May 19, 2023 h the following arguments “A” with the respestive fallacy under column “B" G.Spt, Each) Columns smocratic and good youghaut their 1 to abolish government altogether weryane itis only for the dignitar umber of drinks tonight and E nd a heathy economy. Surely, we want (olive ina ‘ooks attribured to him, because he fen laa tory of Bihionc Missing the poi False dichotomy y - Accident |. Bquivoestion 1D. Begging the question Bandwagon FE. Snobbery K. Suppressed evidence F. Argument against the person BART IE Multiple Choices ‘Choose the Correct Answer and Write the Letter of Your Choice in Capital Letters Only on the Answer ‘Sheet. CAPITAL LETTERS ONLY 11! (1.5pt, Each) “Contrary to the tales of some scuba divers, the toothy, gaping grin on the mouth of approaching shark ls wot necessarily auticipatory, It fs generally accepted that by constantly swrimming with its mouth open, the shark is simply avoidiag suffocation. This assures » continuous flow of oxygee-laden water Into their mouthe, over thelr lls and ovt through the git tlie.” Wich one ofthe following isthe conclusion of this argumect? AI in generally accepled thot by constantly swimming with i mouth open, the sha f siemply avoiding suffocation ary wt take of some sue divers, the toothy, sina gh on the mouth of am approaching sark snot necessanty aoticipatory © A continous flow of oxygercaden water into theit mouths, over the theough tbe gil lite D. tis powargument ‘Wich ofthe following it» non-argument? ‘You cannos step twiee into the same rivers: for fresh Waters are ever owing in upon you. runt have been rang [yooh ein wearing 0 chain with cross arvund his noc, he ewst be Chie Name of te abuveMay 19, 2023 ‘ : 2 Ww Mich Cs f the tettowiog arguments bn bul to be inductively strong? # s_Uolice officers are reliable, then we would be safe, Police officers are not reliable, erefore, we would not be safe a isa ae eyed Ethiopian artist, and his paintings sell for over 10,000 ETB. Noah is Sees plat eved Ethiopian, and just finished art school, Thus, his painting ‘over10, 000 ETB too dhe just finished art sei Paintings should sell for C.We can easily see Iherian Peninsula, Thy ‘hat Spain and Portugal ate neighbors, Both countries are located in the us it's safe to conclude that they share the same climate must be the case that he tells lies. fence and Technology University logo says “University for the 4 p tedustry.” Thus the university haa x mission of producing studcots, (qualified for the industries’ needs The argument is ’ ‘A. Deductive, invalid C. Deductive, valid B. Inductive, strong D.tnductive, weak \* Ses Population in an ecosystem hes a habitat and + niche. The habitat of organism is its mgeateysuch as under a log or at the bottom of a pond, The niche of an organism ists total role tn CY community, inthe community.” This A. Expository pi Including its interactions with the environment and other organisms umcenta//Vesforin of expression is categorized as: e © Report od statements, Explanation 6 Which one of the following is not an argument? B. Loosely associa ing? the collapse of the Derg regime, several extemal powers have been invo J ¢ Bisiopian politics. y B. Since moratity den refugee camps ©. Since antipoverty program provides jobs forthe unemployed citizens of rich countries, the ‘existence of poverty in poor countries is useful fo D, Since small and micro enterprises are creating job opportunities for the destitute, the government should strengthen its effort by creating many more enterprises 7. Imour commitment to be rational we stand not against. A. Bias B.Superstition C. Genuine Evidence B. Emotional Appeals i Which of the foliowing statement Is true? es that we should help the needy, you should Kelp the needy in the ‘A. Being an animal isa necessary candition for being a cat B. Having «teil is soci condition for being » dog ©. Getting into the water i a sufficient condition for swimming D, Having a glass of wine is a necessary condition for being inti K Dantel got married a year ago, and today he ts unhappy. Helen got martied two years ago, and today, the, too, s unhappy. Apparently, marriage no longer brings happiness to people. This argument is: A. Deductively invalid Inductively weak . Inductively strong 1D. Deduetively unsound 16, “Whisticblower’ means 2 back-stabbing employee who reveals company seres (0 enemies onthe outside [emf te type of definition employed here A Presisiog B. Theoretic ©. Persuasive D.Stipaatve 11, “If US soldiers are indeed being held tn Syria, what by the motivation oftheir exptors? Nelther the ‘tovernment nor the rebel there have asked for anything in return, as might be expected I they mene Setivortely hokding Americans.” The ubove pusaye ivan instance of real: ng! angers, which of the following statements can best be identified asthe arpuer'svomelos 3ev are belay hed in Syria Wan dier were kidnapped, thet thet 1 captors