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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
125 views104 pagesPhysics Record Class 12
Uploaded by
reslie84clementCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
CONTENTS
Class
Name of the Experiment
DETERMINE THE RESisTiVITY OF Two/
THREE WIRFS BY PLOTTING A GRAPH FOR
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES VERSUS CURRENT
TO FIND THE RESISTANCE OF A Given) Wdweel
STANDARD RESISTOR USING METFR BRINGE!
loolgol To VERIFY THE JAWS OF COMBINATION
S) OF RESISTANCES USING METER
BRIDGE
29]6[o4 TO FIND THE FREQUENCY DF Ac MPIn)
24
WITH A SpNomeTeR #
MIRROR USING A CONVEX LENS
_13/3Jo21 TO FIND THE FOCA) LENGTH OF CONVEX
LENS BY PLOTTING @RAPH BETWEEN U
lac | W
pnp v_@A) Vu_pnp Yu
ct
lel TO DETERMINE THE ANGE oF MINIMUM
IPEVIATION FOR A GIVEN PRISM Ry
52 | Ww
PLOTTING GRAPH BETIOFEN ANGIE OF
, INCIDENT AND DEVIATION Date
CONTENTS
Class
Name of the Experiment
oo
Page | Teacher's
Initial
14 92a,
To pRAW T-V CHPRACTERISTICS CURVE
FOR A P-N TUNCTIDN DIODE IN epRwrR |
521 We
Ea
PND REVERSE BP).
ACT TTY
1. |chojo2] ASSEMBLING A HOUSEHOLD CIRCUIT 67
ASSEMBLING PD GiveEN El ecTRICPL CiRCUITIAS
lifiofoal CORRECTING THE LIRONG WIRE
A. behold THEN TIEICATION OF ELECTRICAL COM Pon eal
5- {aqua
REFRACTION PND 1ATERAL DEVIATION
iDS™
OF 11g HT
To STUDY THE NATURE AND Size OF
104
Xe
a
a4 [Ov |
we
Ww
Na
THE TMAGE j dhe gxaph belwaen V and
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
ty) Ie
8B Rh
2
A)
= R
- :
we)
B- Battery , Rh >Rhoostat , A> Ammetex,
V— Veltmetex , R Unknown seststance coh,
s
MODEL GRAPH :
CGumsent TCA)
In AABC, han = AT
cot R= 0: SG
? Or!
r Co
\w)
08-06 22, To DETERMINE RESISTIVITY OF Two/ THREE WIRES BY |
Exp. No.:4, PLOTTING A GRAPH FOR POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE VERSUS CUgRE
-NT
on PA
_Jo 772) _susistance pea cm of a given
fee t ss betveon potential
eee ond cauixaxntent: tae
i [aceararus REQUIRED :
|, Battery — tatoo _Amynstea.Velimatos
pees —Rheertat_ Unknown sf stance Ceoth)
ee lcmnecting otuer |
ae pope eee Some tauemae!
eae oes oe =
| ie
woe ——} Resistance pet cm = Roe
|
or Widens,
|, R= sesistange Cain Ohms)
Vi volierge én vols) TABULAR _COLUMNIOF WIRE 4:
js
T
ON Voltmeter Ammetex Unknown stesista
oO -nce
naading cv) reading cA) Row GG)
I
4 On Or 2
2 OA os &-6
5. | 0.6 + &5 a4 |
T
cl O'8 O53 A-&
a Lou cual O:s eo
Rican 2 Oo 482.
=e -
(. No Mest trata scale xeaching | HerYEt | Corrected
basal No. of oPrewoa] Valet hei reid
mM) scale clivititon Cea) leastcount| Cory) |
Cmrmnyen) crm) Crm) a
1 Oo Ar 0-42 Oe 0.49
2 6 4e 0.42 O42 0-49
Sao Ae 0-42 O-ge | 0-44 |
Theooutra) roleutotion Graphta) calototion
P> RA =~ 2-¥ 3th x ONG PoR A, = 2-6 314K 0-49
ae nem oe
a = 0-643 .12m!'
A= 0-49 ayn 3
> 0 693 acm!
ae
4 ©
4. Make neat clean_and hight, eonestiong
eee jsenang tothe cfstciitt dfa gram
penal uae Adjush Jo i a the + shensta |
an jus that a _measustalele cusseant posses _
sweet thstough the eststance_coftf ot fhe
— j teateautice aa ele ener ties uae uO
|S. oo
————}—-—- ——___—_ = a
6. €fnd . es R Leetng Pen OBSERVATION .
