PRACTICE PAPER [Time Allowed: 3 Hours] General Instructions: Same as Practice Paper 1. SECTION - A 1, Identify the incorrect statement. (@) Species diversity decreases from equator to poles. (b) Steller’s sea cow and passenger pigeon became extinct due to over-exploitation. (©) Parthenium and Lantana are the alienJinvasive weed species. (@_Atemperate region had more time for speciation. 2. Match column I and column Il and select the correct option. Column 1 A. Methanogens 1. Immunosuppressant f | 2, Biological oxygen demand | | | B. Fermenter C. Onganie matter in sewage 3. Large vessel for culturing microbes for bioconversion D. Cyclosporin A 4, Clot buster | 5. Rumen of cattle | @ianbecmpal (® A-2,B-3,C-4,D-5 (© AaB 4G=spel (@ A-5,B-1,C-2,D-4 3. Select the mRNA segment transcribed by the following segment of DNA. 3! TACGTCCGTGAC 5° 5' ATGCAGGCACTG 3" (a) 5'AUGCAGGCACUG 3° (8) 5' ATGCAGGCACTG 3° (c) S'GTCACGGACGUA 3° (d@) 5‘ CAGUGCCUGCAU 3’ 4. ximately how much of the solar energy that falls on leave a s soeeey, rey the leaves of a plant is converted to chemical energy by (a) Less than 1% (b) 2-10% (c) 30% (a 50% 5. log S=log C +2 log A Inthe given equation of species-area relationship, the value of regression coefficient for a whole continent, would be (@ 01-02 (6) 05-07 (© 06-12 @ 03-05 6. The organ transplants(grafts) are often rejected, if not taken from a compatible person. It is : (a) due to cell-mediated immunity (©) mediated by Tymphosye HI s (6) because body distinguishes ‘self” and ‘non-self” cells (@ allofthesePractice Papers 513 7. When many copies of a desired DNA segment have to be prodiiced, the vector Seleeted must be the one (@) which has a single restriction site (B) that does not ean origin of replication (©) whose ‘ori® supports a high copy number (@) that has an antibioti. resistance gene 8. Which among the following are produced with distillation? ‘A. Rum, B, Beer, C. Brandy, D. Whisky, E. Wine @ A,BandD () B,CandD (9 A,CandD (@) B,CandE 9. Which of the following is not a property of cancerous cells?” (@) They divide in an uncontrolled manner. (b) They do not remain confined to the site of origin (©) They exhibit contact inhibition (d)_ They compete with normal cells for vital m rents 10, Which of the following statements about post-fertilisation development of ah angiosperm, is Wrong? (@)_ In tomato and brinjal the calyx becomes persistent on the fruit (®) The ovary wall transforms into the fruit wall, called pericarp. (©) The ovule(s) become(s) the seed(s). (d) The nucellus remains as the endospemm in some, Identify the correct path of milk secreted by the mammary glands. (a) Alveoli > Mammary ducts > Ampulla > Mammary tubules -> Lactiferous ducts, u, (© Alveoli > Ampulia > Mammary ducts -> Mammaty tubules + Lacifferous ducts (©) Alveoli > Mammary tubules > Mammary ducts “> Ampulla > Laciiferous ducts (A) Lactiferous ducts -> Alveoli > Mammary tubules -> Amputta > Mammary duet 12, Which of the following amino acid substitation is responsible for eausing sickle cell anemia? (a) Valine is substituted by Glutamic acid in the « globin chain at the sixth position (b) Valine is substituted by Glutamic acid in the B globin chain at seventh position (©) Glutamic acid is substituted by Valine in the « globin chain atthe sixth position (d) Glutamic acd is substituted by Valin inthe globin chein at the sixth position F Question No. 13 to 16 consist of two statements ~ Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below: (@) Both Aand R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. (6) Ais true but Ris false. (@) Ais false but Ris true. 13, Assertion (A): A secondary oocyte, atthe time of ovulation has 46 chromatids. Reason (R): A secondary oocyte and the first polar body are formed when the primary oveyte completes meiosis I sg 14s Assertion (A): India is one ofthe 12 mego-diversity countries of ss _ Reason (R) nro 2p nt a biodiversity $1 percent. Dut : ¢ DNA strands do not separate in the ete eng, bt replication orcus only ‘amounts of energy.514 ayether ite? Biology—I2 16, Assertion (A): When an alien or recombinant DBR 322, the recombinant loses resistance to ampiilin. Reason (R): The Pv Lsite lies within the coding sequence of ampicilin-resistance gene. DNA is ligated at the Pvu I site of the [Link] cloning vector, SECTION-1 17. How is Darwin's concept of evolution different from that of de Vries? 18, Study the diagrams of Biogas plants “A’ and “B” and answer the question that follow ‘Slur of human Slury of dura ae ae excreta Gas pipe {> Gas holder Gas holder sludge sludge Dinester Digester Biogas Plant (A) Biogas Plont (6) Which of the two biogas plants can be used for generating gas fuel and electricity and why? Give suitable reasons in. support of you answer. Or tatutory warning in the cigarette packets against smoking and its injurious effects on health, smoking is Ingpite of the s still prevalent in the society. Enumerate four important health hazards in a smoker, 19. (a). How is the entry of only one sperm and not many into an ovum, ensured during fertilisation in humans? (b). Mention the first event that eccurs as soon as a sperm enters an oyun. 20. Why are predators prudent in nature? 