would have disclosed their demands » I ft freeing the woe 5 J for copuring US soldiers 12, The defintion*"Buterfut’ mero onan G ‘he afin "ute at’ enon an ins that vena frm rosea buttery wi 8 En ' /- 13. Prime nvmber" means r: / : X number greater than one and that & divisible only by ise and on”. The & chnique of definition employed in providing the above definaon 7 © Gems and Difleence Do tymoogical Cie eam ees te hack toring Wht de you tse. Nothing! So, aly fife. this nrgument of 0A By lacy of A. Appeal to Ignorance . Amphiboy 15. A type of definition with the status ofthat of hypothesis und which may be revised Ae ome o Knowledge and understayding increases is that Aepeing Theoretical | C Perwssive D.Stipwatve 6: “These days, many students ar suffering asa result of exam stress, Some of them get sick sid thers spend hours trying to wndcrsand the ruding materials vente then thereby worry ‘Clearly, the bent way fo restate the student’ tangulty 0 abolish exams by this argument? themselves to de altogether. What A. Suppressed Evidence 8. Begging the Question D Oversinplified disingenuous cbaracters ad ll clever manipulators are disingenuous operatives are clever manipulators. the specific fallacy com Missing the Poi ee : ys a formal fallacy Ts argument icy of ambi g i wotains a fallacy of relevance This agen: area You stl don't have those pk shoes th on “y) 18 Say do te ie. shal te 6 fallacy of A everyone is buying: sure you possible. This argument commis the No fallacy is commie peal to te peop Sob C._ Missing the point C. pent othe people bandwegen Y nppeal io the people vat? a mets tr es ou av ie vw st avrg thr do, and fees you ke (0a exanran wil be overrun With ir. and all the wolse they makt, aad nobody will wont ¢0 eat Then Tags, their slobber, tie hai wr yp fallacy i called__. "A. Missing the point Stew an 5 False Couse “areas 1. Suppressed evidenceMay 19, 2023 20. The fallacy ta whie _p hypocrite i G Ym & Adhominem sous cite Taceae caret D. Red herrin | 21. The police - author appear as Wan argue attempt tered an argument by mating ls author SPP commanders complain shoot inadequate salaries tn thelr work. Bub, do\yat kno hi meow’ limes are committed by pace forces in our eountry? They portiinate i uidden corrupting 2 Te robbing buses, houses, supermarkets, banks, and shops in our country at night; and they also receive bribe from innocent civilians, So, polices forees are respousible for these erimes. The fallacy committed A. Appeal to for . Missing the point D. Straw Man Successful University professors inthe United States earn between $40,000-50, 000 annually, Thus, the ‘only way to make Eth ‘faMlaey-commaltted by this argument, if any, A. Non-Causa Pro © B. Post hoe « Argument against the perso Addis Ababa Unive Professors successful is to increase thefr salaries to the same amount, The the best Ethiopian Higher Education Institution. ‘Thi is s0 because it hhas the best Professors. We know this is true hecause the best Professors would never work for @ university but the best, and the bes ‘committed In this argument? ‘A, Hasty generalization. C Begging the question iversty is Addis Ababa University, What fallacy is B Suppressed Evidence D. False Cause “Am article in Newsweek read that people In democratic countries have « much i ‘8 much longer life expectancy than those living under authoritarian regimes. This being the case, we clude = we ean conclude thi ans have a higher life expectancy.” Tis argurpent commits the flay of ee A Beguinatequsion B.Carpln Quon. { Bion fr nud swering the question “Do the premises instruction: Answer the Following Stat a A Corre Se ere So Fash, “Lp oli tgangab elie Sergenet nce Be peg on procs on Specs ed pret en D. Compesition ss of evaluating any argument, ‘support the conclusion “is more important than the question “Are all the premises true” An act of killing isa necessary condition for Bevecide Explanations can be modified to an argument form if the subject matter appears to be ‘controversialMay 19, 2023 DepartmentiCollege Anstructor's Name_ PART L: Matching (1,Spt, Rach) Part —11: Multiple Choices (1.Spt. Bach) 9 10, 1. 2 B 14 18 16,Hawwasa university final exam @EreshmanWstudentllDb. Da: ’ 18, tak ica ge ti A Hi op Pi quit) ofa ee ys bachany en ' 16. ‘Tw hae t ae nc eueiionar aoe ct : My pring i ‘i phen riical tle ng 1 Pa ee To enn il ik sma wm ia Selicnn, gr ev ag Ha ene ee needing bgmenn nw ahem an ar as une a rot eovieing enemgh AM ' 9 Father AS he vIn burt abe malas sn octal Aber? B. ‘They base fereste |e cher peuple's kes C. They ard homen wih Semel juudginent nevi sa cheney Uh. They prvierd bners coene am ey SRS P BAN 18. Which of A. ‘They ue Missa intetboctnl wrote ett ers” Se ae on (iret braised pat ome eet noe wheat they don't know pia ee Judgments when new evidence reveals error es strive for undersinnding pA vs Ye cant be conser racived Fd ernie? (A. Uses relewam ind