1) Range
of the given Ammetex
= 0-Ss00mMA
D)Range | the given Volimetex = 0- Sv
SB) koast Count of the given Amrmnetea = 10mA
AD koa count Of the gtven voltmeter = ol
5) LEHO QAKON Of cthe gevan Ammeter = 0A
6) LeAo LAAOX of the gtven Volimetea = oV
F) Leno consectton Of the given Ammeter = oA
8) Xo H0 corrtveetion of Ane géven Vottmetes = OV
cE
TABULAR COLUMN OF wIRE 2;
S-No | Volemeten xeadhng® wreadcng CA) eee i
[. Os ols 3-3
2- oO 0-2 RES
3- Ve) 0.3 a. |
a LG ode ||
Is-nlo|dreax [Crrteuton scale Xeadng | Observed =
Scate | Now of croulax| Value " So
geading |Scale diviston|en x least eis Crm) =
cron Cram) Cn) | Count )Cmm) ahd . :
a? A2 0-42 o-4e |o49 7
3
2 Ae O- 4e | o-42 | 0-49
3 Tt -— |
° Az 0 &e Ohe | 0:49 -- cere ane ae eure geen euve as
a —— neste anna
Se ue o
i Yo i
RESULT. po
wd. Resretance of the wire, = & 26 -2 were d=s4,
+, 2 Resstance_of the whore, Cusing graph) =&-6-2
i. 8. Resisbbity per o% Lhe wire = 0-645 cm 7 lute
ee we Reststan nnn 2 Cus?ng g2taph) = ase Theostetical calcutatén fort ww s2
f= RAA = BAK DIGY 249 = 006876 2em"'
nS [aye
Gx phical Calcutatron
Pe RAA = 351K 0-18845 = 0666)5 9 Gm
a 1
SAMPLE CALCULATION:
Ve Olv
tT. O19 4
CC] Ol op
0-2 =
Wie sd
Mean sesstane = OF OBE + O26 40+-BO+ 0-28
5
= Or26 Mim
Retstane of the wie pax om us Png gap
=R/p = Bb
Ww ie
Mazen seststanuw = 083 40:35+ 0-964+0°35
aes
= Os pcm 7
Rex’ stance of wie pex om wing 7a ph
=Rfr 72-30 sense | PRECAUTIONS: oe
known resistor,
A UA | , ko Key. ®
5-06.22, TO FIND RESISTANCE OF A GIVEN WwiRE/STANDARD —
[Link]. RESISTOR USING METER BRIDGE
Vso pind the wetsbanee oh a gfven ust foc
Fa untag meter boutdge and hence determine
ithe Apecttre rex stance pf tre matextal.
——-RORMULA > aaa a
x= AR Cohms)
| 100 = £. oa eee
oe Sresegeseenes ee eee ee
eee = UNKnownstesefance Cn ae
_._| ees _Aength Cain x 107 3m)
R = RnownKesstana Cin ohms) TABULAR COLUMN:
| Unkn duu}
| Resistance Balane'ng Balanch a
S-No\un the faongth Length ras ittann
| box aa 2 i
a Ci00- £)x10°m| X = AR Cohms)
Ca) fini 10" ” 400-2
d ' as 2S Ey
2 2 60 AO { 5
src Aa nderes-Seeineeen eseee-aaeeeieee eee) Sais
4 4 ay 66 : 3st _
Xmean ~ Z:0fS
zp ~5 wer tS
L-C=0:0tmm
Connect seacking 3 |
PSR HSC
SNo oe odn | cae) [D> Lese+Ctisc szobelxiom) | —
4 oO Ae | 0404 544) ¥ ovo =O: ‘50 te
| 2 ° ot C4745) %O-0) =Os2 | |
2
=_O°S' X10 om | @
[ spencpe atten, of Sha maton He _
gtv.2n. wits2 = xD? FG ea EEE EE Ey
| eo pa
a ae D_-> diameter of es uofste Can om) —
Le Lon gth pp thre given weésce Cin mi) = 4m,
IF :
| PROcEDURE: : PEA
4. dnclude Acme xestctance inthe sestetance,
os ere Jae 7 = B pee
a eee ee eee og th Ahouwsn the
“ciate tito qota.m Po02.8 the Ke ot the
Sands of tha meter bouldge. 4 tae dab tection
Lasve_tn tne _appostte _déxectfon; then the
___esnnections _ar7e_cosiste cb Saeco
___ 3. Move the gockey fxom the Left ond
Land observe the pont of xoslo. de gle cotton _
iin — the. eee
A. Measuste the Blaahi: ingin es as “2
justng the meter scale attached wlth the |
|
R= 12
A= +o x10. 7m
~ 3 0F TL
mean _
Jo fend spectpre MBestance
X mean *S0tS 2 1a ee The experctient iy edu
Sueno _diygesunt ouststances inthe Rnown resistance
_ box and merasuse the balancing Lungth tu
[Link]: | cane
le. WEth. Lhe ey Oh AC OL oo
i dvametest of tae ore at Leark two places on
pes pastel = i
&)
1. he. ee cock f28:03¢ ohms
Q. Fho spat fe aaatstance &% dhe matesutal
Qe. fi _weye bx10 ohm. m. iQ Null potnt should be bought betwee 4scm
oe Og Gee ero.