21. How is DNA isolated in a purified form from bacterial cells for biotechnology experiments? SECTION-C 22. The diagram of an anatropous ovule is presented below. on (a) Give the technical term for ovule. (b) Identify and name the part that (attaches the ovule to the placenta. (i) remains as perisperm in some seeds. (Gli) forms the testa of seed. (jv) represents the basal part of the ovule. (0) represents the female gametophyte.Practice Papers 515 23. (a) Differentiate between humoral and cell-mediated immune response. «who has undergone organ transplant put on immuno- suppressants? Explain. (b) Why is a patient ? Why are they so called? Or 4 to prevent the infestation of roots in tobacco plants by a nem: 24, How are sticky ends formed on DNA strands’ How has RNAi technique helpe iatode, Meloidegyne incognitia? 25. Name the pituitary hormones influencing Leydig cells these cells and Sertoli cells present in human testes, Explain the functions of 26. Explain the three different ways in which natural selection operates: 27. (a), How do organic farmers control pests? Give two examples 1 pest contro! methods. (b) State the difference in their approach from that of conventional project, Mention how they were used 28. (a)_ List the two methodologies which were involved in human genome (b) Expand *YAC’ and mention what was it used for, SECTION-D fon has subparts with internal choice in one subpart. Question No. 29 and 30 are case ~ based questions. Each quest 29, Just as they proposed the double helical structure of DNA, Watson and Crick had immediately proposed a scheme for replication of DNA. The scheme suggested that the two strands would separate ‘and each of them acts as a template for the synthesis of complementary strand. After completion of replication, each ofthe nest [DNA molecules would possess one parental stand and one newly synthesised strand. This scheme has been teed a5 semiconservative replication. the sketch and answer the questions that follow: bd BQ es SS ” “Se \ (a), When and where does replication of DNA occur in eukaryote ells? (6) Identify the polarity ofthe strands a-b and c-d. 5 (6) Why does DNA replication occur in such smal forks? Name the major enzyme that catalyses his process or (©) Why is DNA synthesis continuous and discontinuous onthe two stands? What name is given to (*) the cont synthesised strand (A~ B) (i) the small segments ofthe strand (C~D)? 430, Ther is no natural habitat on earth that is inhabited by a single species nly. In nature plans, animals and microbes do not and cannot live in isolation, but interact in various ways to form a biological community. Interspecific interaction eae fom the interaction of populations of two different species. The interactions could be beneficial detrimental or neutral to one or both the interacting species. The following signs are assigned: +" for beneficial interaction *— for detrimental interaction “0” for neutral interaction, ie, neither beneficial nor detrimental, 'ADNA replication fork is shown below. Observe inuouslyS16 “apecher etek Biology—I2 Study the following table and answer the questions that follow: (@)_ Identify and name the type of interaction among (A-D) that can show co-evolution. Give two examples of this type of interaction. (6) Identify the types of interactions B and € and define the same. Or (4) Select from the following, the interaction(s) which depiet(s) D. Name the type of interaction. s living on the skin of dogs, (ii) Clown fish living among the tentacles of sea anemone, Gi) Rhizobium in the root nodules of leguminous plants, (») Cuseuta growing on a hedge plant. (v), An orchid plant growing on a mango tree. (vi) Sucker fish attached to the back of a whale. SECTION-E (q)_ Differentiate between Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis on the basis of : (8) Time of initiation of the process Gi)_ Site of completion of the process (iii) Nature of meiotic division undergone by gamete mother cells (b) Name the hormones and state their role involved in controlling spermatogenesis in humans;, Or Trace the development of a 2-celled pollen grain of an angiosperm within an anther. Draw a labelled diagram to substantiate your answer. 