acceptable reasons 1B. Unable to provide sufficient evilence CC. Provides sufficient grounds to justly the cometusion 1D. Structurally sound EAM 20, The Presideat of the University of Dinkw cequest of the kmstracsts = decent cafeteria in the campus ‘ask for rest rooms and water IRe\e ings: Then a i reining od tein comes. TS fallacy committed by the president is : A. Weak Analony 1D. Hasty Generaliaatior No fallacy is comites- iE. Accident CC, Slippery Slope ’ and defend beliefs on the exclusive basis’ 21. Atendency to accep! ~ Relativistic Thinkine ¢.Socie-ceatrism, . B. Egoistic thinking D, Unwarremed Assunesion® EAU 22. Every ingredient in RN ry tang Tekst jg fattening. TH ee C. No fallacy os it 1D. Westy generalization E. Division which ce now the characterise of an informal fallacy? i i. As, Itreflects a nO%" i ct aera ke ae B. Ta argue nen ext TE or 7 histher claimed fuss Tt faite wees See oon feat flor ermine eviews? EA pb.¥ Attempt all questions critically; Y- Write your name, ID and answers only on the space provided; Y. Make sure that your booklet has three parts, four pages ‘and a total of 34 questions; Cheating attempts of any sort results in total nullification of your final grade; and, Y Don’t start the exam until the invigiltor tells youto He *2 = Write “True” if the statement is paige” if he 5 1. Inmost eases, a claim should be considered true if it has not been shown to be false. 2. Whether people are hypocritical regarding ther claims is imelevant 0 the truth of those claims. 4. Critical thinking is chiefly concerned with the quality of our bel ifs. 4, Incritical thinking, the principal reason for being charitable toward one another’s argument is ethical rather than practical. 5. Arguments that commit the fallacy of begging the question are normally valid. Part I: - Choose the best possible answer among the alternatives provided 6. Ananalogy is said to be weak ifthe things being compared ae: ‘A. Sofficiently similar in relevant ways C. Complete opposites. B. Sufficiently dissimilar in irrelevant ways 1D. Sufficiently dissimilar in relevant ways. 7. A thinking is said to be fair when: 'A, New and unfamiliar ideas are contemptuously rejected BB. Treating with favor ideas which come from ones prefered grovP ©. Analyze issues impartially weighting the available data and facts. D. Puiting one’s own self-interest in a second importance of order E, Always giving priority and more importance to the interest of others. 8, Based on “truth-seeking” principle of critical thinking,» extical thinker does all of the following except, ‘A. Thoughtfully considering criticisms of one's own views B. Willing to examine alternative positions seriously. Looking for insights in the postions of others. D. ‘Regarding the truth to be what we now hold to be the truth. E. None of the above. 9. “We should abolish death penalty. Many respected people such as actor Handsome stated their opposition to it.” Ths passage commits fallacy of: ‘A. Unqualified Authority B. Accident have publicly C. Hasty Generalization D. Missing the point @ii i Page 1 of 4 3aro white, This argument commits fallacy of: C..Non causa pro causa _B, Slippery slope : 12, “Killing is wrong. So, killing against aggressors is wrong,” This argument commits fallacy of: C. Accident B. Appeal to pity ering fallacies, the conclusion of missing the point fallacy is: A, Straw man “43. Compared with strawman & red | A relevant to the premises from which itis drawn. 'B, Relevant to the premises from which itis drawn. €. No such a difference among the three fallacies. D. Drawn from a new set of premises. 14. “Lwas too disappointed by Mr. X statement, He sai ja worthless, exactly Mr, X is the minister of defence. ‘A. Bandwagon B, Ad Hominem circumstantial 15. Wdenify the comect statement regarding the concept ‘eritical thinking! ‘A. Critical thinking is meant nothing more than cognitive skills. BB. Being intelligent is nota sufficient condition for being a critical thinker. . Criticizing an opponent’s argument is the only business of critical thinking. 1D Ciitical thinking has a great deal of investigating the causes of our beliefs. E, Critical thinking is principally descriptive rather than normative, 16, Students, today we will discuss the majot factors that cause high population growth. ‘Apparently, 8 | ‘country with high human resources produces many things. When there is good governance, human ‘resource is input in fighting poverty. Sometimes countries which have targe populations are also Rates a biel evmnioysientinis & migrations,” This argument commits fallacy of tn esses et le C, Straw man 1D. Appeal to pity — “17. “The life of many Africans is dreadful. Affica lacks the power to supply wha the mass E. None of the above. ds soldiers shouldn't accused of any crime. This > This argument commits fallacy of: C. Snobbery D, AccidentTo be independent and totally alienated oneself from others. E, None of the above. 