 671

RandomAccess interface, 574, 604

RandomAccessFile class, 742, 767

RandomGenerator interface, 670

range( ), 595, 596

Raw types, 372–374

READ, 538

read( ), 99, 317, 318, 320–321, 325–326, 567, 724, 733, 735, 743, 750, 757,
758, 768, 777, 778, 785, 930–931

Readable interface, 567, 691, 697, 743

ReadableByteChannel interface, 691

readAttributes( ), 772, 774, 787–789

readBoolean( ), 741, 758

readDouble( ), 741, 758

Reader class, 317–318, 319, 320, 722, 723, 742–743, 744, 746, 755

methods defined by, table of, 743

reader( ), 320

readExternal( ), 755

readInt( ), 741, 758

readLine( ), 321–322, 524, 753, 1166

readObject( ), 757, 758, 759

readPassword( ), 753

readString( ), 770

ReadWriteLock interface, 986

Real numbers, 42

rebind( ), 1044–1045

receive( ), 810

Record class, 565

Record constructors, 465, 466–471

canonical, 465, 466–469

non-canonical, 466, 469–470

record, context-sensitive keyword, 20, 37, 38, 464

Record(s), 20, 37, 449, 457, 464–473, 548, 565

component list, 464

getter methods, 464, 465, 472–473

immutability of, 465, 470, 472

rules for, 466

Recursion, 147–149

and the Fork/Join Framework divide-and-conquer strategy, 992

RecursiveAction class, 957, 988, 990, 992, 993, 994, 998

RecursiveTask class, 957, 988, 990, 992

example program using, 998–1001

Redirect class, 536, 538

reduce( ), 1008, 1013–1015, 1016–1017, 1018–1019

Reduction operations, 1013–1015

mutable, 1025

ReentrantLock, 985

ReentrantReadWriteLock, 986

Reflection, 296, 445, 569, 1031, 1040–1043

and annotations, 296–301

and nests, 548

regionMatches( ), 491–492

register( ), 970

Regular expressions, 502, 653, 691, 699, 711, 1031–1039

definition of the term, 1031

syntax, 1033

wildcards and quantifiers, 1031, 1033, 1035–1037

reinitialize( ), 1002

Relational operators, 32, 44, 45, 80–81

Relative index, 689–690

Release cadence, 12, 535

release( ), 958–961

Reluctant behavior (regular expression pattern matching), 1036–1037

Remote interface, 1044

Remote method invocation (RMI), 15, 754, 1031, 1044–1047

RemoteException, 1044

remove( ), 575, 576, 578, 582, 590, 595, 596, 597, 607, 643, 644, 645, 880,
1070, 1111, 1113

removeActionListener( ), 1073

removeAll( ), 575, 576, 880

removeAttribute( ), 1171, 1178

removeEldestEntry( ), 616

removeElement( ), 638, 639

removeElementAt( ), 638, 639

removeFirst( ), 584, 589

removeIf( ), 575, 576

removeKeyListener( ), 821

removeLast( ), 584, 589

removeTListener( ), 1148

removeTypeListener( ), 821

renameTo( ), 716

repaint( ), 837, 840, 845, 846, 847, 858–859, 1075, 1154

@Repeatable annotation, 305, 312, 313

REPL (read-evaluate-print loop) execution, 1191

replace( ), 447, 507, 607

replaceAll( ), 502, 577, 578, 607, 1033, 1038

replaceRange( ), 903

ReplicateScaleFilter class, 940

requires, context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

requires statement, 422, 428, 429

using static with a, 445, 446

using transitive with a, 432–436

reset( ), 701, 723, 724, 729, 731, 733–734, 736, 743, 749, 765

resolve( ), 769, 770

Resource bundles, 701–706

ResourceBundle class, 701–704

methods, table of, 702–704

and modules, 704

[Link] class, 702

resume( ), 15, 272, 554

retainAll( ), 575, 576

@Retention built-in annotation, 296, 305

RetentionPolicy enumeration, 296, 568

return statement, 115, 124

in a lambda expression, 398

reverse( )

algorithm defined by Collections, 627

StringBuffer method, 506

reversed( ), 617, 620

reverseOrder( )

