—_a__¥__ A. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS I. Multiple choice questions Choose the correct answer: 1. In Bryophyllum the vegetative Propagation is by @ roots (ii) stem (iii) leaves (i) branch 2. A flower that has only stamens is called (® unisexual flower (i) bisexual flower (iii) complete flower (iv) neuter flower: 3. A flower having both stamens and carpels is (i bisexual (ii) unisexual (iii) dioecious (iv) syncarpous 4, The offspring produced through which of the following process are no exactly similar to their parents? () parthenogenesis (ii) asexual reproduction (iii) sexual reproduction (iv) dizygotic twins 5. Which of the following plants can be vegetatively propagated by leaf? (i) Bryophyllum and Kalanchoe (ii) Chrysanthemum and Agave (iii) Agave and Kalanchoe (iv) Asparagus and BryophyllumUemODUCTONINORGAMSMS 8 6. The technique of obtaining a large umber of plantlets by tissue culture smethod is called (0 plantet culture (i) organ culture (ii) micropropagation (i) macropropagation 11. Which one group of plants is propagated through underground roots? (i) Bryoplyllum and Kalanchoe (i Pista and Chrysanthemum Gi) Ginger, potato, onion (io) Sweet potato and Asparagus 8, Ascion is grafted toa stock. The ‘quality of fruits produced will be determined by the genotype of (stock (i) scion (i) both stock and seion (neither stock nor scion ng organisms can be unex- distinguished from the non-living things on the basis of their ability for (9 reproduction (1) growth and movement (i) responsiveness to touch () interaction withthe environment Which of the following is not an artificial method of propagation? © grating (i) budding (i layering —_(n) cuttings 1 Asmall piece of tissue taken from the shoot tip during tissue culture is called (callus i clone (ti) auxins (i) explant 12, When a plant bears either male or female reproductive organs itis called () unisexual (i) bisexual (ii) hermaphrodite (iv) monoecious 13. Vegetative propagation in potato cceurs by (0 thizomes (ti) comms io) bulbs (i) tubers 14, Pistia (water lettuce) is an example of the following sub-aerial stems () rumers (i) stolons i offsets Gi) suckers 15. Which of the following statement is true for meiocytes? (Another name for gametes. (ii) Have haploid number of chromosomes. (iti) Have diploic chromosomes. (@v) Present in haploid organisms only. IL Fill in the blanks 1. Life span of a horse is about year. 2, Reproduction in Chlamydomonas by spores is called Ginger reproduces vegetatively by 4, During grafting is generally cof good absorbing capacity and disease resistant variety 5, A plant bearing both male and female flowers is called plant 6 {is the development of fut from an unfertilised flower, resulting in seedless fruit, 17. The specialised cells that are gamete smother cells are also called 8 Antherozoid is another name for 9, As the ovary matures, ovules develop into and zygote into 410, A plant part detached from the plant and used for the plant culture is called In 4 single cell organism reproduces by spliting into two. ‘a technique for producing ‘Benetically identical individuals from a single cell 13, Aperiod ofgrowth fom birth ill organism attains maturity is called. : 2,RE arent MORLR Ry 4 Cyclic changes that occur in females of 9. Aspeciesofbamboo that shows nonprimate mammals called only once in tet eine, generat 50-100 year. a fare haploid individuals that 10, Process of development of embryo ff develop from the unfertilised ova by the zyB0le Parthenogencss, VE. Im the questions given below, then ULL State whether the following are two statements marked s statements are true or false Assertion (A) and Reason (Ry 1. During grating, the stock isa bud or a ‘Read the statements and choose, cuting of a plant with desirable variey. correct option 2. Clones can be produced by sexual __(@) Both assertion (A) and reson (ty 3. Png hop eto Spanien ofsseion ). Fungi Rhizopus explanation of asserion sporangiospores. = (@) Both assertion (A) and reason () 4. Meioeyes as wll as gamete are haploid peri bites tis innature explanation of assertion 5. Inaplan, more deveopsino assed © ASteton(A ite bt ease and zygote into an embryo. is false, Both assertion (A) and reason TV. Match the following oe = Gatama Bb) Assertion (A): Algae and fang! sits asexual method of reproduction befe a (a)_ Offsets the onset of adverse conditions. 2. (6) Comms Reason (R): Asexual reproduction dt 3. (©) Budding to the formation of many clones wit 4 Pseudopodioapores| Some variations. : Le) Zoospores structures such as thizomes, tuber V. Answer the following in one or two corms, bulbs, tar excellent me ols words of aenual reproduction. 1 Arenal reproduction in which a new Reson (8: These ae somes mt individual arises a8 an outgrowth from of propagation ina umber of plans. the parent body. 3. Assertion (A): Leaves of Bylo 2 Type of nom-motie spocsfomed in and Begonia help in vege Penicilum. propaga 4. Tn-arafting, the part that forms the Reason (R): Leaves of these pls desirable variety of frit or ower. possess adventitious buds. 4. Assertion (A): Isogametes are forme! ven fo unorganised mass of 4. A term git in majority of sexually reproducing cells in micropropagation. ‘of formation of gametes, organisms. Amer ha we mophlogily Ren (s Monhtgaly t sae owe = ones. . Hion (A): Unisexual flowet ‘7, Animals that give birth to young ‘cither staminate or pistillate. 7 & The a Reason (R): They are found i! cells during reproduction in Plasmodium, sas well as dioecious pl6, Assertion (A): Organisms that exhibit external fertilisation, produce @ large ‘number of gametes. Reason (R): It helps to increase the chances of syngamy and produce a large numberof ofisprings to ensure survival. 17. assertion (A): Zygote isa link between the two generations. Reason (R): Zygote is « product of two gametes. 8. Assertion (A): Cucurbita is a dioecious plant. Reason (R): Both male and female flowers are present on different plans. 9, Assertion (A): In flowering plants, the _ygot is formed inside the ovale. Reason (R): Zygote is formed by the fusion of male and a female gamete. 10, Assertion (A): In flowering plants, ‘ovary matures into frit and embryo sac into seeds. Reason (R): Ovules contain the seeds which have the next generation, the embryo inside 1. Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below ‘A. Oviparous animals lay eggs outside their body. As aresul, the eggs of these animals are under continuous threat ‘rom various environmental factors. On the other hand, in viviparous animals, the development of the egg takes place inside the body of the female in the uterus. This keeps the embryo safe from the predators. They give birth to the young ones. The fertilisation can be extemal or interna in oviparous animals but is always internal in viviparous animals. 