32. Draw a labelled diagram of a simple stirred-tank bioreactor and describe its funetioning. i - (a) Name the source trom which insulin was extracted earlier. Why is this insulin no more is use by diabetic people? () Explain the process of synthesis of insulin by Eli Lilly company. Name the technique us ed bs () How is the insulin produced by human body different from the insulin produced by the abo. Describe the packaging of DNA helix in a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryote nuéleus. * — . Or f rok (2) Why are thalassemia and haemophilia eategorsed as Mendelian disorders? Write the symptoms ofthese diseases. Explain their pattern of inheritance in humans, ey (b) Write the genotypes of the normal parents producing a haemophilic son, y the company. e mentioned company?Answers to Practice Paper 8 1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (©) 7. (0) 8. (©) 9. (©) 10. (d) 1. (©) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. 7 7 Darwinian Concept de Vries Concept, ~ According to Darwin, speciation occurs | ~ According to de Vries, mutations arising with the accumulation of minor heritable | — suddenly in a population, are responsible variations. for speciation — Evolution was gradual and occurs through | — Evolution occurs in a large single-step a number of generations. mutation (saltation). = Variations are small and directional. = Mutations are random and directionless. 18. - Biogas plant A and can be used. = The slurry of dung contains both cellulosic material and the methanogens; by anaerobic degradation they produce a mixture of gases-methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen, which can be used for lighting and cooking. — In Biogas plant B, human excreta does not have cellulosic material or methanogens to produce biogas. OR Because of its addictive nature, it is hard to get rid of the use of tobacco and it paves way to hard drugs. (8) Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to secrete adrenaline and nor-adrenaline, both of which increase the blood pressure and the heart rate. (i#) It causes oxygen deficiency in the body by increasing the carbon monoxide content in the blood and reducing the concentration of haembound oxygen. (ii) TWleads to cancer of throat, lungs and urinary bladder. (iv) It causes gastric ulcers and increased risk of coronary heart diseases. (v) Smoking also causes respiratory disorders like bronchitis and emphysema. (any four) 19. (a) The changes induced in the zona pellucida of the ovum by the sperm coming in contact with it, block the entry of any other sperm and ensures the entry of only one sperm. (b) The completion of meiosis II by the secondary oocyte. 20. A predator is prudent in nature because: = If a predator is too efficient and overexploits the prey, the prey might become extinct. — For lack of food in the absence of prey, the predator will also become extinet Biology—12 (1)2. 22. 23. (a) Differences 24, The bacterial cells are treated with lysozyme, to remove the cell wall, ‘The proteins associated with the DNA are removed by treatment with proteases and the associated RNAs are removed by treatment with RNases. (@) Megasporangium () @ G Funicle (ii) E. Outer integument () C. Embryo sac. Similarly other molecules (if any) are removed by appropriate treatments. The purified DNA is precipitated by the addition of chilled ethanol and removed by spooling. (ii) B. Nucellus (iv) A. Chalaza Humoral Immune Response Cell-mediated Immune Response = It consists of the antibodies that are circulating in the body fluids (humors). -The antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes. = It consists of the different types of T-lymphocytes. ~ The T-lymphocytes stimulate the B-cells to produce antibodies and are also responsible for rejecting organ transplants (6) Itisto av cells. graft rejection, as our immune system can differentiate the ‘self” and ‘nonselt” When a restriction enzyme cuts the strands of DNA, a little away from the centre of the palindrome site, between the same two bases on the two strands, single-stranded portions are left at the ends. These overhanging single-stranded stretches of DNA at the ends, are called ‘sticky ends’. They are so called because they easily form hydrogen bonds with their complementary cut counterparts with the action of enzyme ligase. OR RNA interference (RNAi) occurs asa method of cellular defence in all eukaryi organisms. It involves the silencing of a specific MRNA by a complementary dsRNA. The complementary RNA for making the double-stranded RNA comes either from an infection by RNA viruses or mobile genetic elements, called transposons, which replicate through an RNA intermediate. The nematode-specific genes are introduced into the host plant, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens as vector, in such a way that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host. ‘The sense and antisense RNAs are complementary to each other and form dsRNA. ‘The dsRNA binds to and prevents the translation of a specific mRNA. Consequently, the parasite is not able to live in the transgenic tobacco plant and hence, the plant is protected, Biology—12 (2)25, — Luteinizing hormone influences Leydig cells. - Leydig cells secrete the hormone, testosterone, which regulates spermatogenesis. — Follicle stimulating hormone influences Sertoli cells. — Sertoli cells produce certain factors necessary for spermiogenesis and nourish the male germ cells also. 26. Following are the different ways in which natural selection affects a heritable trait in a population: (@) Stabilisation — more individuals acquire the mean character value, ie. variation is much reduced. (i) Directional change - more individuals aequire value other than the mean character value. (iii) Disruption - more individuals acquire peripheral character value at both ends of the distribution curve; two peaks are formed. 