collection algorithm, 627, 629–630

Comparator method, 617

rewind( ), 765, 778, 781, 782

RGB (red-green-blue) color model, 865

default, 935

RGBImageFilter class, 940, 942–943

example program demonstrating the, 943–954

RGBtoHSB( ), 866

Richards, Martin, 4

Ritchie, Dennis, 4, 5

rmi protocol, 1045

RMI (Remote Method Invocation), 15, 754, 1031, 1044–1047, 1158

rmic compiler, 1046

rmiregistry (RMI registry), 1046, 1047

Run-time

system, Java,10. See also Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

type information, 15, 334, 378–380, 547

run( ), 250, 253, 254, 392, 553, 555, 673, 1002, 1070

overriding, 255, 256, 673

using a flag variable with, 272–274

RUNNABLE, 274

Runnable interface, 250, 252, 392, 553–554, 672, 673, 955, 1001, 1002, 1070

implementing the, 253–254, 256

Runtime class, 529, 532–535, 998

executing other programs and the, 534–535

methods, table of some, 533

RUNTIME retention policy, 295–296, 297, 300

[Link]( ), 529, 533, 534–535, 536

[Link] class, 535–536

[Link]( ), 533, 535

RuntimeException class, 228, 229, 237, 240, 244

RuntimePermission class, 562

@SafeVarargs built-in annotation, 305, 307

SAM (Single Abstract Method) type, 392

Sandbox, 10

save( ), 647
Scanner, 653

Scanner class, 691–701

closing an instance of the, 697

constructors, 691, 692

delimiters, 691, 699–700

demonstration programs, 695–699

hasNextX( ) methods, table of, 693

how to use, 691–692, 694–695

methods, miscellaneous, 700–701

nextX( ) methods, table of, 694

schedule( ), 673, 674

ScheduledExecutorService interface, 977

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor class, 957, 977

Scientific notation, 46, 679–680

Scopes in Java, 49–52

nested, 50–51, 158

Scroll bars, 880, 897–900, 1094, 1095

as an event source, 824, 832, 898

Scroll pane, 1094–1096

Scrollbar class, 853, 897

ScrollPane class, 853

sealed, context-sensitive keyword, 20, 37, 38, 477, 478

search( ), 641, 642

Security manager, 324, 540, 721, 738

Security problem, 8, 9, 10, 12, 20, 754, 761

security( ), 536

SecurityException, 240, 324, 532, 540, 721, 738, 789, 792

SecurityManager class, 562

seek( ), 742

SeekableByteChannel interface, 767, 776, 779, 781

select( ), 892, 895, 900–901, 903

Selection statements, 87–95

Selectors, 768

Semaphore, 955, 956, 958–963, 1004

and setting initial synchronization state, 963

Semaphore class, 956, 958

send( ), 810, 813, 814, 815, 817, 818

Separable Model architecture, 1064

Separators, 37

SequenceInputStream class, 317, 736–737

sequential( ), 1006, 1017

Serializable interface, 755, 759, 1003, 1149

Serialization, 754–761, 762

and deserialization filters, 760–761

example program, 759–761

and Java Beans, 1149

and security, 754

and static variables, 755

and transient variables, 755, 759

serialPersistentFields array, 755

serialVersionUID constant, 760

Server process, 795

ServerSocket class, 767, 799, 809

service( ), 1158, 1161, 1163, 1167, 1173

ServiceLoader class, 436, 666

Services and service providers, 436–444

definition of the terms, 436

module-based example application demonstrating, 437–444

and modules, 437

Servlet interface, 1162, 1163, 1166

methods, table of, 1163

Servlet(s), 12, 1157–1179

advantages of, 1158

API, 1162

development options, 1158–1160

example program for a simple, 1160–1162

life cycle of, 1158

parameters, reading, 1166–1168