1. The embryos of these animals are comparatively safe from environmental factors. @ viviparous animals ‘() oviparous animals (© egg-laying animals (@ embryonic animals 2. Viviparous animals ae the oes which (@) lay eggs without embryos (©) lay eggs with embryos (©) give birth to young ones (@) keep eggs ina pouch 3. Inoviparous animals the fertilisation is (@) always extemal (©) always imernal (6) can be external or intemal (@ in water 4. Thedevelopmentofembryoin viviparous animals occurs inthe (@) ovary (©) uterus (©) ureter (@) embryo pouch 5, Which statement is true for oviparous animals? (@) eggs are laid in the sand () eggs are laid in the uterus (© nourishment is provided by the mother (@)cags are laid ouside the body B. Higher organisms reproduce by sexual reproduction in spite ofits complexity because the offspring produced have the genetic material of two parents and show variations. These variations help in the survival of species in diverse ‘environmental conditions. Also the variations play an important role in the evolution of a species. Sexual reproduction is a complex process but certain features are common to all organisms. They all undergo sequentially three important phases in life. These are (i) juvenile phase, (i) reproductive phase and (i) ageing leading to death (On the other hand, organisms exhibiting sexual reproduction do not have these ‘phases in life. The individuals formed are genetically identical. Hence the individuals are more susceptible to changes in the environment.1. An\important feature of sexual reproduction is (@) strong individuals (©) new variations in ofsprings (6) juvenile phase leading to death (6) offepringssuscepibleo environment 2. Variations help the evolution ofa species inthe following way (@) offeprings produced are stronger (©) make asexually producing individuals stonger (© species has better chances of survival @ produce different types of asexual organisms 3. The three important phases of sexually producing animals ina sequence are (@) reproductive-jwvenile-ageing (b) juvenle-reproductve-ageing {6) agcing-reproductive-uvenile (@) reproductive-ageing juvenile 4. Following typeof individuals are more susceptible to changes in the environment (@) formed as result of sexual reproduction (©) individuals with more variations (©) genetically diferent individuals ©) formed as a result of asexual reproduction 5. Organisms exhibiting asexual reproduction are (@) genetically identical (©) strong genetically (©) have a reproductive phase (@) haploid . Meiosis is a process of reduetional division in which the amount of genetic ‘material is reduced to half, If the parent body is diploid, the gametes are produced by meiosis. The parent organisms have specialised cells called meiocytes, also called gamete mother cells that undergo the process of meiosis, During meiosis, these cells undergo two successive ‘nuclear and cell divisions with a single cycle of DNA replication, Gametes produced are haploid and contain only (premio ok oFeBsEBIOLOGH ASS ‘one set of chromosomes. Gametogeness isthe proces ofthe formation of gametes, ‘The gametes may be similar looking or may differ markedly as in higher fimals. When the male and female gametes are similar in appearance and annot be distinguished morphologically then they are called homogametes or isogametes. When the gametes are morphologically different, they are termed heterogametes or anisogametes Male gamete is generally small and is called antherozoid or sperm. Female gamete is generally large and is called gg or ovum. . When the gametes are morphologically different, they are called (2) isogametes (b) anisogametes (©) homogametes (@) both (a) and (c) ‘Armale gamete thet differs from a female gamete is (2) bigger than female gamete ©) diploid (©) called antherozoid (@) undergoes DNA replication twice } Meiocytes are the special cells which ae (@) also called gamete mother cells (b) also called gametes (©) haploid (@) also called heterogametes ‘Which of the following statements is ot true of meiosis? (@) cells undergo two successive nuclear divisions (©) the chromosome number is halved () haploids produced have only one st of chromosomes (€) DNA replication occurs twice * The process of formation of gametes called (@) meiogenesis (©) gxmetogenes (©) heterogenetic (€) meioeytes—__ 2+ A. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS 1, Multiple choice questions Choose the correct answer: 1. A flower having many carpels that are free (_ hypogynous (i) perigynous (iii) apocarpous (iv) syncarpous 2, An anther generally has (2 lobes and 2 pollen sacs (id) 2 lobes and 4 pollen sacs (iid) 4 Jobes and 4 pollen sacs (jv) 4 lobes and 2 pollen sacs 3. Each microspore mother cell gives rise to (one microspore (i). two microspores (iii) three microspores (i») four microspores 4. Each microspore develops into (0 one polten grain Gi). two pollen grains (iii) three pollen grains (i) four pollen grains 5. Anemophily refers to pollination by (wind (ii) water (ii) animals (iv) insects 6. When pollen grains of a flower are transferred to the stigma of another flower on the same plant, it is known as () autogamy (i) allogamy (iii) geitonogamy (iv) xenogamy 7. A small pore at one end of ovale , known as (D fanicte (iif) micropyle 8. Anembryo sac has (2 haploid nuclei (i) 4 haploid nuctei (ii) 8 haploid nuc! (i) 4 diploid nuclei 9. The nuclei present in the centre of thy embryo sac are called ( eggnuclei (ii) polar nucle (i) synergids (iv) antipodals 10. Pollination in Vallisneria is by (0 wind (i) animals (iif) insects (iv) water 11. Pollination by bats is known as (© entomophily (ii) chiropterophily (iii) anemophily (iv) omithophily 12. Each pollen tube has (0 one generative nucleus and one tube nucleus (one generative nucleus and two ne nuclei Gi) two generative nuclei and one tue nucleus (iv) two generative nuclei and two tube nuclei i) nucettus (iv) chalazaSELMAN REE RRR RR RRS 13, Endosperm of the seed develops from the (haploid nucleus (i) diploid nucleus (ii) triploid nucleus (is) tetraploid nucleus 14, Selfincompatibility dueto the genotype of the pollen grain is termed as (0. sporophytic incompatibility (id) gametophytic incompatibility (lid, stigmatic incompatibility () aponsixis 18, The outer layer ofa fruit is epicap ——Gi)mesocarp ii) endocarp (iv) pericarp 16. On maturity an ovule forms a seed io) fit (ii) embryo sac (is) endosperm 17, Double fertilisation involves fertilisation of (0 ang by two male gametes (id) two eggs in the same embryo sac by ‘wo male gametes from one pollen tube (iit) egg cell and central cell by male ‘eumetes from two different pollen Tubes (i) egg cell and central cell by male ‘gametes from same pollen tube 18, Cleistogamous flowers are (0 self-pollinated (i) insect-pollinated (Gil) bitd-pollinated () wind-pollinated 19, Arrangement of nuclelin normal dicot ‘embryo sac Is (934342 (i) 24442 (ii) 34243 (iy) 24343 20. A plant part having two generations is () embryo. (id, unferilised ovale (iif germinated pollen grain (iy) seed 21, Endosperm isconsumed by developing embryo in © pea (i) maize (iil) costor bean (7) coconut 22. Unisexuatity of flowers prevents (0) awtogamy and geitonogamy (i) both geitonogamy and xenogamy Git) autogamy but not geitonogamy (®) _geitonogamy but not xenogamy 23, Which one of the following prevents ) sporopolienin (©) exine (inte 3. ‘The formation of pollen grains pollen mother ellis called {@) sporopollenin (©) sporogenes (©) homogenesis (@) microsporogenesis ‘The sporogenous tssueis (@) haploid () diploid (©) forms outer layer of microsporn ium (@) present in microspores ‘The places where exine is absent in de pollen grain are called (a) ininepore (6) germ pore (©) stoma (@)_micropore Which of the following undergoe meiotic divisions? (@) sporogenous tissue (©) microspore tetrads (©) microspores (@) pollen grains ‘The most important structure fomed after double fertilisation is endospem. Endosperm is triploid in nature and serves forthe nourishment ofthe going embryo. The cells of this tissue ste reserve food materials. Zygote forms the embryo. A dicot embryo consis embryonal axis with two cotyledoa. ‘The portion of embryonal axis whist above the level of cotyledons is epictyl. Epicotyl gives rise to plume or stem tip. The portion below te let of cotyledons is hypocotyl. Hypoesst terminates at its lower end in the rad ‘or root tip. The root tip is protected ro0t cap. Monocots have only sia cotyledon. The cotyledon of is known as scutellum. At its lower the embryonal axis has the radical 4 root cap enclosed in an undteentis sheath called coleorhiza. The has a hoot apex which is enclosed i* hollow structure called coleoptilsO EON Ha 2s HEL reer RSI 1. Which of the following is not true for the endosperm? (a) stores food (b) diploid (c) triploid (d) formed as a result of double fertilisation 2. Part of the embryonal axis which is above the level of cotyledons is called (a) cotyledon —(b) epicotyl (c) hypocotyl (d) embryo 3. Hypocotyl has at its lower end, (a) radicle (b) plumule (c) cotyledon (d) shoot tip 4, The cotyledon in the monocots is known, as (a) endosperm (b) coleoptile (c) embryonal axis (d) scutellum 5. In monocots, the epicotyl is enclosed in the (a) coleoptile (b) coleorhiza (c) rootcap —(d)_radicleA. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS . Multiple choice questions 4. A single highly coiled tube where hoose the correct answer: sperms are stored, get concentrated 1. What is true of gametes? and mature is known as (they are diploid (epididymis (ii) they give rise to gonads (ii) vasa efferentia (iif) they produce hormones (iii) vas deferens (iv) they are formed from gonads (iv) seminiferous tubules 2. Which of the following is a primary _- Fertilisation of an ova takes place in sex organ? the (testis (@ uterus (ii) seminal vesicles (i) fallopian tube (iii) prostate (ii) vagina (iv) vas deferens (iv) ovary 3. Sperms are produced in 6. The function of Sertoli cells is to (epididymis () secrete hormones (i)_vasa efferentia (ii) produce spermatogonia (iii) seminiferous tubules (iii) nourish spermatids (iv) Leydig cells (iv) produce spermatocytesprimary spermatocyte, imber of spermatids produced are i 4 (i) none of the above re 8, From one primary oocyte, number cova produced are ee Gi 3 ) 9. The egg released from the Graafian {ollcie is in the following stage (9. primary oocyte (i) Secondary oocyte i) mature ovum (@o) polar body 10, Oestrogen is sereted by the (9 ateroe pituitary (4, primary falile (Gi Grafan flicle (), corpus luteum 11, Meiosis T takes place in the oogonia primary oocyte (ai) secondary oocyte () ovum 12, Vas deferens is a part of a testis (epididymis (id, accessory glands 6) duct system 13. The secretions of seminal vesicles contain (fructose @) alkaline solution (Wi) clear mucous (i) testosterone 14, The large elongated cells that provide nutrition to developing sperms are (0 primary germ cells (i) Sertoli cells (ii) Leydig cells () spermatogonia 15, Repeated mitotic divisions oceur in (0. primary oocyte (i) secondary oocyte (i) ovum () primary germ cell (follicular phase (i), teal phase (i secretory phase (iv) ovulatory phase 18, The follicle cells surrounding the oy, atthe time of ovulation form the (corona radiata (i) zona pellucida (i viteline membrane (iv) feilistion membrane 19, Which part of the sperm contains thy respiratory enzymes? @ bead (i) neck (ii midate piece (iv) acrosome 20. The fertilisation in human bey takes place in the © ovary (i) oviduet (ii) wters (iv) vagina 21. Capacitation refers to changes inthe (sperm before fertilisation (id, sperm after fertilisation (Wi) ovum before fertilisation (j) ovum after fertilisation 22, Sperm lysins are released from (sperm nucleus (i, acrosome (Ui) egg membranes (®) corona radiata 23. A stage of development showing &® in three primary germ layers is ( morula (i). blastocyst (ii) blastula (iv) gastrula 24. The protective and autritve lay! the blastocyst is| (0 wophoblast (ii) embryonic dise (iii) inner cell mass. (@) mesoderm[AKRON SE NRC RR 25, Archenteron is found in the () morula (id) blastula (i) gastrale (is) blastodermic vesicle 26, At which of the following stages the {implantation in uterus takes place? () S-cel stage (ii) morula (iid blastocyst (iv) late gastula 27, Segmentation cavity is another name for (cleavage (i) blastocoel (it) archenteron (iv) body cavity 28, Which of the following layers form a part of foetal placenta? () amnion (i) decidua basalis (ii) chorion (iv). yolk sac 28. A vital connection between mother ‘and foetus is called () vterss (i) placenta (ii) embryo sac. (iv) amniotic uid 30. Mammary glands are modified (sebaceous glands (i) sweat glands (if) cutaneous glands () scent glands 31. Which one of the following events is correctly matched with the time period in a normal menstrual cycle? (0, release of egg: Sth day (id) endometrium regenerates: 5-10 days (ii) endometium secretes nutients for implantation: 11-18 days (iv) rise in progesterone level: 1-15 days 32. If mammalian ovum fails to get fertilised which one ofthe following is unlikely? (corpus luteum will disintegrate (i, oestrogen secretion further decreases (Gi) primary follicle starts developing (iv) progesterone secretion rapidly declines 33, Find out the incorrect statement from the following:- the process of tastrulation is characterised by (0. rapid division of cells by mitosis (i) movement and rearrangement of cells (itt) formation of three germina layers () formation of archenteron 34. Withdrawal of which of the following. hormones is the immediate cause of menstrustion? (O FSH (i) FSH-RH (ii) Progesterone (i) Oestrogen 35. Acrosome of sperms (0) lysosome (i) ER (iil) Golgi complex (Gv) mitochondria 36. In gastrulation, which isare formed? (9 Endoderm (i) Mesoderm (Gif) Ectoderm and endoderm i») Ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm 37, The embryo at 16-celled stage is known ( morula (i) gastrula (iit) blastula (i) blastomere 38. The hormone that initiates ejection of milk, stimulates milk production and growth of ovarian follicles are respectively known as (PRL, OT and LH (i) OT, PRL and FSH (if) LH, PRL and FSH (i) PRH, OT and LH (9) PRH, OT and FSH 39. Capacitation of sperms occurs in (female genital tact (ii) vas deferens (Ui) vasa efferentia () vagina 40. In the human female, menstruation ‘ean be deferred by the administration of (@ combination of oestrogen and progesterone (ii) FSH only (i) LH only (iv) combination of FSH and LH. fare modifiedFE sera ca eee ARTO NEG 41, Inhibition of secretion of which of the following hormones is necessary for ‘disintegration of corpus lateum? ot (Gi) Progesterone i) CTH (o) FSH 42, in buman adult female oxytocin (simulates growth of mammary glands (i Stimulates pituitary 10 secrete came ee trations (i Gat song tin (oy sete by entero piilary 45. In humans, at the end of the first teotic division, the male germ cells aitreretiate ato the (i secondary spermatocytes W) spermatids (i) spermatogonia (G») primary spermatocytes 44, Which extra-embryonic membrane in humans prevents desiccation ofthe embryo inside the uterus? @ allantois (i) yolk sae (ii) amnion (is) chorion 45. In oogenesis haploid egg is fertilised by sperm at which stage? (0. primary oocyte (ii) secondary oocyte (i) cogonium (®) ovum 46. Spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa by (0. spermiation (i) spermatogenesis (il) meiosis () spermiogenesis 1. Changes in the female secondary sex organs are controlled by ___of the ovary in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle while the changes in the secretory phase are controlled by the hormone 2. Growth of the Graafian follicle is stimulated mainly by of the 10, n. 2, 1B rs 1s. 16. "7, 18 tie criti is wn pian wi oerine name land . A primary spermatocyte is mY vison while a Ujperesalis fom dvi Uterine lands grow and clones in gy pase of the mesa cet Swe ey are secreted in the | pase ofthe eye . Spermatozoa are produced in the ‘of testes while ova are forme) inthe of ovaries, 5. Corpus luteum secretes while Leydig cells secrete 1. The secretory phase of the menstny cycle is also called the phase because it is controlled by hormone ‘Vasa efferentia conduct the sperms og from the ___ while vas deferens conducts the sperms from the ). A secondary oocyte has a chromosome number while @ ferilsel ovum has a cchromosone sumer is a primary sex organ while isa secondary sex organ it males, ‘The axial filament of the tal piece attached tothe centriole isan active enzyme preseaia the sperm lysin, ‘The blastodermic vesicle has a fil filled cavity called the : ‘The implantation of the embryo ocess at about day, ‘The degenerated corpus luteum is called Hormone HCG stimulates _#* ‘ovary that produces progesterone. and, foetal membras ‘take part in the formation of placeats ‘Agents that cause malformation it # developing embryo are called qeinai 19, it the first milk secreted by ‘mother's mammary glands. 20, Hormone prolactin is produced by 11 State whether the following are true Corpus luteum secretes the female hormone oestrogen. 2, Graafian follicle bursts wo release an egg from ovary. 3, Placenta produces hormone prolactin. 4, Fusion of sperm and egg is called {implantation '. Gestation period in humans is of about 320 days. {6 Amniotic uid acts as a shock absorber 1. Sperm isa single cel 8, Sperms are produced by epididymis. 9, Menarche is when menstruation stops. 10, Sertolicells produce hormone testosterone. 1V, Match the following Column A Column 7. Trogamy © Spermatid 2 Acrosome (i) Oestrogen 3. Proliferative phase] (i) Oeathworm 4. Leydigcells |v) Progesterone 5. Spermiogenesis | (v) Spermatozoan 6 Secretory phase | (vi) Testosterone 1. Bisexual animal | (vl) Monoeystis § Endometium | (vi) Uteras V. Mark the wrong item in each series. ive reasons for the same 1, Spermatocyte; polar body; spermatid spermatogonium. Endometrium; corpus luteum; acrosome; Graafan follicle. 3. Vas deferens; fallopian tu epididymis; Cowper's gland. 4. Testes; prostate; seminal vesicles; Cowper's glands. VI. Answer the following in one or two words 1. Fully developed structure in ovary ‘containing an egg ready for ovulation. 2. An accessory gland in males whose secretion activates the sperms. '3. highly coiled tube in which the sperms mature, 4, Perio for which the foetus remains inside the uterus, 5. Site of production of spemms in man, 6. Term used forthe stoppage of menstruation. 7. Innermost foetal membrane which secretes amniotic fui. 8, Two substances that diffuse out of the foetus into the placenta, 9. A hollow pear-shaped muscular organ where embryo develops. 10, Male hormone produced by te interstitial cells or Leydig cells. 11, Hormone that stimulates contraction of uterus during childbirth, 12, Structure formed after the release of ovum, from Graafian folic. 13, Structure formed by the vill ofthe foetus and the uterus of the mother. 14, Partin female reproductive system where ferilisation takes place. 15, Fitst fluid released from the mammary lands after bith.- prexT800K OF CBSE BOLO i GREE irouepeay 6, Assertion (A): Fettilisatig In the questions given below, there Aree wien ova td sper ct are two statements marked as Asser~ cemspored simultaneously toe tion (A) and Reason (R). Read the Smpullary-isthmic junction, statements and choose the correct Reason (R): During fertlisang option a sperm comes in contact with () Both assertion (A) and reason (R) zona pellucida layer ofthe ovum. are tre, and reason is the corect_ 7, Assertion (A): The spermatids ‘explanation of assertion. transformed into spermatozoa by, () Both assertion (A) and reason (R) process called spermiogenesis are true, but reason isnot the correct Reason (R): Spermatids undergy explanation of assertion. meiotic division to form haploig (6) Assertion (A) is tre but reason (R) a lee 8, Assertion (A): Implantation occu (@ Both assertion (A) and reason (R) when the blastomere stage gets are false. embedded into the thickened wall of 1, Assertion (A): The interstitial spaces of seminiferous tubules ‘contain Leydig cells. Reason (R): Leydig cells synthesise ‘uterus. Reason (R): After implantation, the trophoblast layer forms a special and secrete hormones called tissue called placenta. androgens. 9, Assertion (A): At the end of ‘2. Assertion (A): The testes are Pregnancy, placenta secretes a situated outside the abdominal hormone called relaxin. Toe ee ae Sr ino een Renkretce eee Aart Tee 1 ERT ne inindioam oem is @ funnel shaped part of oviduct feason (R): in acts 0” aca, Reason (R): Oxytocin acts Se erin muscles and causes tone! infundibulum help in collection of ioe pormractions ‘ovum afer ovulation from ovary. VIII. Read the sources given and answer 4. Assertion (A): Finger-like any four from the questions givet aac ee oa the below trophoblast called chorionic vil Sooleies led shone Wit A. Theavacinne telat Reason (R): Chorionic villi are bhuman beings involves a number! surrounded by the uterine tiseue cyclic changes that occur inthe ov#Y and matemal blood. and uterus under the influence ‘5S. Assertion (A): Both FSH and LH FSH and LH from anterior iin attain a peak level during middle of The cvele occurs witha prac themensiral eyle around Isth dy. of about 28 days with ovulatio’ Reason (R): LH surge induces occurring around the 14th day. f the formation of corpus luteum at Pvtum is not fertilised, the coms ‘ovulation. tuteum formed after ovulation degenerates. Consequently by“HUMAN REPRODUCTIONS 2-7 ' ‘2h day, the lining of the uterus— the endometrium breaks down and ‘the cycle begins again. Refer to the figure given below with various phases of the menstrual cycle and answer the questions that follow. Bas Foliar prase| (Prolferatve phase) |. Which days of the menstrual cycle mark the proliferative phase? (1s (b) 15-23 (©) 6-14 (@ B17 Identify the hormones that are at peak level during ovulatory phase () progesterone () FSH (LH (@ both FSH and LH Which of the following occurs during secretory phase? (@) follicles mature () endometrium breaks (©) corpus luteum develops (@) oestrogen level keeps increasing toa 2 2 ite pass (secretory pase) 4. The breakdown of endometrium ‘occurs during the following phase (@) proliferative (b) luteal (©) follicular (@) menstrual 5, Increase in the thickness of werine lining is directly related to increase in the following hormone (@) progesterone () FSH (© LH (@) Oestrogen B, The male reproductive system consists of certain accessory ducts such as rete testis, vasa efferent, epididymis and vas deferens, Rete testis are the network of tubuleswhich are located on the inner side of the testis, From here vasa efferentia emerge which are the small ducts that carry sperms to the epididymis. In epididymis, the sperms get concentrated and pass to vas deferens, Vas deferens opens into the common urethra Male accessory glands include: prostate glands, seminal vesicle and bulbourethral glands. Semen isthe fuid containing spermatozoa and secretions of accessory glands. Seminal vesicles add secretion containing spermatozoa sctvating substances like fructose, ciate and prostaglandins, ete. Prostate glands Present atthe neck of the urinary bladder seerete the alkaline fluid which is essential to neutralise the acidic seeretions present in vagina, Bultourehalplands also known as Cowper’s glands located just above the prostate gland, add clear mucous and glycoproteins which act as Ihbricant 41. Human mate reproductive system has the following accessory glands, (@) vas deferens (©) seminal vesicle (©) vasefferenta (@) prostaglandins 2. At which site do the sperms Bet concentrated inthe male reproductive system? (3) seminal vesicles (©) butbourethal glands © epididymis @) rete testis ‘The glands which add glycoproteins to semen are (2) Cowper’s glands (©) seminal vesicles © epididymis (@) prostate glands 4. The ducts that carry sperms to the epididymis are ATER NARI, () rete testis (b) urethra (6) vas deferens (@) vas efferentia ‘The nature of prostate glands ig (@) alkaline (©) slightly acidic (©) neutral @) highly acidic "After implantation, a special called placenta, develops betwen the embryo and the uterine nay ‘ofthe mother Placenta conse of ‘octal par, the chorion as well the maternal tissue—the deci basalis. The placenta helps in dy exchange ofthe nutrients and gare ‘between the mother and the foens Its also involved in the renow of wastes produced by the gray foetus. Placenta is connected i the foetus via umbilical cox Placenta also produces a numer of proteins and diferent homote like human chorionic gonadotopa (HCG), human placental lactoge (Hp), oestrogen and progesterone. Because hCG comes from the embryonic chorion and not te "other, this hormone is tested fra allpregnaney ests Inthe later stags of pregnancy, placenta also sees 4 hormone called relaxin whic facilitates childbirth by dilating be cervix atthe time of parturition Placenta consists of the followitt issues (2) only foetal tissue (©) chorion (© decidua besalis (4) both ) and ‘Which of the following hormone # tested in pregnancy tests to confit Pregnancy?(d) hpl . Which of the following is not a function of placenta? (a) remove wastes from maternal blood (b) supply nutrients from mother to foetus (c) supply oxygen to foetus (d) remove wastes from foetus to maternal blood 4. The hormone hCG is produced from the (a) ovary (b) uterine lining of mother (c) chorion of embryo (@) pituitary gland 5. The function of relaxin is to (a) maintain pregnancy (b) stop ovulation (c) dilate cervix (@) maintain placentaA. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS I. Multiple choice questions Choose the correct answer: 11. Which one of the following is an UCD? (® copper T (i) oral pills (iii) diaphragm —_ (iv) tubectomy 2. The sterilisation in males is performed surgically by () tubectomy (i) vasectomy (iii) contraceptives (iv) chemicals 3. Which of the following is not 4 Serna transmitted disease? (@ syphilis (i) AIDS (iif) gonorrhoea (iv) tuberculosis 4. In vitro fertilisation or test tube bab . technique involves (i fertilisation outside the female boty (ii) development of foetus in the test ti. (iii), both (i) and (ii) (iv) none of the abovePes: emo HIATH SEE ge 5 Haman peplaton wa etme ob 73 bition in (2000 io) 2005 (ia) 2021 (i) 2015, 6.Certain characteristic demographic features of developing countries are (9 high fertility, rapid morality rate and ‘avery young age distribution (i high infant mortality rate, low fertility and a very young age distribution (ji high mortality, high fertiity and a very old age distribution (0) high fertility, falling morality rate, and avery young age distribution 1 Which of the following birth control measures can be considered a8 the safest? (0 thythm method (i) use of physical barriers (Gi) termination of unwanted pregnancy (i) sterilisation techniques & Consider the statements given below regarding contraception and answer as directed thereafter (e) Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) during first trimester is ‘generally safe (© Chances of conception ae nil uti mother breast feeds the infant upto two years, (6 Intrauterine devices like Copper T ae effective contraceptives. (@ Contraception pills may be taken up to one week in a month to prevent conception ‘Which two ofthe above statements are correct? Ge, d ia e(ii)a, BW) be 5. The following statement i true of TUT ‘technique © Ovumisferilised outside the female body (i) Embryo at 8-cel stage is transfered tothe uterus (ii) Semen from a healthy donor is introduced into the ters. (iv) Sperm is directly injected into the ovum, 10, Amniocentesis iss technique which is used to (detect the chromosomal abnormality inthe foetus. (4) detect the physical defect ofthe child. (i) detect intel. (iv) detest blood group of foetus. HL. Fill in the blanks 1. Copper isan example of an 2 The popular sign of family planning is 3 isa surgical method in males as a contraceptive method. ‘4 isthe scientific study of human Dopalaton '. Oral pills contain small doses of — combinations to avoid pregnancy. 6, MTPis considered tobe a safe method up to__weeks of pregnancy. 7. Another name for veneral diseases is 8 in technique the zygote or early embryos are transferred into the fallopian tube 9. In—— fertilisation the fusion of | gametes occurs ouside the body 10. The term ICSI isan abbreviated form of State whether the following are true or false 1. Lactational amenorshoea is when a baby is breast fed by the mother, chances of ‘conception are minimal 2. Oral contraceptive pill need to be taken for at least 27 days in a month without a ‘break, 3. IUD devices block the transport of gametes. 4. Biologically, itis the gametes from father ‘that determine the sex ofa child and not the mother, 5. Syphilis is caused by a protozoan and causes sores and lesions in the genital tract, eeNS TV. Mateh the following: Column A Coon 1, Progestasert (a) STO ait 0D o) Antal ae 2. insemination _ 2 nV @_Testtube baby V. Answer the following in one or two words 1. Armethod of fertility contro in males by tying of vas deferens. ; ) 2. A type of intrauterine device for birth ‘control 3. A method of tying of fallopian tubes in ‘females for bith control. 