ESOURGESS2Obs! > PROG curses
od. She fnstsument éexevos— may he Lost. CIRCUILT DIAGRAM.
1020 30 40 so%bo
Di Tite bebe be De Loe
8
2 2 100-4
a
Ceut k
E — feclanche cell (om) danfel cette , J—> Jockey,
G > Galvanometen , R—> Known Hezlslor,
HW, and % > ae a a Ka Key. @
2.06-22, To. VERIFY THE LAWS oF COMBINATIONS C SERIES)
USING METER BRIDGE.
7 | __Metext_beutdge, declanche cell, Galvanometer,
EEE l@esttance bow, Tockey Mian susiskance cotls,
t Com necking uoPstes 2
EORMULD:
e | as AR oe
Croo- 4)
fh Rog = CA, + Ag) 0 aS HestHite
RS Rnown ptemetance Cin ohms)
4 A > b cing Length Cin X10 2m)
ty, He unknown xeristance Cin ehms) TABULATION:
N9\ _ tren) M2an
Rength |" oo-4 nesistan
c-2)
Resistance! g,
cott
Sy
a) only
7g only 1 B Make the conectfors as Ahown fh. the
ae | efeteuuct. diagram. _PArss the fockoy of the
_ ends. oh the ee ee gel
ole nthe opposite dkaeetion, then the.
1B. Maeasuse the balancing length a he
jusing the meter Acale attached with the
ee Svea Ee
(6. Ustng pormuta calarrlate 4,. in
>
ro
Ic
= PR tp Sass |
CALCULATION FOR vERIFICATION OF LAWS :
Exparimental value of As =2IS 2
Sheoreticat vale of ts = Amean * "mean
=
Difference Cif an Sho S oon oe
To find gpeerfic stesistance
sf Be S- OFS
* mean —
SL ALTA iS |
D=0-s1xlo ™ {
eee om = im 4
= *03 [Link])- 6yfo' 2
AL fae & + Repeat tae supisucinont toy including
_anethex tesi'stance tn the known sesfstance
- Som and measune Lhe folanating. io
peau) p: end Aa spat Atos Bae ise fos
{43 Do_ pend the reatctance ef this comnbfratfon
——isupeah steps 274, See St
| 44 Jaxee mean. oh, above bao stesulEs and
_ wecord tt 4 2xposuimentol yale. Se
_ expertcmental and theoret(cal valires of Rs
sane. same hence the Law of stes’sfances
a a a a 4. the emnecttons Aheuld be noat, dean
land gt
A. Move the fockey gently © ovrn._the Sia
wire and olo_net stb Lt. a
(SOURCES OF ERROR: = a
4. the énatoucment Actes may be Qoose
a. the vote may Prove untjoum Cobines |
| DIA GRAM:
|
220V
3tep- down
| S transformer
Hook
™ A
° Sonomeke Slotted
vonights 206-22. TO FIND THE. [Link] AC MAINS
[Link] WITH A__SONOMETER ee
| ALM: a i
Jo. Atexonibs the Jaequencis 2h altexnating
—duxxent using o Aoometex and an :
| £lectxomagnet.——_________.
|
A domomete_votth. ee fae Yost
_latmitched aver ft, an alectomagnet a
—_— 4kep= down _tuonspormen , slotted 1/2 ka
— Watghts hanger,.two. sharp. 2dge wedges
—-and 6 _werght kox , conne chthe _voixea.____
oct oo gt en Lie
n
Sede (ioe Geo aee)
ez eae Se
| Fhe proqunag” of ac mains - la Cain Hz) SAMPLE CALCULATIONS :
L = 2:0936 10° ?m
m= Valetikg
Ty mg = 12-257 y q.g
[22:5 py)
= 192° kg ]m?
