Chapter – 1

MOTION
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1. Differentiate between scalar and vector quantities.
A scalar quantity has only magnitude
e.g. Length, area, volume, speed, mass, density, pressure and temperature.
A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction.
e.g. Displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum and force

➢ To describe the position of an object we need to specify a reference point called the origin.

2. Distinguish between distance and displacement.

Distance: -
a) Distance is the total path length covered between initial and final point.

b) Distance depends on the path followed by the body.

c) Distance is a scalar quantity.

d) Distance cannot be zero even when the object comes back to the initial point.

Displacement: -
a) Displacement is the shortest or the straight-line distance from initial to final point.

b) Displacement does not depend on the path followed but displacement depends only on

the initial and final point.

c) Displacement is a vector quantity.

d) Displacement can be zero when the object comes back to the initial point
3. Calculate the distance and displacement in the following cases.
a) Case: 1

Sl No Path Distance Displacement

a) A→B 70 m 70 m
b) A→B→C 120 m 120 m
c) A → B → C→ B 170 m 70 m
d) A → B → C→ B→ A 240 m 0
e) A→D→C 150 m 120 m
f) A → D → C→ B 200 m 70 m
g) A → D → C→ B → A 270 m 0

Case: 2

Sl No Path Distance Displacement

a) A→B 4m 4m
b) A→B→C 7m AC = √AB 2 + BC 2
= √42 + 32
= √16 + 9
= √25
= 5m
c) A → B → C→ D 11 m 3m
d) A → B → C→ D→ A 14 m 0
 Case: 3
Radius = 10 cm

Path Distance Displacement

A→B 1
= 2πr =
πr
AB = √R + R2
4 2
=
π × 10
= 5 π cm = √2R2
2
= √2 R
= 15.7 cm
= √2 × 10
= 10√2 cm
A→B→C 1
= 2πr = πr AC = 2 R
2
= 2 × 10
= π × 10 = 10 π cm
= 15.7 cm = 20 cm

A → B → C→ D 3
= 2πr =
3πr
AD = √R + R2
4 2
=
3π × 10
= 15 π cm = √2R2
2
= √2 R
= 47.1 cm
= √2 × 10
= 10√2 cm
A → B → C→ D→ A = 2πr
= 2π × 10 AA = 0 m
= 20 π cm
= 62.8 cm