20. The principle of “accuracy” in critical thinking refers to the ability to: A, Express one’s view vividly in non-obscure, un-vague & non- amphibious way. ¢ one’s view with reliable and valid evidences. "Have an evidence based, clear & predictable stance across various conditions. ). Bring about evidences that directly support ones view. E. Have deep, robust and insightful understanding of an issue. 21. “Critical thinker is someone who is always open to change his mind if an evidence based better idea __comies even contrary to his claim.” This idea could be entertained under the principle of: : A. Truth Seeking B. Fallibility C. Clarity D. Rebuttal 22. “Try to understand someone's view positively as much as possible even if it'is wrong” This idea most likely refers to the principle of: A. Resofution B. Charity C. Precision D. Clarity 23, One of the following is not among the traits of critical thinker? A. Doesn’t look for etrors but for ultimate truths. C. Have an exploratory attitude, B. Take a superficial approach to understand issues, D. Not stubborn. _ 24. “Brazil is the most popular country in football sport. Therefore, footballer.” This argument commits fallacy of: A. Accident B, Hasty generalization C. False cause D. Division 25, “Is evil an inherent quality ofthe world? How could it be? What a wretched place this earth would ‘be if it were.” This is a good example for: A. Egocentrism _B, Relativistic Thinking . Socio-centrism D. Wishful thinking 26, Which one of the following is Correct shout fallacious passages? A. Necessarily, they are inferential passage, ‘Necessarily, they are either bad inductive or deductive arguments. statements With ‘false’ truth values. everyone in Brazil is a popularhot new ould of fallacy is commited by the following argument? All the really. re new wave in ethics. So, you she from sociobiology. It's th C6, What kind thinkers are using principles arent de principles of sociobiology A. Suppressed evidence. « B. Unqualified authority. « 2” Appeal to people D. Appeal to force. « B. Composition. r xd by extraterrestrial beings disprove that such hat we have been visit le to D7. ofcourse it is reasonable to believe th After all, plenty of skeptics have tried, but none has beens hat is the nature of the fallacious reasoning? visitations have occurred. Wh A. Slippery slope. ~ B. False dichotomy suppressed evidence. ¢ ABE Appeal to ignorance E. Division.» Cg. Wharkind of fallacy is committed? Mr. Johnson ars that we should stop eating meat. sutra you know that Mr. Johnson owns the Vegetables Forever Prodves ‘Company? Ob yes, be stands to gain alot financially speaking, ifthe est of us become vegetarians. 1 qhink we can safely ignore his line of argument. ‘A. Straw man. x B. Red herring. x Argument against the person. D. Accident. X ae E. Begging the question.x What kind of fallacy of irrelevance is it? You really think that drugs should be legalized? inheritance if you go on thinking like that. That again, Dad will cut you out of the you just how far off base your views really are, should make it clear to A. Straw man. ¢ C. Missing the point. v _2X Appeal to force. E. Appeal to pity. superior to women, or women are superior to PD. 10. What kind of fallacy is it? Either men are men. Men are not superior to women. Hence, women are superior to men. A. Straw man. » B. Red herring. « C. Missing the point. » XX False dichotomy, E, Suppressed evidence.« a 3Be bade Completeness. ¢-1WO: MA MATCH “A* 2 _21, The burden of proof principle... __A_ 29. The inuth seeking principle. ~ B23. The charity principle. ~ __F_ 24, The resolution principle. ~ — €_25. The clacity principle. ~ _F_26, The acceptability principle. ~ — £97 The smictural principle. -\~ G28, The suitiviency principle.~ H 29, The rebuttal principte. — [— — £30, The fatlibitity principle. ~) JONS (1 POINT MATCH SB”. _ AE The principle of enitical thinking which states that the purpose of rational discussion is to discover or construct the truth or the most defensible position. _Be The principle offGod argument) which requires that sound argument should have premises that are compatible with each other and with the conclusion, and that the ‘conclusion should be supported either probably or absolutely, _-& The principle of critical thinking which states that one who participate in a rational discussion should use language that is free from obscurity and confusion. 