Racial Origins

Next division of the surviving Arabs into two ethnic stocks Arabian Arabs (ariba)
abonsinah and the mustaribah the Arabicized Arabs these who made Arabia their name
home and adopted Arabic as their language. The south Arabians were the Arabi Arabia
descendents of Qahtan. One of the sons of Qahtan was Yarab and Arabia is named after
his name. The homeland of Qahtanates was Yemen and Hadramaut.

But even the Medenese who later rushed to the support of the Prophet at the time of
Hijrah were of Yamanite origin one of the tribes of Yemen called Azd conquered Medina
and settled there. Awz and Khazraj were the offshoots of their tribe.

The Mustaribah are the Hijazis Najdis Nabataens and Palmyrenese all descended from
Adnam – an off spring of Ismael –and are naturalized in the end. Hazrat Ismail was son
of Hazrat Ibrahim who also descended from Noah about 4000 years ago Ibrahim was
born in Babel near Mesopotamia. His father Adhar was an idol and heavenly bodies
worshipper and earned livelihood by making images.

Sources Inscriptions Poetry, Wisdom Literature, Genealogies

1. General Geographical Characteristics of Arabia Division into Provinces flora and

fauna position of Hejaz the three cities Mecca, Medina, Taif, Race, differences in
South and North.
2. Bedouins settle people intertribal wars and Tribal based Alam, Shaikh Asabiya.
Jahiliya Age of Ignorance, clan, position of women, religion, pagan, Monotheists,
Jews, Christians, Jewish, Madrasahs were known Bint al-madaris. International
World.
Three inscription Imrul Qays in al Namarah (328, Zabad to Haram Ummal Jimal
 Al-Madina formerly Yathrib
Makkah, Medina (Yathrib), Taif, Nakhlah
Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Indian Ocean

Iabid, Makkha, Jeddah, Sana, Yanba, Madhhiz Ghassanids Petra Damasan, Lakhmids,
Hanifah, Hudhayl, hanifah, Tamim, Bakr, Asad, Tayyi, Hawazin Taghlib Namir Al Rub
al-Khali Hadramawt, Sulaym, Ghatafar Hamdan Murad Aad, Kinnanah, Yanbu, Taghlib,
Himyar, Sulaym, Thaqif, Tayyi, Namir, Banu-Kalb, Arabia disputed among Arab tribes
including Ghassanid allies of Byzentine, Lakhmid allies of Persia, Himyar allies of
Auxumites of Ethiopia and Kindah until 622; subject by the Prophet Muhammad 622-632
and Orthodox Caliphs at (al-Medina) 632-656.

Al Nufud, al-Dabaq, Tigris, Euphrates, al-Kufah founded in 638 Karbala 680 al-Basrah
founded in 638.

Social: Tribal Organization

The Clan: The clan is the basis of Bedouin society. Every tent represents a family; an
encampment of tents forms a hayy. Members of one hayy constitute a clan (qaum). A
number of kindred clans grouped together make a tribe qabilah. All members of the
same clan consider each other as a one blood, submit to the authority of but one chief –
the senior member of the clan and use one battle cry children of “Banu” is the title with
which they prefix their joint name, blood relationship is the family tribal org.

The tent and the individual household contents are individual property, but water,
pasturage and cultivable land are the common property of tribe.

If a member of a clan commits murder inside a clan, none will defend him. In case of an
escape he becomes an outlaw If the murder is outside the clan, a vendetta is established,
and any fellow clan member may have to pay for it with his own life Blood idols for
blood according to primitive law of desert; no chastisement is recognized other than
vengeance. The meant of kind is suppose to assume primary responsibility. A blood feud
may last for forty years as in case of Basus war between Banu Bakr and Banu Taghlibs

In Ayyam al arab these inter-tribal battles emphasis on blood-feud motif, though

undertaking economic reasons must have motivated many of the event. Sometimes a
blood wit diyah is accepted.

Clan kinship based on birth but could be acquired. If a slave is freed he often finds it to
his interest to keep some attachment with the family of his former master, thus becoming
a client (Mawla). A stranger may seek such a relationship and is styled a protégé (dakhil).
Sometime a whole weaker clan might desire the protection of, and ultimately become
absorbed by, a stronger clan or tribe. The Tayyi, Ghatafan, Taghlib, etc were
confederation of north Arabians tribes which figured prominently in History and whose
descendents still survive in Arabic speaking lands.

A stranger could become attached to the service of the sanctuary and then become a client
of the God. To the present day the pilgrims to Makkah are referred as “the Guest of
Allah” and the students connected with the mosque of Makkah or any other great mosque
are called “[His] neighbors” (sing. Mujawir)

The clan is represented by its titular head the Sheikh, a senior member of the tribe,
leadership, soberness, generous, and courageous. Seniority in age and personnel
qualification determines the choice. In matter of financial and military importance he had
to consult other senior members of the tribe. His tenure of the office last during the good
will of his constituency.

But relation between members of various tribes was hostile. The Arabs had not hesitated
to go to any length; even they were ready to sacrifice their lives for the honors and
prestige of the tribe. In the absence of any centralized unity these tribes were always at
conflict with each at the stylish pretext and the war continued for many years.
According to the historians they were divided into two categories namely Arab Baida
(extinct), Arab Ariba (threes who made Arabia their home and adopted Arabic as their
language) and Arab mustarba as settlers.

two ethenic stocks including Thamud both of Quranic fame Arab Baiza descendants of
Laz son of Sam son of Noah, Ad, Thamud Tasn & Jadis belong to this section of Arabs
and the first two have been mentioned in the Quran.

But in course of time these Arabs were destroyed by another family of the children of
Saim, son of Noah. Their family migrated into Arabia settled there and adopted the
language of the land. They are said to have been descendant of Qahtan. One of the sons
of Qahtan was Yarab and Arabia is named after his name. The homeland of the
Qahtanites was Yaman and Hadramout. But later on one of the tribes of this family
called Azd conquered Medina and settled there. Awz and Khazraj were the off shoots of
this tribe. Another tribe called Kheza settled in Mekkah after conquering the city. The
Qahtanites attained great power and ascendency. They were regarded as great conquerors
and builders. At the time of Muhammad the birth they were the most powerful people in
Arabia. Arab Mustariba, one the last settler in Arabia, they were the desert descendants
of Ismail, son of Ibrahim. Ibrahim was also descended from Noah about 4000 years ago.
Ibrahim was born in Babel near Mesopotamia. His father Adhar was idol and heavenly
bodies’ worshipper.

Ibrahim was in search for truth and he did not like the faith of his forefather. He refused
to worship the idols as they could not speak or help themselves in any way. The belief in
one God was the religion of Ibrahim. His father could not tolerate and drove him out.
Ibrahim went to Palestine when Egypt where he was cordially received by the king mad
him presents including a girl named Hajirah. He came back to Palestine no peace of mind
he had no children as wife Sara was barren. So Ibrahim married Hajirah who gave him
son when he named Ismail. When Ismail was about 15 years of age Ibrahim took both of
them to Makka. At Makkah Ismail married a girl named Saids, daughter of Madad of the
tribe of Jushun. Sometimes after the marriage of Ibrahim and Ismail were ordered by God
to rebuild Ka‘bah and the cult the Ka‘bah. The descendants of Ismail known as
Ismailites, who land in Makkan Muhammad (PBUH) direct descendant of Ismail by his
marriage with Saide.

At the time of the advent of Islam and Ismailites Qahtanites were the original inhabitants
of Arabi the Ismailites settled in the north while the Qahtanites in the south.