"
H = O25 40° Fp
= Mad pr a Length Ckg Im)
2
Pt
| = O04 x10" “keg |
| The Arequeneg of given slectromagnet Cn)
elit AT
aim ot
> DF ble He
the frequency of ac macns = 0
2
| ie = BB vz
L | Lwhere, ae
[a = Resonating. Legh op tha. ae in 168
» T+ danston fn the. volte Cin N= mg-C where
gd m)s*)
| dant = Masa pet unit tangth Ckgm) fot
_ tm __=_shotted mags th.
eee = Density a of the _gfv.2n votre Cth kg [m3
At tadfus_of the gfven vate Cain 40m)
(eae | peace ous : a
——__ 4 Set ip ithe ae —cund igbororch
Khe lofae AB hy taste a Load of */2 kq—
angen
oo. the ee Ssfand
Nand operon AS to tho cerendany oh oo
fe ae ee ee
_-. AUch. that ft ore pote Lies close 40 the —
_mtddle of the Aomoemeter vocrte.
B- Swttch on cthe altexnattng. cust tont
Aupply ee the Length of vibrating TABULAR COLUMN :
forget Go| hengen LE Cin SAT)
ckg) TENS 1 ip Am ee _
On Bis, 0:902x\0°2
43 0-4 22x10?
52 SO 0.9146 x10
0 02. 054150% 10"
ih :
Mean tT > 0.093810 "(in IN)
E
Lec = 0:0lmm Ge * ge
tee Gxxected roaclér
Catv) [D> LPSR CHSC 120) Le} x10"
Ig-No | PSRX 102m
4S
O4+4545%0-0) = 0:50
=0's3
2 ° O+44.45% 010)
3
Moan dtameter ee 8 esters
Mean jtadiis OOF DB = 285.940"
3
m ==
suas _ poncon AB. i aedeng. the Saad ge. _p
Ups Moke the adjustment ntl tire —
Jamphitude ef. the ee Absung AS
/masulnam., #pebetosooppstsniseeeetosoossstssseieeefoococn =
CG Measuste t12 ae ee a
_ the ens fon in. the Atscéng. -
8+ Smestease aed eee of t/a kg
~— and 2ach tlme tad nn
QW Frequeneg” & Ac marns = 58° Hextz = _ SOURCES oF Ba aaa ee
| 4 Pulley ray. _not be _putctionless -
a. wags, gy not be connect. — : é oh CONVEX LENS -o#22, TO_FIND THE FocAL LENGTH OF A CON VEX MIRROR —
pea ee USING AONE eR
__-_. —lo_find the focal Length ofa _9fven convex —
_.mést2ex_ustng.[Link] tens. oe
t. US _| ULR| iaanssuinl
Games [Eee oa01 tT a ier
en Enate d cotta _qchige CUcglht soo), white
Acxeon_, metwe cole , minxor stand —
-eogedunas =
Focal Len gth ofthe 9 gtven em vex_mianort,
Pe R cn to?)
Saaae | 7 Ri aaaueeueniauuuuauuuuuuumuneluuuuulttl : :
R > B-A = stadfus ef. custvatuxe of the ae
eeaaeaa tom ver mtototax_Ct0-?m)__ een
B= pt Of the dcween fxom soustee C1o?m)
A_=_posPHon ie mitwox fom Apiusice C16 %m)_ cunvature
R=G-ACIo“m)
| £
£2 Rmean -_18-\__ x om
2
SAMPLE ChLcu LATION °
1
Fon A= &o xlo Mm)
B=58-5 xCio ?m)
ee ees pe
Rmean ~ RitRs + RMiey tke = S82.
x J0°"m
a + Bess
+38. =
4
10-7 (2
|, RRocepuge: eee
4. Image cannot Le soxmed on the screen
te £0. comverminscox fr xegulan method.
- 80 follow. .tndifrect method in wating con y2e
1 Aans_to_houtng frnage nthe Acseen
1d. Keep cover tens between onvex miro
and Light Lox.
ae 3. Boifng convex Aens_and mistatox stand close
_——. to_Light Srp _to_get Finage onthe Lafat sas
Asox- zs ice
A AL this situation sucosd olostance between
—. Aight tox _and mistso%t as As—
6. Now remove misao Afand som the
—. Rup. ftnd the clear .fmage using tho convex
[Link] the screen at that posttton.