2 The principle of critical thinking which requires that if participants are to criticize their ‘opponent idea, they should criticize the strongest version. _2X° The principle of critical thinking which requires that participants in rational discussion should acknowledge that his initial position many not be the most defensible position inAC The principle of critical thinking which states that if.an argument is steucturally sound, have relevant, acceptable and sufficient premises and provide effective rehurmal 1, then that argument is the best argument. _Ge-The principle of good argument which demends that premises included is a certain ~ argument should be large in number and strong in weight __JE The principle of good angument which requires that a good ngument should include an effdetive rebuttal to all anticipated criticism against a position it held. The principle of critical thinking which requires that one who set forth news ideas are responsible simultaneously 1 provide evidence for his claim _AC The principle of good argument which requires that one who set forth an argument should include premises thal are aoceptable to rational and mature. parson. o PART THREE: SAY TRUE IF THE STATEMENT IS CORRECT AND FALSE IF THE STATEMENT IS FALSE (1 POINT EACH) cies, we typically must look beyond the content a i Ht, In identifying arguments as informal fall te the form of the argument. e& 134 Poor critical thinking typically results in failure to reach one’s goals. A Aa Some fod _» —F 33. According to Boolean interpretation, universal propositions have existential import _F_ 34 Critical thinking can be defined as primarily a negative form of criticism. Bx T_3£ An arguments said to be fallacy when either the reasoning is bad or when the arguer Ce presents a bad argument as good or both. d E36 the fallacy of equivocation occuts when the argument is ambiguous because of error in grammar _T_9f The red herring fallacy is committed when the arguer diverts the attention of the reader or listener by changing the subject to a different but sometimes subtly related one. 136 Cultural relativism is a philosophical idea which asserts that truth is depend on and determined by culture, 7 _F_ 36 Group bias is a variety of socio-centrism which refers to blind following of crowds, 1467 the fallacy of gocident occurs when general rule is wrongly applied to specific context not intended to cover.== Fie segues 8. The quaity of season tion is eines affirmative OF REBALIVE depeading on 10, Whether. Tthas existential immPo™ Maftirms or deniegclass membership Tt denotes one oF moe Cl8sses. The classes itdenotes are EMPLY OF have at leagt one Member moO D> lis particular or universal. Consider the following: “Bither you are with ys or you are a Committed in this argument is A. Begging the question B. Complex question C. False dichotomy D. Suppressed evidence E. Amphiboly. Consider the following immediate inference: Some students are lovers of logic. Therefore, inst us.” The fallacy Using the modern square opposition which alternative makes immediate inference valid? A. Itis false that all students are lovers of logic B. It is true that no students are lovers of logic C. It is false that some students are lovers of logic D. Itis false that no students are lovers of logic E. Some non students are lovers of logic. If you were to make a Venn diagram for the categorical proposition “It is false that All S are P.”, what would you do:red when an arguer draws a conolusion ‘based on too gall D. Hasty generalization E, False cause se then they must have A. Contrary B. Subcontrary C. Subaltemation D. Contradictory E. Undetermined truth value. 14. The principle which requires that each participant in a discussion of @ disputed issue should be willing to accept the fact that he or she is mistaken , which means that one must acknowledge that one *s own initial view may not be the most defensible positionB. The consisensy FOP” C. The burden ofproof principle D. The logical cones PPPS ' ~~, E. The clarity princitls AAG. The doctrines sayoesnethe ideas that truth is mayer af ion 7 ) Socio- centrisi- Cultural relativist™ Subjectivism. Obdjectivis: jectivism. 5 ore Relativism, development and structure of 17. Social Darwinists such as Herbert Spencer hold that the human societies can be explained in terms of evolutionary of the fittest. But} rejet Social Darwinism because Spencer Was 2 © al bonehead. principles such as the survival ‘A. Appeal to force. B, Appeal to people. €. Tu queve. 1; Ad hominem abusive — FE, Ad hominem circumstantial ~~ 18. Mr, Johnson argues that we should stop eating mest But did you know that Mr. Johnson owns the Vegetables Forever Produce Company? Ob yes, hestands to gain a lot financially speaking, if the rest of us become vegetarians I think we can safely ignore his line of argument. ‘A. Tu queue B. Ad hominem abusive. C. Straw man D. Red herring F¢ Ad hominem circumstantial,Old World Merlot isthe bey, 19. Intelligent, refined peo insist "SBE best wines. Ang out red wine available, obviously: OM World Merlot is tor you A. Division. B. Complex question C, False dichotomy. D. Snobbery. E. Vanity. 