11/10/2024, 13:08 JavaScript const

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JavaScript Const
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The const keyword was introduced in ES6 (2015)

Variables defined with const cannot be Redeclared

Variables defined with const cannot be Reassigned

Variables defined with const have Block Scope

Cannot be Reassigned
A variable defined with the const keyword cannot be reassigned:

Example
const PI = 3.141592653589793;
PI = 3.14; // This will give an error
PI = PI + 10; // This will also give an error

Try it Yourself »

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JavaScript JAVASCRIPT SQLbe assigned
variables must PYTHON a value
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Correct

const PI = 3.14159265359;

Incorrect

const PI;
PI = 3.14159265359;

When to use JavaScript const?

Always declare a variable with const when you know that the value should not
be changed.

Use const when you declare:

A new Array
A new Object
A new Function
A new RegExp

Constant Objects and Arrays

The keyword const is a little misleading.

It does not define a constant value. It defines a constant reference to a value.

Because of this you can NOT:

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Reassign a constant value

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Reassign a constant object
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But you CAN:

Change the elements of constant array

Change the properties of constant object

Constant Arrays
You can change the elements of a constant array:

Example

// You can create a constant array:

const cars = ["Saab", "Volvo", "BMW"];

// You can change an element:

cars[0] = "Toyota";

// You can add an element:

[Link]("Audi");

Try it Yourself »

But you can NOT reassign the array:

Example
const cars = ["Saab", "Volvo", "BMW"];

cars = ["Toyota", "Volvo", "Audi"]; // ERROR

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Constant Objects
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You can change the properties of a constant object:

Example

// You can create a const object:

const car = {type:"Fiat", model:"500", color:"white"};

// You can change a property:

[Link] = "red";

// You can add a property:

[Link] = "Johnson";

Try it Yourself »

But you can NOT reassign the object:

Example
const car = {type:"Fiat", model:"500", color:"white"};

car = {type:"Volvo", model:"EX60", color:"red"}; // ERROR

Try it Yourself »

Difference Between var, let and const

Scope Redeclare Reassign Hoisted Binds this

var No Yes Yes Yes Yes

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let Yes
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No
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  No No
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const Yes No No No No
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What is Good?
let and const have block scope.

let and const can not be redeclared.

let and const must be declared before use.

let and const does not bind to this .

let and const are not hoisted.

What is Not Good?

var does not have to be declared.

var is hoisted.

var binds to this.

Browser Support
The let and const keywords are not supported in Internet Explorer 11 or earlier.

The following table defines the first browser versions with full support:

Chrome 49 Edge 12 Firefox 36 Safari 11 Opera 36

Mar, 2016 Jul, 2015 Jan, 2015 Sep, 2017 Mar, 2016

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Block
 Scope
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with const PYTHON
is similar to let JAVA PHP
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Block [Link] C

The x declared in the block, in this example, is not the same as the x declared outside
the block:

Example
const x = 10;
// Here x is 10

{
const x = 2;
// Here x is 2
}

// Here x is 10

Try it Yourself »

You can learn more about block scope in the chapter JavaScript Scope.

Redeclaring
Redeclaring a JavaScript var variable is allowed anywhere in a program:

Example
var x = 2; // Allowed
var x = 3; // Allowed
x = 4; // Allowed

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Redeclaring an existing var or let variable to const , in the same scope, is not
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Example
var x = 2; // Allowed
const x = 2; // Not allowed

{
let x = 2; // Allowed
const x = 2; // Not allowed
}

{
const x = 2; // Allowed
const x = 2; // Not allowed
}

Reassigning an existing const variable, in the same scope, is not allowed:

Example

const x = 2; // Allowed
x = 2; // Not allowed
var x = 2; // Not allowed
let x = 2; // Not allowed
const x = 2; // Not allowed

{
const x = 2; // Allowed
x = 2; // Not allowed
var x = 2; // Not allowed
let x = 2; // Not allowed
const x = 2; // Not allowed
}

Redeclaring a variable with const , in another scope, or in another block, is allowed:

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const x = 2; // Allowed

{
const x = 3; // Allowed
}

{
const x = 4; // Allowed
}

Hoisting
Variables defined with var are hoisted to the top and can be initialized at any time.

Meaning: You can use the variable before it is declared:

Example
This is OK:

carName = "Volvo";
var carName;

Try it Yourself »

If you want to learn more about hoisting, study the chapter JavaScript Hoisting.

Variables defined with const are also hoisted to the top, but not initialized.

Meaning: Using a const variable before it is declared will result in a ReferenceError :

Example
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const carName = "Volvo";
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