REPUBLIC ACTS

AND
PRESIDENTIAL DECREES

LABAROZA, KIM AZENETH T.

BS CRIMINOLOGY 3-A
REPUBLIC ACT No. 4136
AN ACT TO COMPILE THE LAWS RELATIVE TO LAND TRANSPORTATION
AND TRAFFIC RULES, TO CREATE A LAND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Republic Act No. 4136, known as the "Land Transportation and Traffic Code," was enacted in
the Philippines to establish regulations and guidelines related to land transportation and
traffic, along with creating a governing body to oversee these aspects. Here are the main
features:

1. Land Transportation Commission Creation: The Act established the Land

Transportation Commission (LTC), which is responsible for enforcing the law and ensuring
the efficient and safe management of land transportation in the Philippines. It later became
the Land Transportation Office (LTO).
2. Driver and Vehicle Registration: RA 4136 mandates that all motor vehicles and drivers
must be properly registered and licensed. It outlines the process for issuing driver’s licenses,
including different classifications and types of licenses based on vehicle categories and driver
expertise.
3. Traffic Regulations and Road Safety: The Act provides detailed rules on road safety,
including speed limits, traffic signs, and general traffic guidelines. It aims to reduce road
accidents by implementing strict compliance with these standards.
4. Penalties for Violations: The Act includes a system of penalties for violating traffic rules,
such as reckless driving, over-speeding, and driving under the influence. Fines, suspensions,
and even imprisonment are specified to deter violations.
5. Motor Vehicle Inspection: To ensure the safety and roadworthiness of vehicles, the Act
requires regular inspection and compliance with standards on emissions, safety equipment,
and mechanical condition.
6. Public Transportation and Franchises: The Act also outlines provisions for regulating
public utility vehicles (PUVs), including requirements for franchises and permits. It aims to
improve public transportation services and protect commuter safety.

RA 4136 provides a comprehensive legal framework that aims to ensure the orderly operation
of land transportation, promote road safety, and establish accountability for drivers and
vehicle owners in the Philippines.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 6539
AN ACT PREVENTING AND PENALIZING CARNAPPING
Republic Act No. 6539, also known as the Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972, addresses the
prevention of carnapping (vehicle theft) in the Philippines. Here are its main features:

1. Definition of Carnapping: RA 6539 defines carnapping as the taking, stealing, or

unauthorized possession of a motor vehicle without the owner’s consent, regardless of
whether violence or intimidation is used.
2. Penalties for Carnapping: The Act imposes strict penalties based on the circumstances of
the crime:
- If no violence or intimidation was used, imprisonment of 14 to 17 years.
- If violence or intimidation was used, imprisonment of 17 to 30 years.
- If the victim was killed or raped, the penalty may include life imprisonment.
3. Ownership Documents Requirement: All registered motor vehicles are required to carry
proof of ownership, such as the Certificate of Registration or an Official Receipt, to prevent
unauthorized transfers and discourage vehicle theft.
4. Confiscation and Inspection of Vehicles: Law enforcement officers have the authority to
confiscate and inspect vehicles suspected of being carnapped or involved in unlawful
activities. Vehicles without proper documentation are subject to detention for verification.
5. Vehicle Identification and Record-Keeping: The Act mandates vehicle owners to
maintain accurate identification records, such as chassis and engine numbers, which are
crucial for recovery and to track stolen vehicles.
6. Penalties for Forgery and Falsification: RA 6539 also penalizes individuals involved in
falsifying vehicle documents, using tampered or stolen license plates, or altering vehicle
identification numbers, with additional imprisonment and fines.
7. Responsibility of Vehicle Dealers and Repair Shops: The Act requires vehicle dealers
and repair shops to report transactions involving parts from vehicles suspected to be stolen.
Failure to comply can lead to penalties.