and portability, 12

and session tracking, 1178–1179

using Tomcat to develop, 1158, 1159–1162

ServletConfig interface, 1162, 1164, 1166

ServletContext interface, 1162, 1164

methods, table of various, 1164

ServletException class, 1163, 1166

ServletInputStream class, 1163, 1166

ServletOutputStream class, 1163, 1166

ServletRequest interface, 1161, 1162, 1164, 1166

methods, table of various, 1165

ServletResponse interface, 1161, 1162, 1164

methods, table of various, 1165

Session tracking, HTTP, 1178, 1179

Set interface, 574, 579–580, 590, 595, 605, 609

from a stream API stream, obtaining an instance of the, 1022–1024

Set-view, obtaining, 613, 646

set( ), 577, 578, 590, 597, 656, 663, 987

setAccelerator( ), 1119

setActionCommand( ), 886, 920, 1083–1084, 1090

setAlignment( ), 881

setAll( ), 634

setAttribute( ), 1164, 1171, 1178

setBackground( ), 857, 865

setBlockIncrement( ), 898

setBorder( ), 1078

setBounds( ), 855, 905

setCharAt( ), 504–505

setColor( ), 866

setConstraints( ), 914

setContentType( ), 1161, 1165

setDefault( ), 668, 669

setDefaultCloseOperation( ), 1068–1069

setDisabledIcon( ), 1083, 1121

setDisplayedMnemonicIndex( ), 1118

setEchoChar( ), 901

setEditable( ), 901, 903

setEnabled( ), 919, 1113, 1131

setFont( ), 872

setForeground( ), 857, 865

setForkJoinTaskTag( ), 1003

setHorizontalTextPosition( ), 1121

setIcon( ), 1080, 1120–1121

setJMenuBar( ), 1112, 1114

setLabel( ), 883, 887, 919–920

setLastModified( ), 717

setLayout( ), 882, 905, 1070

setLength( ), 504, 742

setLocation( ), 855

setMaxAge( ), 1172, 1178

setMnemonic( ), 1118

setN( ) setter method design pattern, 1146, 1147

setName( ), 251, 252, 555

setObjectInputFiller( ), 758

setPaintMode( ), 868

setPreferredSize( ), 855, 898

setPressedIcon( ), 1083

setPriority( ), 260–261, 555

setReadOnly( ), 717

setRolloverIcon( ), 1083

setSelectedCheckbox( ), 890

setSelectedIcon( ), 1083

setSelectionMode( ), 1097

setSerialFilter( ), 761

setSize( ), 639, 855, 856, 860, 1068

setState( ), 887, 920

setText( ), 881, 900, 903, 1080, 1083

setTitle( ), 856

setToolTipText( ), 1121

setUnitIncrement( ), 898

setValue( ), 611, 897–898, 1172

setValues( ), 897

setVisible( ), 856, 859, 860, 1070

setXORMode( ), 868–869

Sheridan, Mike, 6

Shift operators, bitwise, 72, 75–79

Short class, 287, 288, 511, 517, 524, 525

methods, table of commonly used, 519

short data type, 39, 40, 41, 45

and automatic type conversion, 52

and automatic type promotion, 54, 75

ShortBuffer class, 765

shortValue( ), 288, 512, 514, 516, 518, 519, 521, 523

show( ), 912, 1124, 1125, 1126

shuffle( ) algorithm defined by Collections, 627, 628, 630

shutdown( ), 977, 979, 992, 1003–1004

shutdownNow( ), 1003–1004

Sign extension, 75, 77–79

signal( ), 985

SimpleBeanInfo class, 1149, 1154, 1155

SimpleDateFormat class, 670, 1049–1051, 1055

formatting string symbols, table of, 1050

SimpleFileVisitor class, 793, 794

SimpleTimeZone class, 668–669

sin( ), 42, 549

SingleSelectionModel, 1092

SIZE, 513, 524

size( ), 575, 576, 590, 608, 639, 643, 644, 645, 656, 772, 774, 780

skip( ), 701, 725–726, 733, 743, 757

SKIP_SIBLINGS, 793
SKIP_SUBTREE, 793

sleep( ), 250, 251–252, 257, 556, 983

slice( ), 765

Slider box, 897

Snippet

code, 1191, 1193, 1194, 1196, 1199

ID, 1194

Socket class, 767, 799–802, 809

Socket(s)