6 Record déstance Between Light box and.
ACHOOM ab.B. 8: Repeal the - Zame 2 by autctusbing « CON v.2 x
_..Auns_ position tt OS cme
ft 1 Le
Oo RBM
Fhe focal .
ene CONV LH us pound AD _Ipe 38-6 X1D “am
athe alien. con. ve 4 _ mn Lrro . PRECAUTION S.:
sa Sie id aaah Sra be
Lpteed ve mbreat Aaa eee
| Othe _umvex—minsiont should be jalaced close.
ito tie renege fone
_. SOURCE OF ERROR! Bee
d_Focal Length slene ayn net be smatt ®
04-22. To FIND THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A_CONVEX> LENS _
[Link]-b. BY PLOTTING GRAPH BETWEEN _U-AND v_(oR) Yu 2 Vv
tT a sl
Jo _4itnd the focal _tungth 9 a_gfven
Leon vex Lens dy Rating a_giaph— between)
pond ee
______ APPARATUS REQUIRED +
ee | Cemvene fons fens Hind, {Dum inated vobte
gay Ct tat ana aba —
— FORMULA:
fe uy Cin 103m)
Ut - ae
aha,
f2 focal Longth eh ae Lona Cin. 16m)
U > object distance Cin 40m)
: yon Liat, a 2) objact Imag pe
adestanc Cu) | drxtance Cv) | p= Uy fn som
. Rigear = ocSaaB in
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS :
POH as Beeb. Us 90. te |
Woe Oe |
Pete a by 04. 4G xan ty
UAV? Ce) +C a4 dD
fimean = Cfnt fattest fy tle =) aa x10" ’m _ PROCEDURE: eee
_-4. Find the seough. deol tengo Oh given.
conven Lens Using olivtant— object method. 2n
— focusing .a Attant oljeck Jy Aoeping thre _.
_deneen Setind the Long. dhe Aitsfance between
_ the scons. and -£he ens. woith—stand -glves
~ [eu focal Length Say Spi x 10" 2m. :
2. Heuer, tne lene on. He Sond ae
_ 2 dens) values az &f-4, 2P-2 ap, APtay
Lape y a
_ A Record Vv values Cd rstance befwern Lens
—.and. Acer) fOA the same
_S- Bubstel aa and v voties inf /
porto get focal Length in zack case. (a9)
= Rewer foal sent
eee ete eh lee i 7
|
1 Saeaueeneeneeuneee
eee Sanerarevenneet
| 4
EEE See
i =
The hocal Regt 4 givan Convex fens Lt
__cahowtated Os.
1) Prom tabutatton 4:@ xi0’m
yd fo1om ae method 2o x 1p “in | SOURCES OF ERROR:
4. Dhe upeutghts may oot be eal
placed (Lens).
2. Parallax semovel may mot te partpect._
PRECAUTIONS :
2. Aveta Pp pee 7 | RAY DIAGRAM * -
PHS , | _ To PETERMINE ANGLE OF MINIMUM. pevIATLON FoR~
Fros-a2..A GIVEN PRISM BY PLOTTING A GRAPH BETWEEN
[Link]# ANGLE OF INCIDENCE. AND ANGLE OF DEVIATION .
AIM: -
do_oetesmthe the cnge of mentum
_ deviation fox a gtven glass pre m by plotting
(a gtaph sretween angle of fnrcidence ond the
2 lan deviabron. ace Oe ee ae ee
uae _ glass pauism.,_geometoiy bore
“outline eg a _afven lass prism
iant 5 Aamopter. MODEL GRAPH 4
r§
Angle of deviatton
Ange e £Lnacbence —> —.--3. Mawk the angle of énatdence on the
, JZamople_as 3s", 40, 46°, 50", 55° seperately.
4. Phace on Aw0 of fico pins on the tnafdence
“Meg and place paésm onthe Aameple-
__}}-&- “Fun the ame ngemt. day try placing
4 office. patns. on. the cthex Aide.
= | 6. Pind fhe anc een the 2xtens fim
= Of Ener dence tay. wren as
—_—. deviation fox eves sam ple
___|| 4. Sven rhe qPaph tating ZC on X-aotis
land 2 cn paces ancl mask im
» 4. Gnaph Lnovcates 20 enerteases , 2
——.decneaser.a.__m- ond then sfastts tnexeascng
4or gurthen ancdnare 2
a fae % Do = 378 | Fhe. pins must Ae plored vVesctteal.
—}SDURCE OF ERAD@ >
| 4. Panatlax ain measusutng the angtes.
i
she Voted ipa Qe yay
|| e2. Pts mauy. ciRcuIT D/PGRAM
Ve Volkmoten
A = mthhrommeten
Rh = Rheostat. {5
ey
t.09. 2% TO DRAW I-V_ CHARACTERISTICS CURVE FOR A_
Exp-No-3.. P= Junction DIODE TN FORWARD AND REVERSE BIAS
AN sais
tio dtu the T-v / chadastentstie errs
and xaverxse
PN. Junetton dtode in porwartd bias... ee
_|APPARATUS REQUIRED:
aa PN diteds oe |
sea _ Battery and connactfig _ wore
FORMULA:
_ Static sceaistance CRs) = Nv Cen:
Dynam fe ae ee L Cen
I
_, Where,
Ve = Vottage actos gtven PN ae Cin alba
= Curcorent thscough gv2n Pry citode ¢ an
angen Lab
TABULAR COLUMN |
Reverse biag |Revense
UL
S-nlo| bras vottage| ens
CAD
12
O°
&
6 snow LP diagr
4. Connect .the efacuit as
&. Sowly Lnerease the voltage of the battexy.
|, 3+ Record the voltmetet and ammeter
wxeadking acatoss the. PN dfode .