20. The schoo! needs a fooball eam. LOPE YOU agree. One cing 18M tell you for sure: If you want to ft in around here, you'll see this issue the way the Fest FMS do, And we all think the school needs @ football team. A. Appeal to pity. B. Appeal to force, C. Appeal to people. D. Accident. E. Red herring 21. The Germans are mostly Lutheran. Karl Schmidt is a German. Accordingly, Karl is mostly Lutheran, ‘A. Complex question B. Begging the question. C. Composition D. Division. E. Equivocation. | 22. My grandfather Joe is a child. No child should have to work for @ living, So, Grandfather «Joe should not have to work fora living ‘A. Amphiboly. B. Equivocation. C. Complex question, D. Begging the question E. Composition lilileary lop A dT) A i it a) peat definition SSIES @ meaning to q term by specifying perimental procedur determine w1 ther oF not a term aPplies toa certain thing Peri 2) An epistemological natiition assigns meaning ne” Word by disclosing the term's ance is own language and othe, languages a ne HRS aay in bt G)A term is ambiguous if ee ate bordetine cases in which they, applies {G) The definiendum isthe word, or SOUP Of Words, tobe defined (GS) The Intension of a term is the Object in the (© The ext World picked out by nsion, have the same exte Herpreted as having more i itions are very accurate definitions. finitions equate the word being del erm determines its int (7) “Easter bunny” and “Santa Claus’ (8) Ambiguous terms can he (9) Overly narrow def (10) Synonymous det extension in given coutent ined with another word that fas the saan nal meaning Ve Dhrsctions my wet fe i whch lry coe ane ‘ich number and lL Fem: ale student of this class room got poor grade in mathematics female nowadays cannot understand maths 2. Mr. Bekalu has just saying is that wom ‘ohannes argues that it's not a good idea for . seal Wants everyone to be a ‘ete what Yohannes wants. But prohibition was Johannes's argument is misguided. 5. Asa result of war broke out between civilians are displaced from their home in that , children’s are dying of Mekele, Bahir Dar and Semera an immediate solution to endl Arsi university final exam+ son, you should not smoke cigarettes because it is bad for your health, Son’ bu ee < per day. Therefore, Your argumeit against the unheulihiness of oT ea Ct informal filly correct des oe na Ww ‘ Be ¢. Adhominem Tu quoque ee Gee ey D. adhominem verbal a following is not fallacious i Ww Sea reaching the courte textes it aaa complains to me department Haileselassie | of Ethiopia is the descendant, ceded, Therefore, we must concluele that Hailesslass| acl {he used to go to night clubs, finitions is provided by the method of genus and difference definition. | HF esent its case against the defende 5 under the ln the defendant 01 dant. Nothing silty.” Appeal to pit c people B: Commits no fallacy sae -ye, which of the following fallacies will arise C. Fallacies of ambiguity jetion. D. None of the above cific task tha person is sen o perform” the gems fermi C.Mis at . crossed my path with empty jar and my joumey was not succeeded. is my that, Which acy is it! . ified p causa D. Missing the point posthoc C. Non eausaproea caer se Last week, Tekeste was sentenced to death due to the crime of treason oe celling, sincothe bes ther] nen ie C. Suppressed evidence D. Fallacy of accident D, Person mneans a fly, wasp, ant, and so on” is an example of class Cd enus and difference re definition. D. demonstrative definition sities in E are becoming conflict grounds and students are forced to withdraw from these! highs institutions. Therefore the solution is obvious; the government must elose down all the universities with ! Which fallacy is committed? C. Hasty generalization D. Suppressed evidence {4.A Fallacy of an inductive nt that proceeds from the knowledge of inadequate sample to some about the whole group is refers: A. Appeal to ignorance C. Unqualified authority By Hasty generalization D. False cause 15: Which one is the most effective technique of definition that produces all of th A, Definition by Genus and difference &. Enumerative definition B. Definition by sub class D. Synonymous definition ‘No one has ever been able to Prove from where UFO (Unknown Flayi i from. therefore conclude that UFO comes from Mars.” Which fallacy is it? re ee 2 e five types of definitions? 6,CC. Weak analogy D. Appeal to unqualified authority Po ignorance |v, Identify whether cach of the following definitions are Stipulatly Theoretical, Lex , or Persuasive. (2 points each) pacity to reason, an institutionalized belief in fairy tales that undermines our e molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom ne, in relation to a sport ear, being able to accelerate from zero to sixty miles per hour in S seconds oF less 1s (1) a skill or trade, (2) eunning, (3) a small boat. igeligion’ means—_ ead thie passages given below ana B. Si nan fall 4 m tu qu B ole ti An instant dural A. Equivocat A. Straw man B, AccidentPart Four; Identify the fallacy comsible ment9, ee idacoay sectarcc kus Ws ican Sita oo uufficient evidence, with wn C. Forces the others into accept ot ), When