datagram, 809–810

overview, 795–796

and servlets, 1158

TCP/IP client, 799–802

TCP/IP server, 799, 809

SocketAddress class, 810

SocketChannel class, 767, 768

SocketException, 810

sort( ), 577, 578, 633

algorithm defined by Collections, 628

sorted( ), 1008, 1012

SortedMap interface, 605, 608–609

methods, table of, 609

SortedSet interface, 574, 580, 581

methods, table of, 580

Source code file, naming a, 27

Source file(s), 27–28

annotations and, 294

compiling and running a program directly from a, 28, 1201–1202

naming a, 27

SOURCE retention policy, 295–296

split( ), 502, 1038–1039

Spliterator, 567, 573, 577, 600–602

and arrays, 634

characteristics, 602

Spliterator interface, 567, 573, 574, 595, 600–602

methods declared by, table of, 601

and streamAPI streams, 1026, 1027–1029

spliterator( ), 567, 575, 577, 634, 1006

[Link] interface, 602

[Link] interface, 602

[Link] interface, 602

[Link] interface, 602

sqrt( ), 42, 49, 340–342, 549

Stack

definition of, 25, 134

frame, 563, 564

trace, 229–230, 236, 563

walking, 564

ways to implement a, 213

Stack class, 572, 585, 636, 641–643

methods, table of, 642

StackTraceElement class, 242, 563

methods, table of, 563

StackWalker class, 564

[Link] enumeration, 564

[Link] interface, 564

StampedLock interface, 986

StandardCopyOption.COPY_ATTRIBUTES, 784

StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING, 784

StandardOpenOption enumeration, 772, 785, 786

table of values for the, 773

[Link], 773, 781, 786

[Link], 773, 783, 785

StandardOpenOption.TRUNCATE_EXISTING, 773, 786

[Link], 773, 781, 786

Standard Template Library (STL), 573

start( ), 250, 253, 254, 255, 529, 538, 556, 1032–1033, 1035

startsWith( ), 492, 770

State enumeration, 274

Statements, 30

null, 96

Statements, control, 31, 44

iteration, 87, 95–109

jump, 87, 109–115

selection, 87–95

static, 29, 153–154, 157, 340

member restrictions, 387–388

used in a requires statement, 446

Static import, 16, 340–342

statusCode( ), 815

stop( ), 15, 272, 554

store( ), 647, 648, 650–652

str( ), 295

Stream API, 18, 1005–1030

and collections, 652, 1005, 1006, 1009, 1011, 1024

interfaces, 1006–1009

and lambda expressions, 1005

and NIO, 770

Stream interface, 577, 634, 749, 770, 1007–1008, 1022, 1029, 1030

methods, table of some, 1007–1008

and primitive types, 1008, 1009

Stream, intermediate operations on a stream API, 1008

to create a pipeline of actions, 1008, 1020–1021

lazy behavior of, 1008

stateless versus stateful, 1008

Stream, stream API

and accumulator operations, 1013, 1014, 1016–1017, 1025

collection from a, obtaining a, 1022–1025

and combiner operations, 1016–1017, 1019, 1025

definition of the term, 1005–1006

iterators and a, 1026–1029

mapping a, 1018–1022

obtaining a, 1009

operations on a, terminal versus intermediate, 1008

ordered versus unordered, 1017

parallel processing of a, 1005, 1008, 1009, 1015–1017, 1024, 1027, 1029

parallel, using a, 1015–1017, 1029

reduction operations, 1013–1015

stream( ), 576, 577, 634, 656, 659, 1009, 1011, 1016, 1021

Stream(s), byte, 316–317, 319, 320, 323, 324, 723–742

buffered, 732–736

classes in [Link], table of, 317

filtered, 732

Stream(s), character, 316, 317–318, 319, 320, 324, 723, 742–752

classes in [Link], table of, 318

Stream(s), I/O

benefits, 762

buffered, 732–736, 748–751

classes, top-level, 722–723

closing, 721–722

concatenating input to, 736–737

definition of the term, 316, 743

filtered, 732, 762

flushing, 720

and NIO, 775, 785–787

predefined, 318–319
reactive, 957

variables, predefined, 318–319

versus stream API streams, 1006

strictfp, 37, 38, 336

StrictMath class, 553

String class, 29, 65, 160–162, 483, 502, 565, 691, 1032

constructors, 484–486

methods, table of some, 501–502

String literals, 47–48, 463, 486. See also Text blocks

String(s)