4. A technique in which amniotic fluid ‘surrounding the foetus is withdrawn to detect certain chromosomal disorders. 5. A disease that destroys the immune system and is an STD. 6 A scientific tem for induced abortion. 7. A barrier method used by males to prevent conception in females. 8 A technique by which ‘the babies formed are called test tube babies’. 9% Highly infectious diseases that spread from one person to another by sexual contact. 10. Estimated world population in 2021 VI. In the questions given below, there Aare two statements marked as Asser- tion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the correct option (@) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason isnot the correct explanation of assertion, (©) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false. (@) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) ae false, “Assertion (A): Family plang + faerie 1 het {productive health among; Reason (R): RCH programe, frente a¥ATene88 870g peg! Sbout STD. AIDS, adolesceny mt related changes ‘assertion (AD: Amniocentes, often is Reason (R): Amniocentesis, for determining the genetic d in the foetus, Dut itis being to determine the sex ofthe fon Teading to death ofthe normal ena, foetus . Assertion (A): A pill called “Say Snew oral contraceptive pig the females, contains a sere preparation. Reason (R): This ill bloke transport of ova and prevens ferisation, 1. Assertion (A): There is a chance fertilisation during 10-17 days fie menstrual cycle. Reason (R): Ovulation occurs 3” direction 49. Whats true of DNA fingerprinting? (© Genetic material used s DNA from WBC and root hair only. (Wis apart of human genome Project. Patter of VNTRs inherited by Person is identified (0) This used to identify genes on 8 10some. ‘0. Constitutive enzymes in baceriat the ones which are © synthesised continuously inthe cell (whose production can be ised bya compound, « TEE Production can be Suppressed by a compound. Whose production is tumed off Substrate is in high concentra (a O)i 10, un. 2, 3B. 4, , Fill in the Blanks ____is the technique by which ihe three-dimensional structure ot macromolecules gan be studied. The DNA molecule takes complete tum after very___base pars, ‘A nucleotide consists of a and a nitrogenous base. The experiment on DNA using !5N isotope proved that it replication iy are enzymes that unwind DNA. inelices while break and reseal the strands. New strands of DNA are formed only in the direoton ‘Asequence of thre nitrogenous bases that code for an amino acid is called is a segment of DNA strand on ‘which a new strand is produced, in RNA replaces thymine in DNA. has the shape of a clover-eaf The formation of a peptide bond is catalysed by the enzyme Sickle cell anaemia is caused due toa change from glutamic acid to at position 6 in the B chain, In lac operon concept the three structural genes are regulated by a single gene called In DNA fingerprinting, the separated DNA fragments are transferred from the gel to a nylon membrane by @ technique called A lab technique called ___ quickly creates unlimited copies of ven a tiny fragment of DNA. I. State whether the following are true or false |. Prokaryotic cell contains only one chromosome. Each chromosome consists of @ ‘number of genes. DNA is apart of a gene. ‘Complementary base for guanine is adenine. ‘5. Acrocentric chromosome has centromere near the extreme end. 6. Hershey and Chase experiment roves the semi-conservative mode Of replication of DNA. 7. DNA ligase can join together the short sections of newly synthesised DNA fragments. 8. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have only one RNA polymerase that transcribe different RNAs. 9. The promoter gene is present between the operator gene and ‘regulator gene in tryptophan operon, 10. Exon regions of mRNA do not code for any polypeptide, 1V. Mateh the following Column A ‘Column B 1. Bacteriophages | (a) Polymerisation of free DNA nucleotides 2 Bacterial [(B) Join together transformation |” short of DNA 3 Semie (© Breaking the conservative ‘weak hydrogen replication of | bonds between DNA DNA strands DNA @ Meselson and polymerase Sua's 5 DNAlligase | (@) Hershey and Chase 6. Helicases | )Grifith 7. RNA (g) iRNA polymerase 1 & Cloverleaf: [(H) mRNA shaped tructure 9. Genetic code | (Variable number of tandem repeats 10. DNA OD Transcribes fingerpriming_| "RNA. V. Answer the following in one or two words 1. Chromosome with centromere at its extreme end.mE 2 a 4 1B. 14, 15, i EOD tee eee a ‘in anaphase stage. Condensed or constricted part of Somme wh rma sie 38 present on t Te ase sequences Pus complementary codon on miRNA 1. Newly synthesised short fragments, ‘of DNA formed on lagging strand. 3. mRNA having number of cistrons oF ‘gene segments transcribed on it 1. Viruses that have RNA as the genetic material and capable of reverse transcription, |. Process by which single strand of RNAs transcribed from one strand of DNA. I. The coding regions of DNA. . A process by which number of copies of a DNA fragment are made bby polymerase chain reaction, Largest known human gene tified by human genome project. Enzyme needed for activation of amino acids in the cytoplasm. ‘Codons in genetic code that do not ode for any aminoacid VI Label the following 0 VIL In the questions given below, there are Assertion (A) Read the statements, correct option two statements marked as 'd Reason (R), id choose the assertion (A) and (© aehctnd aoe eek ‘explanation of assertion, (b) Both assertion (A) and ren gy are true, but reason is not the, ‘explanation of assertion, (6) Assertion (A) is tue but reason is false (8) Both assertion (A) and reason gy are false. 1. Assertion (A): The to chang DNA double helix are ant- pai Reason (R): Nucleotides in each helix are joined togeer ‘phosphodiester bonds. 2. Assertion (A): DNA is associate with basic proteins called hi Reason (R): Negatively charge DNA is wrapped around histoe octamers to form a structure cal nucleosome. 3. Assertion (A): Sequences of bas inone polynucleotide chain of DNA can determine the sequence of bas inthe other chain, Reason (R): There are three hydrogen bonds between A and T and two between C and G. 4. Assertion (A): In Griffith's experiment, a mixture of heat-killed virulent bacteria R and live non- virulent bacteria S, lead tothe deat of mice. ‘Reason (R); Transforming prisple Got transferred from heat-killed R strain to $ strain and made it virulent. Assertion (A): DNA is a bettt ‘genetic material than RNA. Reason (R): DNA is more recive fand mutates ata faster rate § Assertion (A): Central dogma is tt flow of information from DNA © mRNA and then decoding it ia form of protein, Reason (R): In retroviruses ee of central dogma occurs. 7. Assertion (A): UA, ‘uaG and UGA codons on mRNA terins® Protein synthesis.