Why Git?
Installation
why should you use git command line
setting -> git config --global user.name Gautham
creating a new folder on desktop ..GIT Bash here
type in "$ code ."---> opens VScode in that folder
$ git init
$ ls -lart(-lart shows hidden folders and files)--> you can see that a .git file is
created
In VSC
------
create a new file index.html and save it
BASH
-----
$ git status
it tells you that there are untracked files in the folder and asks you to track
them
NOTE-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Untracked-> git and the file arent related in any way/git isnt tracking the file
ADD THE FILE--> git tracks the file, brings it to staging area
Staging area->we put the files that are to be committed in the staging area
what is a commit?
Its a snapshot of code at a certain point in time
Commit is done after the changes are made, changes can be made in the staging area
Untracked--(ADD)-->Stage--(COMMIT)-->Unmodified--(EDIT)-->Modified--(STAGE)-->Stage
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
$ git add index.html
$ git status
whenever we need to start tracking our project, we need to commit it(this is known
as the initial commit)
$ git commit ---> opens a vim editor
press " i "--> allows you to enter the VIM to type the initial committ message
type in the commit message->usually used to notify the change being made. eg..
Initial commit
TO EXIT THE VIM ---> "esc"--> :wq
$ git status-->O/P-->nothing to commit,working tree clean
Now we can start our project and now git will track the changes being made in the
project
$ touch about.html -->(Touch is used to create blank files, this command will
create a blank file named about.html)
$ touch contact.html
$ touch monument.html
$ git status--> multiple files that arent being tracked
to add all the files to the staging area--> $ git add -A
GOTO VSC-->make some changes to contacts.html
$ git status
git will show that contact.html is now modified
NOW :::> Contact.html is present both in modified and also in the staging are
the unmodified version(initial version) of the file is present in the staging area
and the modified one under the modified tag
$ git commit -m "Added more htmls"
the -m tag allows you to add a commit message without opening the vim editor
$ clear
used to clear the terminal
$ git checkout
--------------
Imagine that someone pranked you and modified all of your project files, saved it
and shut down the system
now that would make you really mad
--What can you do about it?--
$ git status
now this will show that the files have been modified and the changes havent been
committed
to revert the content of the files to that of the previous commit-> $ git checkout
<nameOfFile>
in case multiple files were edited--> $ git checkout -f
-------------------------------------------------------------
$ git log
tells us about the author and the commit messages
now, if there were 1000 commits made and you need to check out the last n number of
commits
$ git log -p -n(#number)
press "q" to exit
$ git diff
used to tell what differences where made
$ git diff compares working tree to the staging area and shows you the changes that
were made
MAKE A DIFFERENCE IN VSC and then .....
$ git diff --> shows you the change(compares working directory and the
staging area)
$ git add -A -->adds the change
$ git diff --> no change between the working directory and staging area
$ git diff --staged --> compares the staging area to the previous commit
$ git commit -a -m "This command is used to directly commit files without staging
them"
$ git rm --> removes the file from staging area and also deletes the
files
$ git rm --cached --> removes the file only from the staging area
for a summarized git status :
$ git status -s
Red color M ->modified staging area
green color M->denotes working tree
combined ->modified in both staging and working tree
$ git ignore
There might be files that do not require to be tracked
$ touch .gitignore ->creates the .gitignore file
to ignore a certain file, add the name of the file to .gitignore
eg.
mylogs.log-->ignores the log file
*.log -->ignores the entire class of log files present
/mylogs.log-->ignores the log file present in the current folder/working directory
<foldername>/-->ignores an entire folder
BRANCHES
--------
Imagine you're working on a critical product.
branch creates a new copy of the master branch and lets you work on the copy
and it wouldnt pose any risk to the existing files
$ git branch
on master branch, working tree clean
$ git branch <nameOfBranch>
$ git branch
<nameOfBranch>
* master
::to switch to the new branch..
$ git checkout <nameOfBranch>
::to switch to a new branch as you creater it
$ git checkout -b <nameOfBranch>
::to merge two branch
$ git merge
Connecting local repository to GitHub
-------------------------------------------
git config --global user.username gautham24-github (link github account to local
repository)
git remote add origin https://github.com/Gautham248/WebDev2024.git (link local
repository to github repository)
git push origin master(push local files to github)
Connecting local repository to GitHub
-------------------------------------------
git config --global user.username gautham24-github (link github account to local
repository)
git remote add origin https://github.com/Gautham248/WebDev2024.git (link local
repository to github repository)
git push origin master(push local files to github)