A, Phot graph Letween V and Tr.
Slakic sesretance of the givan diode = Rs = ese
Dynamic restsbance’ of gtvan oiode - Rd -%as-2
ee a 4. AL connectfons. ere neak,. ae ‘and
saaseteneseonalh “High volkage Cee eee a
SOURCES _OF ERROR i 7
4d. He functor. d£fode supplied. .ocLy Le DIAGRAM:
Bulb Cin ee 0-40-22) eae —ASSEMBLIN 6___A_ HOUSEHOLD CIRCUIT.
OBTECT. Jo assombke a. hous thold edteuatt ,
_AbpaRATUS: Thee Luts C20, SDL) 2 100W)., Shree
ene CL. off) _dvottchos, flo xtte amneckirg
oe Wate sovth ted gad. black plastic covert
ae a purse vot opin} Eee
eke é fi ra
_agory:. Household ovtenutt unctfons on main
Ao 2 it
= ——Op-sA_for_clomestic supply for nosemal
oo _applianas , bulbs fluorescent tubes , fans,
ake.
. Power Supply: ISA-fox koavy Load appliances ,
rejouigenator , atx condtttonen, geusert = ee a Be ee
| “Jota. _poLwuat ase ‘P! ak any Aime,
= fey ee ee ee
= ES oleate oe 7. docu hey
pf cern I OE rrr
LAt ow. potential Vv" dhe cunsent T drawn fo
_ Ane matns ts_ : a
| wa Re VE Cred Tap a
se [asauae, pes a Little higher rating ,40
dstawn are comnected fn Avgntes cofth Set of
arenes, SS
: ae ae an heusehotd cfocouits , oa
-—. .appdfances._aro_corinected in PARALLEL with.a
supfich connected in sartes cotth each
appliance in supply” Live Lene @
_jisdLco oe oe “a _aurtabla vale
-.MAINS FUSE is csnnected in _sextes cotth supply
_ 4euxnce. Note that_ fuse 4s. a safety ovicr, Never
i: _ Use a_fusa of much. higher ating than the
ene eeccee
(PROCEDURE a
1) Connect..one- pd of the bulb Dolor doxed
» fle rete utste_thsiough a_swetch £ ip asgottes _
oe ceed the heat ee gh te leh tae
(the black flea wine
a i =
a _ in porotlel, ed ult ends at one_potnt and
| the slack iste endothe otha pote.
|
:
|___ itt) Joke _duso_long _flerctbete iviries to serve os
Atod wire, oo wire % [Link] the other 4
stack. - - =
iv) Connect the sed. ustre end to the xed wire
d,, TE wilt serve as a Ave Read. | OBSERVATION :
Fhe
ete bulbs ylow when xzhe Aw0¢etch & Madson
stops glowing whan Ahe switcher ore put ob : ™ aa the Jolack uwilste 2nds fo stack wir.
eg le os lel Ree
LVD Put the fuse wire Fin Live Dead by
the two. Leads,
| : “WOtennect_a a _ pat Finplag) DP a ta ak
VUE) Srsesk the plug 62 £wo..pin i Sockat_ provided
[ din tne ee ee
— uppe% pin fein upper shots of the socket
| _1o-}0-22. ASSEMBLING A__GIVEN FLECTRICAL Ct RCVIT
— \ OBTect : To casemble Lhe components _ep.0 9 tven.
jp, tlecbufcal etmcutt C soy hms Law céatcutt).
___, APPaRATUs: A_vottmetex and an ammeter of —
_— auppatopsutate sounge ,.a_forttesuy ,ostheostat , efe.
pp way. Rey, an unknown scsfstance coth_, connecting
wlrtes , a place of gand popes. __
| €
|| PROCEDURE :
7
|, : pen
— He ee
| 1) fox _measustng cuntent ammetes should
i ( ene in kk :
= uD fot _measuting potential drop, vettmetex — :
| should Le [Link] perallel wotth the
os Tpit etl a8 et i : . : a
_ CONCLI
WON Asami jo in compan la =
4 : Components not om in proper order _ p40 22 CORRECTING, THE WRONG CIRCUIT...