| AECHARBASSOFINMERTANCE Reason (R): These codons are not recognised by tRNA. 8 Assertion (A): mRNA has some untranslated regions that are not translated. Reason (R): UTRs are require efficent ransition. Assertion (A): Repetitive DNA. sequences make up very large portion of human genome. Reason (R): Repetitive sequences do not have direct coding functions im the genome, 10, Assertion (A): DNA fingerprinting is applied in paternity testing in case of disputes Reason (R): Itemploys the principle ‘of polymorphism in DNA sequences asthe polymorphisms are inheritable from parent to children. VIIL Read the sources given and answer any four from the questions given below ‘A. In prokaryotes, the DNA is circular, has only one chromosome and present in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, the DNA is linear, packed ina number of chromosomes ‘and mainly confined to the cleus. DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a Jong polymer of nucleotides. DNA is the genetic material for most organisms while RNA isthe genetic material in some viruses. DNA is composed of three components, a Phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base. There are two types of bases purines and pyrimidines. Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) are purines while Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U) are pyrimidines. DNA has A, G, C and T while in RNA thymine is replaced by uracil. The bases are paired by Chargaff's rule by which A pairs with T and C pairs with G. DNA being more stable than RNA. DNA‘ sai te beter for storage of genetic information, hence better genetic material. RNA 9. hhas ribose sugar which has 2-OH ‘group present in every nucleotide. It is a reactive group and makes RNA catalytic and easily degradable. Hence comparatively DNA is chemically less reactive and structurally more stable than RNA. The type of nuclear matter present in prokaryotes (2) circular RNA in nucleus () circular RNA in cytoplasm (€) linear DNA in cytoplasm (@ circular DNA in cytoplasm . RNA is a polynucleotide having the following components (@) phosphate group, A,U,T,G and deoxyribose suger (©) phosphate group, A.C;T.U and deoxyribose sugar (©) phosphate group, U,C,T,G and ribose sugar (@) phosphate group, A,CU,G and bose sugar Which of the following statements {isnot tre for RNA? (@) highly stable () contains base uracil (©) genetic material in some viruses (@) has 2-OH group in nucleotides ‘Why is DNA considered to be better genetic material than RNA because itis (a) more easily degradable (b) structurally more stable () catalytic in nature (@ contains bases A, T,C and G 5. RNA isthe genetic material in (a) eukaryotes (b) prokaryotes (e) viruses (@) both (6) and (e) It is a well-known fact that every individual has a unique DNA fingerprint or DNA profile. It is same for each and every cell of the body. It is an ideal way to distinguish one individual from another. DNA fingerprinting isShea P ELE _ x TextB00K OF CHSE BIOLOGY Cy Ene AE RIE 4 to analyse DNA present in waco fom acl used t0 = the biological materials like body ino frags fds (ava, semen) or inthe cells {@) DNA polymerase Tike WBCS, hair roots, bone oF 88 (6) introns s. DNA (6) ligases cell that contains nucleus of an individual contains s like (i) {(@ restriction enzymes During electrophoresis the DNy me s. types of segment ode for proteins, (i) some have fragments fepulatory functions, (ii) some are (@) get aligned according 10 thy ces that do not ‘weight intervening sequent ode for proteins called introns and (&) get separated into VNTR (Ge) some are short repetitive DNA (©) getaligned according to theirs MeQuences, For DNA fingerprinting. (@) get separated into one line sequencer repetitive nucleotide. roel r Sequences are oF importance as these isan amino acid whic SRE Nin sts tom person 1 ie always needed by the bacterial These are called a Variable cells for protein synthesis and hene Rimiber Tandem Repeats (VNTR). produced by a sequential acon | The VNTR of two persons may bf five enzymes. In the tryptopan te of same length and sequence at operon concept, when tryptopha evan sites but vary at ote sites is added in the medium, the swith In DNA fingerprinting, DNA is first in the bacterial cell is set off ad_| extracted from the cells and then the cell stops preparing it a5 tis | easily available without any eff. divided into fragments by restriction ‘enzymes. The fragment are then separated according to their size by electrophoresis. The separated ‘The repressor protein binds wih tryptophan called the co-represor to form a repressor-co-repressor frome Em pte of rae camplx cle fans epee _ om = molecule. The functional repressr For DNA fgerrining, DNA can molecule then binds with the (@ only body Huds ‘operator gene switching it off and (2 only bey is hence the structural genes are at (anit els expressed. There is a promoter ga a oie present between the operator ge 2. DNA of an individual contains and the regulator gene. Prom DataTotanlindelduel con ‘gene isthe binding site for enzyme bayer Gallo RNA polymerase which move () some do not code for proteins along the DNA during transription Nemes tena ‘ofmRNA. When the operator genes repetitive DNA sequences ‘on, the RINA polymerase transcribe: (sane MRNA but when the opersio! 3 porn of NTR ha gene is switched off, the RNA 0) we eect mee Pobmense ao gt bok transcribe, RNA polymer (©) VNTR vary at some sites in wo ska deiden which sand of DNS people would act as a template fo © eae of short of mRNA. meee ‘ucleoides 1 In the bacteri ctions! (@) these are repetitive in nature repressor ois! ‘ings wih ‘operator gene when ‘at ean,(a) operator gene is switched on r) tryptophan is added in medium () structural gene is switched off (d) repressor protein binds with regulator gene What is a co-repressor? . (a) repressor +RNA () tryptophan + enzymes (c) repressor + operator @ tryptophan . What is the position of promoter gene in tryptophan operon? (a) after operator gene (b) before regulator gene 5. (c) after structural genes (4) between operator and regulator gene Importance of promoter gene is (a) binding site of RNA polymerase (b) binding site for structural enzymes (©) bind with tryptophan (d) bind with Tepressor molecule Function of RNA polymerase is to (a) block operator gene (b) bind with Operator gene (c) transcribe mRNA (@) transcribe DNAA. OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ultiple choice questions the correct answer: |. The earth originated approximately (3.6 * 10° years ago (ii) 4.6 * 108 years ago (iit) 4.6» 10° years ago (iv) 3.6 « 10° years ago . Which of the following gases was e earth? (CO, i) CH, (iit) NH (jw) 0, }. Which of the following scientists suggested that amino acids were very important for origin of life? (van Helmont (ii) Oparin (iii) Pasteur (iv) Redi 1. Which of the following scientists tested the biochemical hypothesis of origin of life? () Oparin (ii). Miller (iid) Pasteur (iv) Redi . What were the views of Louis Pasteur? () life arose spontaneously (id) life arose as a result of biochemical evolution (iii) life arose from outer space (iv) life comes only from pre- life, the life originated (0 onland (iv) simultaneously in all three 7. According to abiotic origin of life life