PHYSCI
Class 11
Opening
Prayer
Sit properly SPEAK UP! CONTRIBUTE
Engage
Which will fall first?
A Video clip will be shown first
then you will guess which will
fall first according to the video,
is it the BALL or the FEATHER?
BALL
FEATHER
THEY WILL FALL AT
THE SAME TIME
Explain
Topic:
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
Learning Objectives:
1. Compare and contrast the Aristotelian and Galilean
conceptions of vertical motion, horizontal motion,
and projectile motion.
2. Explain how Galileo inferred that objects in
vacuum fall with uniform acceleration, and that
force is not necessary to sustain horizontal motion
3. Explain the subtle distinction between Newton’s
1st Law of Motion (or Law of Inertia) and Galileo’s
assertion that force is not necessary to sustain
horizontal motion of planetary motion
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
1. Nature of Motion
Aristotelian Concepts on Motion
● force exists within an object that
compels it to behave in a certain
manner.
● motion was primarily determined by the
nature of the substance that was
moving.
1. Nature of Motion
Aristotelian Concepts on Motion
● motion can either be a
natural motion or violent motion.
1. Nature of Motion
Aristotelian Concepts on Motion
● motion can either be a
natural motion or violent motion
natural motion- an object will move and
will eventually return to its natural state
depending on the composition of the
object.
1. Nature of Motion
Aristotelian Concepts on Motion
● motion can either be a
natural motion or violent motion
violent motion- an object will move if an
external force such as pushing or pulling
is applied to it.
1. Nature of Motion
Aristotelian Concepts on Motion
● force is considered as a
controlling factor of the only
reason why there is motion
● laws governing the motion of the
heavens were a different set of laws than
those that governed motion on the earth.
1. Nature of Motion
Galilean Concepts on Motion
● “Motion is a natural state which
continue until altered”
● motion continued unless interfered with.
1. Nature of Motion
Galilean Concepts on Motion
● without gravity to speed the
descent and slow the ascent, and
without friction, objects would not start
or stop moving at all.
● discovery of the acceleration due to
gravity which is 9.8 m/s2
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
2. Vertical Motion
Aristotle
● the behavior of objects depends
upon their composition
● heavy objects, like stones, tend to fall
downwards. On the other hand, light
objects, such as fire, tend to move
upwards. These behaviors --gravity and
levity or heaviness and lightness
respectively.
2. Vertical Motion
Aristotle
● the factors determining the
behavior of an object, all
originate within the object to be
explained, and depend upon the
unobservable nature of that object.
2. Vertical Motion
Galileo
● pure freefall acceleration is
uniform and constant for all
objects regardless of their own size and
weight, and that acceleration is 9.8 m/s2
2. Vertical Motion
Galileo
● objects are being pulled by the
earth’s gravitational force at an
acceleration of 9.8 m/s2, so any object
tossed upward will surely fall back to the
ground.
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
3. Horizontal Motion
Aristotle
● objects move not by their nature
but because of impressed forces.
This means that bodies need push or pull
to maintain horizontal motion.
3. Horizontal Motion
Galileo
● objects will move along the same
plane with a motion which is
uniform and perpetual, provided
the plane has no limits, meaning
there are no interferences
such as friction.
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
4. Projectile Motion
4. Projectile Motion
Aristotle
● motion of an object which is
moving parallel to the ground
due to an ‘impetus’ until it is time for it to
fall back into the ground.
4. Projectile Motion
Aristotle
● ‘Impetus’ refers to a force, so
this means that a stone thrown
horizontally continues to move in the
same direction until the force is used up
which would cause the stone to fall to
the ground.
4. Projectile Motion
Aristotle
● Movement continues in a
straight line until the impetus is
expended causing the object to fall to
the ground.
4. Projectile Motion
Galileo
● the motion of a projectile is a
combination of constant
horizontal velocity and vertical motion, in
which the projectile accelerates at a rate
of 9.8 m s2
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
● It was mentioned earlier that
friction is an interference to
motion.
This means the presence of friction can
slow down or stop motion.
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
● This can be understood easily on
a visibly rough surface.
But what about in air that we can’t see, is
there friction?
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
Yes, we call this air resistance.
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
Suggested Action 1: From the same
height, drop a book and a piece of
paper? Which will reach the ground first?
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
Suggested Action 1: From the same
height, drop a book and a piece of
paper? Which will reach the ground first?
Answer: Book
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
Suggested Action 2: Crumple the
paper you used in action 1, and
repeat Action 1. Which will reach the
ground first?
5. Acceleration in a Vacuum
Galileo
Suggested Action 2: Crumple the
paper you used in action 1, and
repeat Action 1. Which will reach the
ground first?
Answer: Both hit the ground at the same
time.
Acceleration
in a Vacuum
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of
Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
❏ Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion
of Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law
of Inertia
5. Difference Between Galileo’s
Assertion of Frictionless Motion
and Newton’s Law of Inertia
5. Difference Between Galileo’s
Assertion of Frictionless Motion
and Newton’s Law of Inertia
Galileo’s Assertion: If friction were absent,
a rolling ball would continue to move with
constant velocity, unless a push or pull
compels it to change state.
5. Difference Between Galileo’s
Assertion of Frictionless Motion
and Newton’s Law of Inertia
Newton’s Law on Inertia: A body remains
at rest or moves in straight line of constant
velocity if no external forces act on it.
What is the difference between the
two ideas?
5. Difference Between Galileo’s
Assertion of Frictionless Motion
and Newton’s Law of Inertia
It is the terminology used by the two
scientists. Galileo used the terms push or
pull; Newton made use of the term force.
Summary
● Aristotelian and Galilean Concept of Motion
❏ Nature of Motion
❏ Vertical Motion
❏ Horizontal Motion
❏ Projectile Motion
❏ Acceleration in a Vacuum
● Difference Between Galileo’s Assertion of
Frictionless Motion and Newton’s Law of
Inertia