27. (a) The organic farmer creates a system where the insects (called pests) are not eradicated, but kept at manageable levels by a complex system of checks and balance within a living e.g. (i) The ladybird beetle gets rid of aphids (ii) The dragonflies control the mosquito population. (6) — An organic farmer relies on bio-control agents and hence, only the so called pests are targeted and no useful organisms are killed; since there is no chemicals involved, there s no pollution of soil, groundwater, ete. = The conventional pest control methods use chemicals, which kill both the harmful and useful organisms indiscriminately; they also pollute the soil, and groundwater and the agricultural produces. 28, (a) The two methodologies are: (i) Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs)-it focuses on identifying all the genes that are expressed as RNAS. (ii) Sequence Annotation-it aims at sequencing the whole set of genome that includes all the coding sequences and non-coding sequences and then assigning functions to different regions in the sequence. (b) Yeast artificial chromosome. — It is used as the vector. 29. (a) DNA replication occurs in the S-phase of interphase in the cell cycle. (b) - Stranda -b-¥ 35° = Stand e-d- 5 33 () = Replication of DNA occurs in small replication forks, because DNA is such a long molecule that the separation of the two strands along its entire length requires a very high amount of energy. — DNA-dependent DNA polymerase is the enzyme. Biology—12 (3)© 30. (a) (b) (b) 31. (a) (6) - OR ince DNA-dependent DNA polymerase can catalyse the polymerisation in the 5 yoy direction only, on the template strand with 3° — 5’ polarity, synthesis is continuous and on the template strand with 5’ — 3° polarity, synthesis is (i) Strand A-B is called leading strand, (ii) Okazaki fragments. — A~ Mutualism can show coevolution. eg, . A particular species of wasp pollinating the fig plants. 2. The fungus and a photosynthesising alga in lichens. 3. Rhizobium in the root nodules of leguminous plant. 4, Mycorthizae, B is competition, a process in which the fitness of one species (measured a jon between fungi and the roots of higher plants. (any vo) the intrinsic rate of increase) is significantly lower in the presence of the other species; it is an interaction in which both the partners are affected. Cis Amensalism, an interspecific interaction in which one of the species is benefitted white the other species is neither benefitted nor harmed, i.c., neutral OR (ii) Clown fish living among the tentacles of sea anemone, (v)_ An orchid plant growing on a mango tree. (vi) Sucker fish attached to the back of a whale. The interaction is commensalism. Spermatogenesis ‘Oogenesis (i) Time of initiation of the process — It is initiated at puberty. (i) Site of completion = It is completed in the testes. (iii) Nature of meiotic division = The primary spermatocyte undergoes meiosis I and forms two equal-sized secondary spermatocytes. — The secondary spermatocytes complete meiosis IT to form equal sized spermatids. = Meiosis is completed at a stretch. It is initiated during embryonic stages. It is completed in the ampullary-isthmic junction of fallopian tube, when a sperm enters its cytoplasm. The primary oocyte undergoes meiosis T and forms a large cell, the secondary oocyte and a smaller cell called polar body. The secondary oocyte undergoes meiosis Il and forms a large cell, the ootid and a small polar body. Meiosis becomes suspended in between, The secretion of gonadotropin relez increases significantly during puberty. ing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus Biology—12 __ (4)= GnRH acts on the anterior pituitary and stimulates the secretion of two gonadotropins namely follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), (also called interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH).. = L¥Lacts on the Leydig cells of testes and stimulates them to secrete testosterone, which stimulates the process of spermatogenesis. — FSH acts on the Sertoli cells and stimulates them to secrete certain factors which are necessary for the process of spermiogenesis. OR