_ OBJECT: Jo daw a jaar fh agiven open.
: hese composting Least of a battery, esis
[ as _Vvolimetex . Maxk
that ore netomnected £0 _
-prtopen ostdex and corrtstect the cfxcuct ond also
—.the adtautt dvagram.
= apparatus: A vattmetex Shd_an ammeter oh =
oe R ist x
_--stesistance coth, connecting wines ptece ef sand
—_____ | THEORY. — a ——
a) Funchfonal slectati’e er’sccuu’b = Acincuntl cn
. functtonal only When all the components of -
the nuit are connected tn proper oxder,
orsuming that alk cixcuit components axe in
wordang eondit'on~and Kei ts closed Rhoortat
- stance cott
ay Reatsranes cot U
| 4
| tg |
il
— : -
.b) Open sleedaical cctcuct: An opan of xcutt means
Lthatl thee ta beak én Aome part of the
| cfrcut. the freak may be deliberate such as
oy Us in open posttion ox three i a fost
uch ols Lrovoken wwobte Ox busnt ox Loose
Wate ee ee
| 1) Pxaw the open. ecacrutt ae incopy.
i ID Woutte varfous esmporents and Merk those —
jahuteh are not _emnected in prtopex Orde.
l ii .
|
the corrected cfsterutt da now. cttmnal.
lf fun
i
the _comne efter ascombled. watng compan
ip proper oxder ts found functional on
| Checking. DRIAGRAM
Rings
A) Carbon noy'stor
000 HF
ao
glectroly tre
6) capaci.» a ae cee a —
‘(A-40-22.,. IDENTIELCATION DF ELECTRICAL COMPONENT _
_ ALM: Sa eee eee :
_ 4) Jo._utdantrfy a _adtode an LED a bansiston,
_ an Ie, a steststoxn and ot capacitor $xom a
umined cetlection uch —Ltems. eee
APPARATUS:
_____-} Muthiouetes, Batts abit atae. scaesting.
Key above mixed cxtlfcbton of tems ge
THEORY:
Fon tdentiprea tan, Appzaxance ancl. usorking
0h Lach time wilt Mave to Le constolexcod —
DA diode tsa Amo texmaénal device. dt __
A _-—.comdurcts when poswovtd Anased and does nat
bo amcluck wohen severse Atased tt cloes not
———lemct Loh b—tohite conducting as
€)
1D A LED Chight amitting diode) % alsoa two
_ dexminal devite . 4€ also conducts wohen porword
Veased and does not conduct when ouvertse
_dtosed . $e emits Leght while conducting.
ND A transistor & a thee fexminal deveco.
ithe Lenminals [Link]), base cB)
wand. coltectexCc)
IW) Ante. Céntegratet cfrtett) 2 omit =
tesemenal devite ein _pbecm_ of) ck’.
ae a
e fee
umdurcts when etter forwoaxd Prtsed O22
—-.2ayerne Sotosed Cin fact thor f& no forword
0A rave tse _fofos pox co _scesittor SE cond urchs_
sven when operated with 4c vottage
vt) A capacttoxr & alio a Aww0 fexmehal cevite
St does not ct when 2éthex foscwaxd
Jrfosed. yuovenrst Diared CHenc st doos not
eonduc with Q:c voltage). Hovuever vl conduc j=
2 ‘with, A-e Topilage ee
PROCEDURE : aie oo
: D6 the tem had fotos eye
— Lod bas nom ofa chip, role Eat Oa
| ee rrrr—”—CC
t WIN 4 the ttem has thos terminals ft ba
| Cqdbsiet te ee =
it) 4h the £[Link].two_termenals > tty.
_ him inafor,ravercsing key, the Chem and the
ae muttimetex vofth ange sek vin ma itltam pe res -
woth the movement ppefiee muttimeter
SIO SSS
1) 4h.-porntex moves elen voltage is applied
wn One Way dow not Move. When
sevensed and thee % no Light omasin, | OBSERVATIONS:
BS ERVATIONS
|
No. Of | Numbex of Lega
obs |
iMoou than %
Num vesihyy leqs
Joxtans( st0se
Untdfxectfon
no Wg
ine Lei
Both eT ons
2 Cstead
“Bi
Tritratly high bat
Ss ldways to Beso
7 amis
Capa cf tot lea a ditode je those 3 me eee
—.-fonal dao ep cusstent and emits Leght- is
- ns polties neue utes vs —f_appleed
——+.Hp_snt_uaay_cand_dloes Not move when severed _
and. Ahone ps8 t a
_ | teD of -euthene A untdtrectional tow of
—,aurent and epnits Aggie
fe — 1) _potntex show sult scale cleflectt(on arnd.