originated (0 from non-living to living (ii) spontaneously from non-living, (iii) fom pre-existing living form (iv) from coacervates 8. What were the end products of Miller— Urey experiment? (i) coacervates and amino acids (i) amino acids and simple sugars (iii) polypeptides and sugars (iv) lycerol and polypeptides 9. Concervates are clusters of @ proteins (i) sugars (ii), fats (iv). sugars and fats 10. Which of the following statements is, true? (chemical evolution led to biological evolution (i, biological evolution led to chemical evolution (ii) chemical as well as biological evolution occurred simultaneously (iv) none of the aboveesac iar 11, Darwin's inches it very £004 example of (adaptive radiation (i) convergent evlation (i preven {algo res 12 Rata section ca ed iar atigay inthe diverse £rOWDs ion tats is called (0, adaptive radiation (ii) convergent evolution (i) divergent evolution (i) homologous organs 13. Which of the following are homologous organs? (@ trunk ofan elephant and hand of a chimpanzee (i wing of bat and wing of an insect (ii) fish scales and bivalve Mollusca shell (6) thom of Bougaimiea and tena of Cucurbita 14, Which ofthe following are analogous organs? (0. wing ofa bat and wing ofan insect (Gi) wing of bat and human hand (Gi) human hand and beak of bird (iv) vermiform appendix of man and caecum of herbivores 15. Which of the following is a vestigial organ in man? (nails (ii) pelvic girdle (ii) caecum () appendix 16, The organs that have the same basic structure and developmental origin Dut may differ in function are called (0, homologous organs (ii) analogous organs (Gi) vestigial organs {») none ofthe above 17, In the phylogeny of horse, which one is of recent origin? (® Eohippus ii) Equus (til) Merychippus (i) Mesohippus 56 ATERTBOOKOFCBSEBOLOGY Cg cadual development of the evolu 1 cnt el i (i) evidences ftom comparative ‘ereanlogicl evi (i) paleontological evidence (2 pen ite (ix) comparison of homologous organ 19. Homology of organs in two animal, suggests that both animals (i) belong to the same geological tine seale (ip, ace adapted for same habitat at 4 particular time of evolution (itt) have evolved from a common ancestor (jv) area result of convergent evolution 20, Phylogeny represents the () embryological history of animal (i) comparative anatomy of animal (di evolutionary history of animal (jv) fossilisation of animal 21. What is true of palaconotological ‘evidences? (0 oldest rocks contain the simpler animals (4) youngest rocks contain the simpler animals (Up fossils are preserved in vertical layers of the rock () fossils show the presence of vestigial organs 22, Humans appeared on earth (0. palacozoic era (ii) mesozoie era Ai) cenozoic era (») jurassic period aamarck’s theory of evolution was based on (0, natural selection (survival of the Bitest ii) inheritance of acquired characters () mutation 24. The book ‘The Origin of Species’ w#8 written by Lamarck (iit) Wallace 2 (i) Darwin, (iv) Mendelsurvival ofthe fitest struggle for existence natural selection ) inheritance of acquired characters ¢ slow process by which new speci organisms arise from the pr ting forms by genetic variation is Ned ‘mutation hybridisation eves rs -— @ progressive adeptations enable one species to produce more offpring D certain species have “built-in” plans of evolution ) those traits used most often persist. longer ceessful adaptation simply means am increase in ness (moving to anew place “Gib, producing ofipring |G) evolving new characteristics Sympatrie speciation isthe formation species (0 in geographically isolated areas i) within a single population without scographical isolation ) due to artificial selection ‘due to polymorphism Je and hinny are examples of sterile hybrids ferile hybrids interbreeding in natural conditions natural selection 0 species that are morphologically 10st Identical but do not normally breed are called sympatric species polytypic spec (id) allopatric species Ge) sibling species 32. Biologists that tend to combine population into single species or ‘groups are referred as © spliters Gi. evolutionists id) lumpers () taxonomists 33. The concept of biological species defines species as a group of (O individuals occupying a specific i) interbreeding individuals (i) individuals producing fertile hybrid (iv) reproductively isolated individuals 34. Resistance of mosquitoes to DDT is an example of (0) artifical selection (i) mutation (iii) natural selection () adaptation, 35, Humans belong to order (®) mammalia (i) primates, (ii) hominidae (iv) pongidae 36. Anthropoid apes were ancestors of (@ only monkeys (ii) only apes (it) monkeys and apes (@»)_-monkeys, apes and human 37, Family Pongidse includes (0. only gibbons i) only gorillas (iit) only chimpanzees Gy) gorillas and chimpanzees 38. The brain size of modern man is (@ 400.ce. (i) 320c0. it) 1400-1450 ee, () 1800c¢, 39. By comparing human and primate prot ns are closely linked to (@® chimpanzee (ii) gibbon (ii) organgutan (i) monkeysLo as mt 40, Which of the following forms left the coloured cave paintings? (0) neanderthal man (ti) cro-Magnon man (it) java man, (iv) peking man 41, Java man and Peking man belong to the species (0 Heerectus (i) H. habilis (itt) Ht sapiens (io) A. africanus 42, Which were the first human like forms that extted about S million years ago? (0) Ramapithecus (i) Australopithecus (it) Dryopithecus (e) Homo habils 43, Neanderthal man existed about (9 17 million years ago (Gi) 40,000 years ago (iid 34,000 years ago (») 10,000 years ago 4. The diploid chromosome number of gorilla ie 4 (i) 46 (iin, 48 @) 50 45. Which ofthe followings present today but was abseat about 3.5 billion years ago? (@ nitrogen (i). oxygen (ii) hydrogen (iv)_-methane 46. Theory of spontaneous generation was given by () Louis Pasteur(i) F. Redi (Gil) van Helmont (iv) Spallanzani 47. Convergent evolution is illustrated by (0, ratand dog (i) starfish and cattle fish (ii) bacterin and protozoan (>) dogfish and whale 48, Recapitulation theory was called the Law of Biogenesis by (@ Heckel (i) Darwin (id) Lamarck (iv) Hugo de Vries 49. Who propoted the Theory of Origin ot Species by Natural Select (), August Weismann (id), Hugo de Vries (Gi) Charles Darwin (iv) Charles Darwin and Aired Wallace 50, According to Oparia, which one of the following was not present in the primitive atmosphere of the earth? (oxygen (id) hydrogen (id) water vapour (js) methane 51. The gases used in the spark-discharge apparatus were (@ NH, NH, and O, (i) 0,,CO, and NH, (i) CO,, Nit, and CH, (jo) Hy, CH, and NH, 52. Coacervates were experimentally produced by (i) Sidney Fox and Oparin (id, Fischer and Huxley (ii) Jacob ahd Monad () Urey and Miller 53. Which ofthe followings preset today but was absent about 3.5 billion years ago? nitrogen (i) oxygen (ip hydrogen iv) methane S54. Which one is not a vestigial ory (0) wings of Kiwi (i Ripper of seal (i covey. in man (j) splint bone of horse (©) pelvic girdle of python $5. The wings of bat and bird are (© homologous but not analogous (i either homologous nor anslogos (if analogous but not homologoxs (4) vestigial (©) both homologous and analogous