arrays of, 65, 162

changing case of characters in, 499–500, 526–528

comparison, 161, 490–494

concatenating, 31, 160–161, 487–488, 497, 500–501, 505

constants, 65, 160

converting data into a, 488–489, 499

creating, 160, 484–486

extracting characters from, 489–490

formatted, creating a, 677–679

formatting a, 679, 685

immutability of, 160, 483, 496, 502

joining, 500–501

length of a, obtaining the, 161, 486

modifiable, creating and working with, 502–509

modifying, 496–498

numbers to and from, converting, 524–526

as objects, 48, 65, 160, 483

parsing a formatted input, 653–655

reading, 321–322

searching, 494–496

StringBuffer class, 160, 483, 485, 496, 502–509, 565

methods, table of some, 508

StringBufferInputStream deprecated class, 714

StringBuilder class, 160, 483, 485, 496, 509, 565, 676, 677

and synchronization, 509

StringJoiner class, 706

StringReader class, 318

StringTokenizer class, 653–655

methods, table of, 654

stringWidth( ), 876, 877

StringWriter class, 318

strip( ), 498
stripIndent( ), 499

stripLeading( ), 498, 499

stripTrailing( ), 498, 499

Stroustrup, Bjarne, 6

Stubs (RMI), 1046

Subclass, 24, 171–174, 189

generic, 374–378

subList( ), 577, 578

subMap( ), 608, 609, 611

submit( ), 980

subSequence( ), 502, 508, 565

subSet( ), 580, 581, 593

substring( ), 496–497, 508

Sun Microsystems, 6, 15, 16, 17

super, 153, 177

and bounded wildcard arguments, 366

and interface default methods, 223

and method references, 411

and methods or instance variables, 180–181, 186

super( ) and superclass constructors, 177–180, 184, 256

Superclass, 24, 171–174, 189, 199

abstract, 191–194

generic, 374–376

Supplemental character, definition of, 528

Supplier<T> predefined functional interface, 419, 710, 1025

@SuppressWarnings built-in annotation, 305, 307

suspend( ), 15, 272, 554

Swing, 15, 315, 836–837, 879, 1061–1107

applet, 1066

application, example of a simple, 1066–1071

and the AWT, 851, 879, 1061–1062

component classes, list of, 1064–1065

components. See Components, Swing

containers. See Container(s), Swing

event handling, 1070–1074

history of, 1061–1062

menus. See Menu(s), Swing

and MVC architecture, 1063–1064

packages, list of, 1066

and painting, 1074–1078

threading issues, 1070, 1074

Swing: A Beginner’s Guide (Schildt), 1061

SwingConstants interface, 1080

SwingUtilities class, 1070

switch expression, 20, 449, 450–459

and the arrow case, 454–458

and code blocks, 456–457

and records, 457

and yield, 37, 452–454, 455, 457

switch statement, traditional, 90–95, 109, 111, 449, 450

and the arrow case, 457–458

and auto-unboxing, 292

nested, 94–95

pattern matching and the, 480

using enumeration constants to control a, 91, 278–280

using a String to control a, 16, 91, 93–94

versus the if statement, 94–95

Synchronization, 14, 249–250, 261–265

and atomic operations, 986–987

and collections, 584, 629, 636

and deadlock, 270–271

and interprocess communication, 265–270

objects, using, 958–977

race condition and, 263

and StringBuilder class, 509

and value-based classes, 345, 512

via synchronized block, 263–265, 629

via synchronized method, 250, 261–262

versus concurrency utilities, traditional, 955, 1004

synchronized modifier, 261, 955, 984, 1004

used with a method, 261–263

used with an object, 263–265

synchronizedList( ), 628, 629

synchronizedSet( ), 628, 629

Synchronizers, 955, 956–957

SynchronousQueue class, 983

System class, 30, 38, 318, 538–542

methods, table of non-deprecated, 539–540

[Link]( ), 320, 539, 752–753

[Link] standard error stream, 318, 319, 538

[Link]( ), 539, 837, 840, 857, 859, 1118

[Link]( ), 539, 542

[Link]( ), 539, 647

[Link]( ), 539, 542

[Link] standard input stream, 318, 319, 535, 538, 691, 752

[Link]( ), 99

[Link] interface, 542

[Link] class, 542

[Link]( ), 540, 541, 996

[Link] standard output stream, 30, 38, 318, 319, 322, 323, 324, 535,
538, 691, 737, 739, 752

and static import, 342

Tabbed panes, 1092–1094

Table, Swing, 1105–1107

TableColumnModel, 1105

TableModel, 1105

TableModelEvent class, 1105

tailMap( ), 608, 609, 611

tailSet( ), 580, 581

@Target built-in annotation, 305, 306, 308

TCP/IP, 14, 796

client sockets, 799–802

disadvantages of, 809

server sockets, 799, 809

See also Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

TemporalAccessor, 681

TERMINATE, 793

TERMINATED, 274

Ternary if-then-else operator (?:), 82, 84

test( ), 419, 708, 709, 710, 1012–1013

Text

area, 831, 835, 903–904

components as an event source, 831, 832

editing controls, 880, 900–904

formatting using [Link] classes, 1031, 1047–1052

output using font metrics, managing, 875–878

Text blocks, 20, 48, 449, 459–463

and escape sequences, 459, 462–463

and whitespace, 460–462

Text fields, 831

AWT, 900–902

Swing, 1081–1083

TextArea class, AWT, 854, 903–904

TextComponent class, 854, 900, 903

TextEvent class, 823, 831, 903

TextField class, AWT, 854, 900–901

TextListener interface, 833, 835

textValueChanged( ), 835

thenComparing( ), 618, 623–624

thenComparingDouble( ), 618

thenComparingInt( ), 618

thenComparingLong( ), 618

this, 132–133, 153

and lambda expressions, 405

and type annotations, 307, 308, 311

this( ), 342–344

Thompson, Ken, 4

Thread class, 15, 250, 251, 256, 272, 274, 553–556, 672, 955, 988

constructors, 253, 256, 553–554

extending, 255–256

methods, table of non-deprecated, 554–556

Thread pool, 955, 977–979, 989, 990–992, 995, 998, 1003–1004

common, 989, 990, 991, 992, 995, 998, 1004

Thread(s)