a docays to xoxo when vetkage t cppired to | DIAGRAM:
ze Corgatort SS
Tousm olen
|
| \ |
| Gapnan i Polastized Wight { » |
Seth atitt LI Lott |
| t Tht | a Y |
| | | |Ceorallel |
| : Af FAS OP
| on 7 ! and
@ Analyie
Un polent sed Polaniced Light \
lrght
tue Tet No Light
HEE HH
| Fig 50) 4% polorotd P2 & placed
plane polartied Light
| Bb) No Ught passes if
oe I,
Cesossed position of
Pi and P, ants op,
1 foanis ¥P,)
)
sa llel ft P, , then the
set through P> alo
Awo polaroids are crossed
i te ants bb Po fs perpendicular to that af P, _opgective: Io otsastve the pelottsarton sb Sgt
—ueting— Auop_polaaniids,
_ | APPARATUS: Juwo_pelartotd preces. a source of Light
—t pans con. 2heckotic Sub, sunlight)
“THEORY: 34 ano tc MW o tia
_ the path of the plane tpolantced Legit so thot
the —tua_polaratptects aren cxoss qositan
+2. esas
_, parpemdtoutan to. zach othe) then no Leght
——, wil_come out of the second _potanatd ptece .—
—_— Ay_the ones of the two polastotds are parallel
—.At0_2acdh_ethex then the polarised Light patoduc
iy the first _polarotd able to pass thorough
—athe s0ovcond polartotd. the Aecond polartetd P.-
—,t catlecl analyser and the erst polaxo cd
uP, t% called polarise x — OBSERVATION:
#
| 1) dn one posttton LFr9-coy] when the anti of
wo polostotds P, and A oste paralle? #0 gach
othex, the bulb & seen
maximum bought.
1) In anothex positron Creg C6) ] whan the coeds
of Prlarotd Pp & perpandiatar to ee
P, , no Right U seen eal Dgake the polooto tel jorece Py and toa Taeasla
| the ALeghted full fn your scoom though tk.
| Yeu exe able vin sea othe. Utghted Luts ott
ae —— deceased entenathy See ecea ce
ho. Now tOkce lien _ntioase potostord prece P, and
_ PUb ft over the pert _polatotd P, and now
_ dook. ot the Lighted bulb thorough the csmbtiea,
| __. Bystem_and 2retate one _polarord oth stospect __
ee other ond obsahive whet Joppens =
| ____ CONCLUSION
The obove activity shows that pelarotd
produce plane Cox Line asky polarised tg hp -—
as se this _petanised Light dos not pass thougla—
|__.anethex polonofd rohen tts is placed esossed
po otth Cie. ak Go) plas poke? to. the. operat :
jPotanotd A then sift made by using two, xaxox
blades, Llack paper and gf plate ——— so —=
SIEFRACTION OF f1Gier
QBTECT: Jo obss%ve chiffraction of Leght clue to
a thin slit between shoxp edges of sta zor
fetes SS
APPARATUS: Microscope sides C20), two aZ0%
Aetades, adhesive taper, a_scateen anol source
~ sme ochaomokie- Aig Clase pecil) Black.
pe eee
°, * i
: fene openings on axound. Ahasp obstacles
—_—. { _epentng ex shampness_of edges 4 » the
onde nop w aveleng th of Aight wt bends
-axound corners. Bencling of Leght around —
sharp obstacles ox corners i& termed ous
_. dcpforactton. the angle of ch'ppomctton pox
UHasant orders C of Atpfraction t& given a9
.PRoceDuRE:
_.. ) Making of ene alct using razor blades _
ii) Phace two stazox blades with thecr sharp
_.2dgesr facing gach sthex and rxtremely close
_. do_zach other such that there ts _Amall gap _
_ 4 6h-sthe ondert of _forackfon of méti’nrctex —__
un) Paste the dslades ust'ng cello Lape.
_feaving no gap Letween paper and glass plate.
~ W) Get the amoll Alt th tetween the
sharp adges of tlaces. a
_V) Phace tthe suit _ ee osm — cr
__.wall_and a sAceusce of feght with a slit —_
| _____.in_fxomt of ft at a _drstance ef about 20cm
4Anom the slit-
|. v1) Cbseave the Leght 4alleng onthe wall
[| ___._yat) £ wid be otaerved that éastead of
a having a__4ecight slit ke Leght on tne —-
: weal, tng tay ght spreads and on 2ithen site
of Alit