RA 6539 provides a comprehensive framework to combat carnapping, ensuring strict

penalties, mandatory documentation, and collaboration with law enforcement to curb vehicle
theft and protect vehicle owners in the Philippines.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 5448
An Act Imposing a Tax on Privately Owned Passenger Automobiles, Motorcycles and
Scooters, and a Science Stamp Tax, to Constitute a Special Science Fund, Defining the
Programs, Projects and Activities of Science Agencies to be Financed Therefrom and for
Other Purposes
1. Vehicle Tax Imposition: RA 5448 imposes a tax on privately owned passenger
automobiles, motorcycles, and scooters. This tax is intended to generate funds that support
scientific research and development initiatives.
2. Science Stamp Tax: A science stamp tax is also imposed under this Act. It requires certain
documents, receipts, and transactions to carry a science stamp, which adds a small fee
dedicated to the Science Fund.
3. Establishment of a Special Science Fund: The funds collected from vehicle and science
stamp taxes are pooled into a Special Science Fund. This fund is dedicated to financing
various programs, projects, and activities of Philippine science agencies, fostering
advancements in science and technology.
4. Funding Allocation for Science and Technology Programs: The Act defines how the
Special Science Fund should be utilized, prioritizing programs that encourage innovation and
scientific research. This includes allocations for scientific education, technology
development, research projects, and the enhancement of science infrastructure.
5. Support for Science Agencies: RA 5448 allocates funding to government science
agencies, allowing them to implement new projects and programs aimed at advancing
national scientific capabilities, including the development of new technologies and research
breakthroughs.
6. Promotion of National Scientific Development: By generating a dedicated revenue
stream, the Act aims to enhance the Philippines' capabilities in science and technology,
reduce reliance on foreign technology, and support the country's progress in these fields.

RA 5448, through its vehicle and stamp taxes, ensures sustained financial support for
scientific and technological development in the Philippines, driving initiatives that are
essential for national growth and innovation.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749 AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A COMPREHENSIVE AIR
POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Republic Act No. 8749, also known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999, aims to protect
the environment and promote sustainable development by managing and reducing air
pollution. Here are the key features of this law:
1. Declaration of Policies: RA 8749 emphasizes the right of every Filipino to breathe
clean air. It establishes the State’s responsibility to protect and enhance air quality to
promote public health and the ecosystem.
2. National Air Quality Management Framework: The Act mandates the Department
of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) to develop an air quality management
framework to create standards and strategies for reducing pollution from various
sources.
3. Ambient Air Quality Standards: The Act sets limits for common air pollutants like
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, lead, and
ozone. These standards aim to protect public health and guide industries in meeting
safe emission levels.
4. Emission Standards for Motor Vehicles and Industrial Sources: The Act enforces
strict emission standards for vehicles and industries. It requires regular emission
testing for vehicles, the use of cleaner fuels, and the installation of pollution control
devices in industrial facilities.
5. Ban on Incineration: RA 8749 prohibits the use of incinerators for burning
municipal, bio-medical, and hazardous wastes. Instead, it promotes waste reduction,
recycling, and composting to manage waste sustainably.
6. Pollution Control and Regulation of Hazardous Pollutants: The Act provides
measures to control hazardous pollutants, such as requiring industries to monitor,
report, and mitigate emissions of harmful substances that may pose a significant risk
to public health.
7. Public Awareness and Participation: The law encourages public involvement by
ensuring citizens are informed about air quality and pollution sources in their
communities. Public hearings and consultations are required before issuing pollution
permits for certain industries.
8. Establishment of the Air Quality Management Fund: This fund supports research,
programs, and projects related to air quality management, as well as rehabilitation
projects for areas affected by pollution.
9. Enforcement and Penalties: Violations of RA 8749, such as non-compliance with
emission standards or improper waste disposal, are subject to penalties, including
fines, suspension of operations, and even imprisonment for severe offenses.