communication among, 265–270

creating, 252–257
creating and starting a, 275–276

daemon, 673, 992, 1001

and deadlock, 270–271, 554, 1070

definition of the term, 247

executors to manage, using, 957, 977–979

group, 252, 556–560

local variables, 560

main, 250–252, 254, 256, 257, 258, 1070

messaging, 250

priorities, 249, 260–261, 554

race condition of, 263

resuming, 272–274, 557–560

return a value, that, 979–982

and spurious wakeup, 266

states of, possible, 249, 274–275

stopping, 272

suspending, 250, 252, 272–274, 557–560

and Swing, event dispatching, 1070, 1074

synchronization. See Synchronization

[Link] interface, 567

ThreadGroup class, 553, 556–560, 567

methods, table of non-deprecated, 556–557

ThreadLocal class, 560

ThreadPoolExecutor class, 957, 977

throw, 227, 236–237, 246

Throwable class, 228, 229, 232, 236, 237, 241, 244, 333, 389, 562, 563

methods defined by, table of, 242

obtaining an object of the, 236–237

throws, 227, 237–238, 240

Thumb, 897

time Calendar class instance variable, 662

Time and date

formatting, 681–682, 1031, 1047–1051, 1053–1056

[Link] classes that deal with, 660–670

strings, parsing, 1056–1057

Time and Date API, 662, 1031, 1047, 1051–1057

packages, list of, 1051

timedJoin( ), 983

timedWait( ), 983

TIMED_WAITING, 274

Timer class, 672–674

methods, table of, 674

TimerTask class, 672–674

methods, table of, 673

Timestamp, event, 823

TimeUnit enumeration, 957, 964, 980, 982–983

TimeZone class, 667–668

methods defined by, table of some, 667–668

to

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

clause, 431, 445

to( ), 538

toAbsolutePath( ), 770, 787

toArray( ), 576, 587–588, 1008

toBinaryString( ), 521, 523, 524, 525–526

toCharArray( ), 490

toChronoUnit( ), 983

toDays( ), 983

toDegrees( ), 552–553

ToDoubleFunction functional interface, 710, 1021

toFile( ), 769

Toggle button, Swing, 1085–1087

toHexString( ), 515, 516, 521, 524, 525–526

toHours( ), 983

Tokens, 653, 691, 699

tokens( ), 701

toLanguageTag( ), 670

toList( ), 1008, 1022, 1024, 1025

toLocalDate( ), 1053

toLocalTime( ), 1053

toLowerCase( ), 499–500, 527, 529

Tomcat, 1158, 1159–1162

toMicros( ), 983

toMillis( ), 983

toMinutes( ), 983

toNanos( ), 983

toOctalString( ), 521, 524, 525–526

Toolbars, 1109, 1110, 1127–1129

undocked, 1127

Tooltips, 1121, 1127, 1128, 1129

TooManyListenersException, 1148

toPath( ), 717, 769, 787

toRadians( ), 552–553

toSeconds( ), 983
toSet( ), 1022, 1024

toString( ), 197, 232, 241, 242, 288, 295, 301, 323, 464, 466, 488, 499, 515,
516, 518, 519, 521, 524, 525, 531, 543, 547, 556, 557, 561, 562, 563, 564, 565,
587, 634, 639, 645, 656, 657, 659, 661, 675, 677, 679, 738, 752, 769, 770, 799,
822, 870, 876, 1003, 1040, 1102