the time is up x E. Al , a pr does mot indicate il fs wt ons and evident mn prabictynienee of which requ C. Using false re D. Inan argument, assuming something the nt E, Allof the above ve ‘acy typically affects disjunctive syHtogient deductive Which one of the following ! argument? THINKINGrespective fallacy Aa all (1.5 points 4 istitutions 5. Either you graduate wit of the rest of your life The ‘ st of your life, you better graduate with sige 6. Nobody, ne ala playing pool. As a‘result, it 6a: likely that Chv,Yacabey of Sect Semmes se Hemanstion ca of the quemmnom paper 2d Fates \f ot i imemrvest (pt gosta) = arty decreases > a a good from bed reasoning: 1 bn fallacies of weak inducvon the premises are loge lly uretevant wo the comclusioe 4 Formal fallacy can be identified through 2 me ingestion of the structure of an argument 5A word os ambeguous if t has two of more dist! meanings in particular context Part-I, choose the appropriate amen sr frome the £1 .< chock Thes definition is A. synonymous C. Demonstrative B. Etymologscal D. gems and difference = S#Madda Walabu University College of Social Science & Hu ivies & Ethical Studies Department Final Exam 50% one lh Naw id. ; L Mu. ea 4s each) || Which one of the following is Wrong about critical thinking? A. Wis a partial investigation of data and facts ba \ B. It is a wide range of cognitive skills and intellectual dispositions C. itis methods of applying logical inquiry and feasoving D. Its thinking Slearly, fairly, rationally, objectively, and independently to be effective, only if, it meets A. Principles of good argument 2. A discussion is said B. Principles that dictate Individuals not to accep thes inal postion is flible C: Principles of critical thinking D.AandC 3. Among the following standards of critical thinki genuine information A. Precision ing, one is concemed about comect or Prosperous country in the coming year. Mr. A. Sociocenterism B. Relativist thinking 5 The principle of charity refers to; A. The burden of proving one’s positions B. Expressing an opponents’ argument in its strongest ve C. Suspending judgment about the isue at handToday the prog, Pest oF creeping federalisa: threatens to tib euch of us of our cherished think and how to 3] mak rae Peak: They. went to-tell us how to raise our kida and run. our schools. NS mind controll Abolish the federal income tie. ALA i : aL Seainst the person, circumstantial _C. Appeal io the people Argument against the person, abusive 1D. Appeal to pity 15. Kitaw Bjigu, e Bjigu, who is a well-known astronomer, says that AIDS epidemic is caused by is nothing anyone can do about it. Therefore, Perverse alignment of the planets, and that thete we c San only conclude that all of these efforts to find a cure for AIDS are a waste of time. ‘A. Appeal to ignorance , Hasty generalization B. Appeal to unqualified authority D. No fallacy 16. Tesfahun argues that, “one person's trash is another person's treasure’. No one should listen his argument, He is the one who leads his life by collecting treasure from trashes, A. Argument against the person, abusive C. Argument against the person, circumstantial B. Appeal to pity 1D. Appeal to the people 17. There are more schools and clinics in rural Oromia than ever before. The only explanatory factor is the commitment of the government to lift its people out of poverty. A. Suppressed evidence @hahuethiopia—C. Non causa pro causa B. Oversimplified cause D, Post hoe ergo propter hoc 18, There is nothing special about your girlfriend. Either she is beautiful and dumb or she ugly‘and intelligent. Girls are like that! A. Weak Analogy: C. Accident D. No fallacy B. Hasty generalization ). The FDRE constitution has gunranteed citizens the right to assembly. Therefore, Abeba has the right to throw (arrange) party at somtebody’s home. ©, Accident A, Hasty generalization D. Post hoe ergo propter hoe B, Converse accident 20, There are more churches in Hawassa City than in any other city in the nation, end more ‘crimes are committed in Hawassa City than anywhere else, So, if we are to eliminate crime, we must abolish the churches. E C, Oversimplified cause A. Non causa pro causa. 