RA 8749 represents a comprehensive approach to reducing air pollution in the Philippines,

establishing regulations, promoting public awareness, and fostering sustainable practices to
ensure cleaner air and a healthier environment.
Republic Act No. 8750 August 5, 1999
AN ACT REQUIRING THE MANDATORY COMPLIANCE BY MOTORISTS OF
PRIVATE AND PUBLIC VEHICLES TO USE SEAT BELT DEVICES, AND
REQUIRING VEHICLE MANUFACTURERS TO INSTALL SEAT BELT DEVICES
IN ALL THEIR MANUFACTURED VEHICLES
Republic Act No. 8750, also known as the Seat Belts Use Act of 1999, was enacted to
promote road safety in the Philippines by mandating the use of seat belts in vehicles. Here are
the key features of the law:
1. Mandatory Use of Seat Belts: RA 8750 requires all drivers and passengers of motor
vehicles to wear seat belts at all times. This applies to both front and rear passengers,
emphasizing the importance of seat belts in reducing injuries during accidents.
2. Application to Public and Private Vehicles: The law applies to all private vehicles,
as well as public utility vehicles (PUVs), including taxis, buses, and jeepneys.
However, it exempts tricycles and motorcycles from the seat belt requirement.
3. Driver Responsibility: Drivers are responsible for ensuring that front-seat passengers
use seat belts. In the case of children below six years old, they are prohibited from
sitting in the front seat of a vehicle.
4. Installation of Seat Belts in Vehicles: The Act mandates that all motor vehicles
manufactured, assembled, or imported for sale in the Philippines must be equipped
with seat belts for both front and rear seats. This is aimed at ensuring all vehicles meet
safety standards.
5. Penalties for Non-Compliance: Drivers and passengers who fail to wear seat belts
are subject to fines. Additionally, the penalties increase for repeated offenses:
o First offense: PHP 100 fine
o Second offense: PHP 200 fine
o Third and subsequent offenses: PHP 500 fine Failure to comply with seat belt
regulations may also lead to the suspension of a driver’s license for habitual
violators.
6. Exemptions: Certain individuals may be exempted from wearing seat belts if they
have a medical condition certified by a licensed physician that prohibits them from
wearing one. They must carry a physician’s certificate while in the vehicle.
7. Public Awareness Campaigns: The law requires the Land Transportation Office
(LTO) to implement programs to increase public awareness of the importance of seat
belt use. This includes campaigns and educational initiatives to promote road safety.
RA 8750 is designed to minimize injuries and fatalities from road accidents by enforcing seat
belt use, thereby enhancing the safety of drivers and passengers in the Philippines.
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10913
An Act Defining and Penalizing Distracted Driving
Republic Act No. 10913, also known as the Anti-Distracted Driving Act, was enacted in the
Philippines to address the growing problem of distracted driving and improve road safety.
Here are the key features of the law:
1. Definition of Distracted Driving: RA 10913 defines distracted driving as operating a
motor vehicle while using mobile communication devices or electronic gadgets for
various purposes, such as texting, calling, or browsing the internet. The use of these
devices is restricted when a vehicle is in motion or temporarily stopped (e.g., at a red
light).
2. Prohibited Actions: The law prohibits drivers from using mobile devices to write,
send, or read text-based communications, make or receive calls, and use social media
or gaming applications while driving. Holding and operating any device in a manner
that causes distraction is also prohibited.
3. Allowed Use of Devices: The law allows the use of mobile devices in hands-free
mode, such as through speakerphone or earphones, provided that the device is not
physically held. This means drivers can use voice-activated or hands-free functions to
make calls or listen to audio while driving.
4. Emergency Exceptions: The Act provides exemptions for emergency situations,
allowing drivers to use their mobile devices to contact emergency services, such as
police, fire, or medical assistance.
5. Scope of Application: The law applies to all public and private motor vehicles,
including motorcycles. It aims to reduce distractions for all types of drivers, from
private car owners to public utility vehicle (PUV) drivers.
6. Penalties for Violations: RA 10913 imposes fines for violations to discourage
distracted driving:
o First offense: PHP 5,000 fine
o Second offense: PHP 10,000 fine
o Third offense: PHP 15,000 fine and a three-month driver’s license suspension