advantages to overriding, 197, 488–489

totalCPUDuration( ), 531

toUpperCase( ), 499–500, 527

toZonedDateTime( ), 666

transient modifier, 333, 1149

transitive, context-sensitive keyword, 37, 48, 422, 432–436

translateEscapes( ), 499

translatePoint( ), 829

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

definition of, 795–796

and stream-based I/O, 796

See also TCP/IP

TreeExpansionEvent class, 1102

TreeExpansionListener interface, 1102

TreeMap class, 612, 614–615, 616, 652

example using a comparator, 621–624

TreeModel, 1102
TreeModelEvent class, 1102

TreeModelListener interface, 1102

TreeNode interface, 1102

TreePath class, 1102

Trees, Swing, 1101–1104

TreeSelectionEvent class, 1102

TreeSelectionListener interface, 1102, 1103

TreeSelectionModel, 1102

TreeSet class, 585, 591, 592–593, 616, 652

example using a comparator for sorting an instance of the, 619–621

trim( ), 467, 498

trimToSize( ), 508, 587, 639

true, 38, 44, 45, 47, 81, 82, 83

TRUE, 529

True and false in Java, 47, 81

Truncation, 53–54

try block(s), 227, 228, 230–236, 237–239, 246

nested, 234–236

try-with-resources statement, 17, 228, 245, 325, 330–333, 567, 690, 697,
720, 721–722, 728, 767, 768, 776, 789, 800, 801–802, 810, 1006

advantages to using, 330, 331, 722

and local variable type inference, 332

tryAdvance( ), 600–602, 1027

tryLock( ), 957, 984–985

trySplit( ), 1028–1029

tryUnfork( ), 1003

Two’s complement, 72–73

TYPE, 513, 524, 526, 529

Type argument(s), 350–351, 352, 356

and bounded types, 357–359

and generic class hierarchies, 374

and generic interface implementation, 372

and type inference, 368, 382–383

Type conversion

automatic, 39, 52, 138–139

narrowing, 52

widening, 52

Type enumeration, 538

Type inference, local variable, 19, 62–65

advantages of using, 63

in a for loop, 108

and generics, 383

and inheritance, 195–196

and lambda expressions, 396

with reference types, 168–170

and streamlining code, 19, 63, 168–169, 383

and the try-with-resources statement, 332

Type interface, 569

Type parameter(s)

and bounded types, 356–359, 371–372

cannot create an instance of a, 387

and class hierarchies, 375–378

and erasure, 351, 384

and primitive types, 352

and static members, 387–388

and type safety, 352

used with a class, 350, 355–357 359

used with a method, 350, 366–369

and wildcard arguments, 359–368

Type safety

and collections, 629

and generic methods, 369

and generics, 347, 348, 351, 352–354

and raw types, 372–374

and wildcard arguments, 359–362, 363

type( ), 538

Type(s), 31

aggregate, 464

annotations, 18, 307–312

bounded, 357–359

casting, 52–54

checking, 13, 17, 39, 351, 352, 373, 389

class as a data, 117, 119, 121, 122, 123, 134

inference, 368, 382–383, 393, 396, 399, 405

inference, local variable. See Type inference, local variable

intersection, 359

non-reifiable, 307

parameterized, 348, 350

promotion, 41, 54–55, 75–77

raw, 372–374

SAM (Single Abstract Method), 392

simple, 39

TypeDescriptor interface, 545

Types, primitive (simple), 39–40, 122, 144, 286, 352, 512

autoboxing/unboxing and, 289–292, 294, 588

and collections, 588

iterators for, 573

to a string representation, converting, 487, 488, 499

to or from a sequence of bytes, converting, 740–742

wrappers for, 286–289, 294, 352, 512–529

Typesafe view of a collection, obtaining a dynamically, 629

UDP protocol, 796, 809

UI delegate, 1064

ulp( ), 550, 551

UnaryOperator<T> functional interface, 419, 710

UnavailableException, 1163, 1166

Unboxing, 289

UncaughtExceptionHandler interface, 567

method uncaughtException( ), 567

Unchecked warnings and raw types, 374

UnicastRemoteObject, 1044

Unicode, 43, 44, 47, 316, 317, 485, 486, 490, 528, 742

code points, table of some Character methods providing support for, 530

support for 34-bit, 528–529

Unicode Technical Standard (UTS) 37, 670

Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), 808

Uniform Resource Locator (URL). See URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

UNIX, 5, 795

UnknownHostException, 798

unlock( ), 957, 984, 985

unmodifiable... collections methods, 628–629

unordered( ), 1006, 1017

Unreachable code, 115, 233

unread( ), 735, 750–751

UnsupportedOperationException, 222, 240, 574, 577, 595, 605, 629, 774

update( ), 535–536, 858, 859, 860

URI (Uniform Resource Identifier), 808

URI class, 808

URL (Uniform Resource Locator), 802–803, 808, 1157, 1158

query string, 1174

specification format, 802–803

URL class, 802–804, 805, 806

URLConnection class, 804–807, 808

methods, list of some, 804–805

useDelimiter( ), 699–700
User Datagram Protocol (UDP), 796, 809

useRadix( ), 701

uses

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422

statement, 437, 443, 444

UTS 37, 670

UUID class, 706

val( ), 295

value (annotation member name), 304, 305

Value-based classes, 345, 512, 658, 1052

valueChanged( ), 1097, 1098, 1102, 1103

valueOf( ), 280–281, 287, 288, 488, 499, 513, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 522,
524, 526, 529, 531, 564, 656