1D. Hasty generalization B. Post hoc ergo propter hoc 21. Everything that runs has fect. ‘The Nile Kiver runs 10 the desert of Byypt Therefore, TheC. Appeal & D. Division A. Weak analogy neralization 22. Chevrolet car 1s pot for everyone. hed classic car may be seen and driven by British Royal family. A. Appeal te bandwagon C, Appeal to vanity B. Appeal to snobbery D. Appeal to ignorance 24, Whenever | wear green socks on the day of logic exam, logic grade goes up. That is why | B. Hast If you qualify as one of the selected few, this green socks to wear on the days of the test. -ausa pro canes C. Post hoc ergo propter hoc B. Oversimplified cause D. Appeal to pity 24, No one bas ever proved thst UFO exisis. Therefore, UFO does not exist. C. Appeal to ignorance B. Weak amlogy aL SUMOPIa a 25. The position open in the accounting department should be given to Abraham, Abrham has six hungry children to feed, and bis wife desperately needs an operation to save her eyesight. A. Hasty generali A. Appeal to pity Claes B. Appeal to the people naw = 26. Murder is morally wnomg. This being the ease, it follows that abortion as morally wr A. Suppressed evidence Flue coe B, Begging the question 27. Bither Addis Ababe or Hawassa is the capital of Ethiopia. Hi Ethiopia. Therefore, Addis Ababa is a capital of Ethiopia. A. False dichotomy B. Complex question 28. You should do whatever you can to back our people of the zone behind it, ifyou do not suppyr 30, It's always the ‘unloaded gun that kills someone. ‘Therefore, ¥! jonded. jou should always keep gua ‘A. Red herring C. Suppressed evidence B, Missing the point 'D. Appeal to ignorance sy te awe ach naive Cy lt ST ‘ttow the prayer, they will arrange @ religious conference in the university. If we allow vctou enfrece cy wil un out teaver ito eliginsineiton fore, we should stop students from preaching in the University. @hahuethioplastein eon — pan of the p ronal icteas efther in the dictionaries and. report the 1, Tracomplex question fallacy we may get aves ‘or the conchision ‘orion dened 2, Lexical definitions are the Kinds of definitions found tc abiguit re er ttn othe spe ei opal defi Detiltion by genus and diference is tae moa efective fechas oY for producing all types of definitions. ‘An iestiondl definigon of a term wsially determines the extension® and vice versa The fallacy ef composition is von component parts to the whole. Part 11: Multiple Choices (1.5 Pts. Fach) 1 about definition in logic hold the truth valve. ion to the definition of terms: the onribates of when we legitimately tant Identiffy the staremem which is cor are vague and necessarily sional desert 1 A. All torms under lexical definition B. The role of definiens is always projected to offer © definiendun C. In bo asive and stipulative definitions the wltimaie objective is 1 885188 meaning which bas ath Word bi re are borderline cases where it is ir 1 decide whether they app! x meanings do not have sh A type of definition that ass fier new phenomena/des ©. F finition D. st definition five million squar 3.pens iain “the devout Mi “Tha, Mary A. Missing the po ‘o stop gaming and watching television in her eae, s <1 TV adkietion problot. The fallaoy bere bs int : B Accident Which 1 es ae Maneatis sequen of tr nov nb der incest versity of Gondir student, rtm anal sade oval anienal,siudeus, University of Guadar sae nar student, stident, rational animal, mammal, aniiah et\4.ie's impossible fo be an atheist in a country where in God Allah, Thus, you too should believe in God" A. Appeal to snobbery B. Appeal to vanity 15, *Valemwvork Jenberu won the Fans Lam sexy’. The fallacy here is: A, Appeal to people M Cresinglifodin 9, Nessouua Pe ee 16.*Rophinan’s new album is so dope. Even Malate ASHER Ethiopia's composer, i supposedly impressed by 1. The fallacy ere is: rere el Cae BL Appeal to snobbery eel 17, "You elie cet marcy a feminis| do, she will boss you around. a ra sxith contempt and derision. You'll be ted from your male ‘buddies, You won't ha Sateen over marry a ferninist”. Te fallacy here ‘A. Post hoe ‘C. Non-causa pro causa B, Oversimplitication 18. A son of fallacy which is committe Jang the original subject to some slightly is ¢c Hominem Circumstantial D. Ad Hominem Tu Quogue enced what ean only be described as magical activity €, Post hoe enowned {IF you ry slope tion of the listener by 9, “Magic is real because I have exper be pe of fallacy committed in this argument is: Supesses evienee C. Begging the question " protection needs to be given priority is nonsense, . ry in bares sees | her opinion, Just look at her face, eae ee sa this noble idea can be suggested by Was to jegested by such an awful faced woman’, The fallacy a aeace. Circumstantial C. Tu quoque fallacy Ad hominem 4 i a = eer and thc ct ecco D. Appeal to Force toa friend back you meet in the airport is rude. You send a country is rude’. The fallacy is: C, Converse Accident ea and vomiting. Therefore, Mr. Olivier _ Slippery Slope Fallacy has become pregnant’. The fallacy is; Wea Analog £ lene *24, “Those who are not with ws are our enemies" th A. False cause B. Post hoe fallacy 25, ‘Reptiles include siike A. Definition by subela B. Lexical definition neory of evolution is the ro0t ea secular bum 26. ‘Darwin's th The curse of communist, cope: Sublcation of "he Origin of Se! ‘A. Red herr 1B. False cause Falla 27. Behan ‘Hased on the arguments animals for food and clothing ‘nregasty; “But you are wearin How enn you say that using animals for above argument ‘A. Red herr B. Youu 28.1f such actions ars mot iNew A. Appeal 10 i B. Bejging the quest “Stephen Hawking. the Has Bee B. 4d Hominem &