Introduction to Software Engineering

Page 1: Overview of Software Engineering

 Definition: What is Software Engineering?
o Engineering discipline focused on designing, developing,
maintaining, and managing software systems.
 Importance of Software Engineering
o Ensures software is reliable, maintainable, and scalable.

o Helps manage complexity in large systems.

 Software vs. Hardware: Differences and Interactions

 Phases of Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
o Planning, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and
maintenance.

Page 2: Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Models

 Waterfall Model
o Linear, sequential approach to software development.

o Phases: Requirements, design, implementation, testing,

deployment, and maintenance.
 Agile Model
o Iterative, incremental model emphasizing flexibility and
customer collaboration.
o Example frameworks: Scrum, Kanban.

 V-Model
o Extension of the waterfall model with corresponding testing
phases for each development stage.
 DevOps and Continuous Integration
o A blend of development and operations aimed at continuous
delivery and collaboration.

Page 3: Software Requirements Engineering

 Requirements Gathering:
 o Stakeholder analysis, interviews, and workshops.

 Types of Requirements:
o Functional Requirements: What the software must do.

o Non-Functional Requirements: Performance, security, usability,

etc.
 Requirement Specification: Documenting requirements (SRS -
Software Requirements Specification).
 Requirements Validation and Management: Ensuring all
requirements are clear, feasible, and up-to-date.

Page 4: Software Design

 Design Concepts:
o Modularity: Breaking software into manageable, independent
modules.
o Abstraction: Simplifying complex systems.

o Cohesion and Coupling: Designing high-cohesion, low-coupling

systems.
 Design Patterns:
o Common solutions to recurring design problems (e.g.,
Singleton, Factory, Observer patterns).
 Architectural Design:
o High-level structure of the system (e.g., client-server, layered
architecture, microservices).
 UML Diagrams:
o Class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and use-case diagrams for
design modeling.

Page 5: Programming and Implementation

 Programming Languages:
o High-level languages (e.g., Python, Java, C++) and their usage.

 Version Control:
o Tools like Git, GitHub for managing code changes and
collaboration.
  Code Review Practices:
o Ensuring code quality and consistency through peer reviews.

 Coding Standards:
o Naming conventions, comments, and consistent formatting to
improve code readability and maintainability.

Page 6: Software Testing

 Types of Testing:
o Unit Testing: Testing individual components of the software.

o Integration Testing: Ensuring different modules work together.

o System Testing: Verifying the complete system meets

requirements.
o Acceptance Testing: Ensuring the product satisfies business
and customer needs.
 Test Automation:
o Using tools like Selenium, JUnit for automated testing.

 Test-Driven Development (TDD):

o Writing tests before code implementation.

Page 7: Software Maintenance and Evolution

 Types of Maintenance:
o Corrective: Fixing bugs and issues.

o Adaptive: Modifying software to work in new environments.

o Perfective: Enhancing software functionality.

o Preventive: Improving software to prevent future problems.

 Refactoring:
o Improving code structure without changing functionality.

 Software Evolution Models:

o Handling continuous changes and updates to software
systems.
Page 8: Software Project Management
 Project Planning:
o Estimation, scheduling, and risk management.

 Resource Management:
o Allocation of time, team, and tools.

 Agile Project Management:

o Managing iterative development with Scrum or Kanban.

 Key Project Metrics:

o Tracking progress, quality, and performance using KPIs (e.g.,
velocity, defect rate).

Page 9: Software Quality Assurance (SQA)

 Quality Assurance vs. Quality Control:
o QA is process-oriented, ensuring the process used to create
the software is sound.
o QC is product-oriented, ensuring the actual software meets
standards.
 SQA Activities:
o Reviews, audits, and process improvements.

 ISO Standards:
o ISO/IEC 25010 for software product quality.

 Continuous Improvement:
o Using feedback and metrics to improve processes (e.g., Kaizen,
Six Sigma).

Page 10: Emerging Trends in Software Engineering

 DevOps and Continuous Delivery/Deployment:
o Automating and streamlining the software release process.

 Artificial Intelligence in Software Development:

o AI-powered tools for automated coding, testing, and bug
detection.
  Cloud Computing:
o Using cloud platforms (e.g., AWS, Azure) for scalable, flexible
software development and deployment.
 Microservices Architecture:
o Designing applications as a collection of loosely coupled
services.
 Cybersecurity in Software Engineering:
o Incorporating secure coding practices and encryption for data
protection.

Conclusion and Further Reading:

 Resources:
o Books: Software Engineering by Ian Sommerville, The
Pragmatic Programmer by Andrew Hunt and David Thomas.
o Online Platforms: Coursera, edX, Udemy.

 Certifications: PMP, Certified ScrumMaster (CSM), AWS Certified

Developer.