values( ), 280–281, 605, 608

van Hoff, Arthur, 6

var, context-sensitive keyword, 19, 37, 38, 63–65, 108, 169, 195, 332, 383,
396

restrictions on using, 64–65, 350

Varargs, 16, 163–168

and ambiguity, 167–168

methods, overloading, 166–167

and Java’s printf( ), 163

parameter, 165, 579

Variable(s), 48–52

capture, 405–406

declaration, 31, 33, 48–49, 50–52, 62–65

definition of the term, 30, 48

dynamic initialization of, 49

effectively final, 405–406

enumeration, 278

final, 155, 277

instance. See Instance variables

interface, 209, 216–218

interface reference, 210–212, 216

and JShell, 1192–1193

loop control, 99–102, 103

member, 23

object reference. See Object reference variables

pattern, 473–476

scope and lifetime of, 49–52

temporary, 1198

type inference, local. See Type inference, local variable

volatile, 334

Vector class, 572, 585, 604, 636, 637–641

legacy methods, table of, 638–639

Version information, obtaining, 535–536

version( ), 533, 536

VetoableChangeListener interface, 1149, 1150

Viewport, scroll pane, 1094, 1095

visitFile( ), 793, 794

void, 29, 123

Void class, 529

volatile modifier, 334

wait( ), 197, 265–266, 268–269, 272–274, 543, 955, 983, 985, 1004

waitFor( ), 532, 534

WAITING, 274

WALL_TIME, 669

walk( ), 564, 770

walkFileTree( ), 792–794

Warth, Chris, 6

Watchable interface, 769

WeakHashMap class, 612

Web. See World Wide Web

Web browser, 802, 1157, 1158, 1160, 1161

executing applet in, 8, 11

Web server and servlets, 1158

Web Start. See Java Web Start

WebSocket

class, 818

protocol, 813

weightx constraint field, 915, 916

weighty constraint field, 915, 916

while loop, 95–97

and break, 110

and continue, 113

instanceof used with the, pattern matching form of, 476

Whitespace, 36, 88

characters, 653

from a string, removing, 498–499

and text blocks, leading, 460–462

whois, 796, 800–802

Wildcard arguments, 359–366, 380

bounded, 362–366
used in creating an array, 389

Window, AWT-based

class hierarchy, 854–855

close event, 837, 840, 845, 857

as an event source, 831, 832

frame. See Frame window

and graphics, 860

paint mode, setting the, 868–869

top-level, 855

Window class, 832, 854, 855, 857, 924

Window, Swing JFrame, 1068

windowActivated( ), 836

WindowAdapter class, 844, 845

windowClosed( ), 836

windowClosing( ), 836, 840, 844, 857, 859

WindowConstants interface, 1069

windowDeactivated( ), 836

windowDeiconified( ), 836

WindowEvent class, 823, 825, 831–832

WindowFocusListener interface, 833, 835, 845

windowGainedFocus( ), 835
windowIconified( ), 836

WindowListener interface, 833, 836, 840, 844, 845, 857, 859

windowLostFocus( ), 835

windowOpened( ), 836

WindowStateListener interface, 845

with, context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 422, 437

Work stealing, 991, 1003

World Wide Web (WWW), 6, 7, 13, 20, 803

wrap( ), 765

Wrappers, primitive type, 286–289, 294, 352, 512–529

WRITE, 538

write( ), 317, 318, 323, 329–330, 725, 738, 744, 755, 756, 768, 781, 782, 786

writeBoolean( ), 740, 756

writeDouble( ), 740, 756

writeExternal( ), 755

writeInt( ), 740, 756

writeObject( ), 755, 756, 759

Writer class, 317–318, 722, 723, 742, 743–744, 745, 755

methods defined by, table of, 744

writeString( ), 770

writeTo( ), 732
X

XOR (exclusive OR) operator (^)

bitwise, 72, 73, 74–75

Boolean logical, 81, 82

XOR paint mode, 868–869

Yellin, Frank, 6

yield

context-sensitive keyword, 37, 38, 452

statement, 450, 452–454, 455, 457

Zero crossing, 73

ZIP file format, 711