Microsporogenesis occurs in the centre of each of the microsporangia of an anther. = Each cell of the sporogenous tissue is a potential pollen mother cell (PMC). — Each microspore or pollen mother cell undergoes meiosis; all the four microspores remain enclosed in a common wall, as a microspore tetrad. — As the anther matures and dehydrates, the microspores dissociate from one another and each develops into a pollen grain, = The nucleus undergoes a mitotie division resulting in the formation of a large vegetative cell and a small generative cell. = The pollen grain develops a wall of two layers-the outer exine of sporopollenin and inner intine of pectin and cellulose. — At this stage, the pollen grains are liberated; but in some cereals the generative cell undergoes mitosis to form two male gametes and the pollen grain is 3-celled, at the time of liberation. xine Intine Vegetative cell ‘Generative cell Sectional View of Pollen Grain Acid/base for Motor A contol Foam beaker Seiaton Fat bladed etor Care oan suerte a Biology—I2 (5)— The simple stirred-tank bioreactors are cylindrical with a curved base to facilitate the mixing of the contents in the reactor. — The stirrer facilitates even mixing and availability of oxygen throughout the bioreactor. — It has an agitation system, an oxygen delivery system, foam control systems for temperature and pH, etc, and sampling ports for taking out samples periodically. OR (@)_ = Pancreas of slaughtered pigs and cattle animals was the source of insulin, — Insulin from these sources caused some allergy or other types of immune reactions to the foreign protein; hence they are no more used to treat diabetes in people. (b) of two DNA strands, coding les A and B of human insulin. Introduction of the DNA strands into the plasmid of the bacterium Escherichia coli. ¥ Culturing of the E. coli cells Y Selection of transformants (transgenic bacteria) and culturing the transformants in a large scale. Y Collection of polypeptides A and B of insulin secreted by the bacteria in the culture medium. ¥ n and joining of the polypeptides using disulphide bridges. Purificat — The technique used by the company is recombinant DNA technology. (©) The prohormone produced in human body has three polypeptide chains A, B and C; but during maturation, polypeptide C is removed. — Only polypeptide chains A and B have been s 33. In Prokaryotes = The negatively charged DNA is held by some positively charged protei the cell, called nucleoid. = The DNA in the nucleoid is arranged in large loops held by the proteins. mnthesised by the Eli Lilly company. a region of In Eukaryotes = In eukaryotes, DNA is packaged in the form of nucleosomes, with the positively-charged basic proteins, called histones. = Eight molecules of histones are organised as a unit, called histone octamer. Biology—12 (6)— The negatively charged DNA (of about 200 base pairs) is wrapped around the histone octamer, to form a nucleosome. — The nucleosomes form the repeating units of chromatin. = The packaging of chromatin at higher levels involves a set of proteins, called non-histone chromosomal (NHC) proteins. = Ina cukaryotic nucleus, some regions of chromatin are loosely packed (cuchromatin) and some regions are tightly packed (heterochromatin). OR (a) Thalassemia and haemophilia are categorised as Mendelian disorders, for the following reasons: (i) They are mainly due to alteration or mutation in a single gene. (ii) These disorders are transmitted to the offspring in the same lines as Mendelian principles of inheritance, ie. by the parents who are carriers and are apparently normal. (iii) ‘The pattern of inheritance of these disorders can be traced in a family by pedigree analysis. Symptoms of Thalassemia. = The victim suffers from anaemia as the synthesis of either alpha globin chain(s) or beta globin chain(s) of haemoglobin is impaired, Symptoms of Haemophilia, = Clotting of blood is affected as one of the factors needed for clotting is not synthesised; so in a haemop! Inheritance pattern of Thalassemia, = Thalassemia is an autosomal, recessively inherited disorder, transmitted to the offspring when both the parents are heterozygous/carriers for the disease. = Alpha thalassemia is controlled by two closely linked genes, HBA] and HBA2, located on chromosome 16. individual, even a simple cut leads to non-stop bleeding. = Beta thalassemia is controlled by a single gene, HBB, located on chromosome 11. Inheritance pattern of Haemophi = Haemophilia is a sex-linked, recessively inherited disorder, whose gene is present on the X-chromosome. = It affects more males than females, because a male has only one X-chromosome and the female has two X-chromosomes and has to be homozygous recessive for the disease to develop. (6) Normal parents with genotypes, XY (father) and XX" (mother) can produce a haemophilic son. Biology—12 (7)