o Subsequent offenses: PHP 20,000 fine and revocation of the driver’s license
7. Enforcement and Monitoring: The Land Transportation Office (LTO), in
coordination with the Department of Transportation (DOTr) and other law
enforcement agencies, is responsible for enforcing the law. These agencies conduct
regular monitoring and apprehend violators as part of ensuring road safety.
8. Public Awareness Campaigns: The law mandates the government to implement
information campaigns to educate drivers and the public about the dangers of
distracted driving and the importance of adhering to the Anti-Distracted Driving Act.
RA 10913 is designed to prevent road accidents caused by distractions, ensuring that drivers
focus on the road, thus promoting safer driving practices across the Philippines.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 96 January 13, 1973
DECLARING UNLAWFUL THE USE OR ATTACHMENT OF SIRENS, BELLS,
HORNS, WHISTLES OR SIMILAR GADGETS THAT EMIT EXCEPTIONALLY
LOUD OR STARTLING SOUNDS, INCLUDING DOMELIGHTS AND OTHER
SIGNALLING OR FLASHING DEVICES ON MOTOR VEHICLES AND
PROVIDING CERTAIN EXCEPTIONS THEREFOR
Presidential Decree No. 96, enacted on January 13, 1973, declares unlawful the use or
attachment of sirens, bells, horns, whistles, or similar devices that produce exceptionally loud
or startling sounds on motor vehicles, while providing specific exceptions. Here are the
salient features of PD 96:
1. Prohibition of Loud Devices: The decree prohibits the use of sirens, bells, horns,
whistles, or other gadgets that emit exceptionally loud or startling sounds on motor
vehicles to maintain public peace and reduce noise pollution.
2. Definition of Unlawful Devices: PD 96 clearly defines what constitutes unlawful
devices, including sirens, bells, and similar signaling devices that can cause
disturbances or alarm to the public.
3. Exceptions: The decree outlines specific exceptions to the prohibition, allowing
certain emergency vehicles (such as police cars, ambulances, and fire trucks) to use
sirens and other signaling devices as necessary for public safety and emergency
response.
4. Regulation of Flashing Lights: In addition to sound devices, the decree addresses the
use of domelights and other signaling or flashing devices, imposing regulations to
limit their use on non-emergency vehicles.
5. Public Safety Considerations: The primary aim of the decree is to enhance public
safety by reducing noise levels in urban and residential areas, thereby preventing
disturbances and promoting a more peaceful environment.
6. Enforcement Authority: The decree designates law enforcement agencies to enforce
its provisions, ensuring compliance among vehicle operators and addressing
violations appropriately.
7. Penalties for Violations: PD 96 stipulates penalties for individuals or entities that
violate the prohibition, promoting accountability and discouraging the use of loud
signaling devices on vehicles.
8. Awareness Campaigns: The decree may include provisions for public awareness
campaigns to educate vehicle owners and the public about the regulations regarding
the use of loud devices and their impact on community peace.
9. Monitoring and Compliance: Law enforcement agencies are tasked with monitoring
compliance with the decree, ensuring that unauthorized devices are not used on motor
vehicles.
10. Long-term Noise Control Strategy: PD 96 reflects a commitment to long-term noise
control strategies, recognizing the negative effects of excessive noise on public health
and well-being.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 96 aims to regulate the use of loud signaling devices on
motor vehicles to enhance public safety and minimize noise pollution, thereby contributing to
a more orderly and peaceful community environment.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 101 January 19, 1973 EXPEDITING THE METHODS
IN PRESCRIBING, REDEFINING OR MODIFYING THE LINES AND MODES OF
OPERATION OF PUBLIC UTILITY MOTOR VEHICLES IN THE PHILIPPINES
Presidential Decree No. 101, enacted on January 19, 1973, aims to expedite the processes
involved in prescribing, redefining, or modifying the lines and modes of operation of public
utility motor vehicles in the Philippines. Here are the salient features of PD 101:
1. Streamlined Procedures: The decree establishes streamlined procedures for the
regulation of public utility motor vehicles, aiming to simplify the process of defining
and modifying routes and service operations.
2. Authority of the Bureau of Land Transportation: PD 101 empowers the Bureau of
Land Transportation (BLT) to implement the provisions of the decree, granting it
authority to prescribe and modify routes for public utility vehicles (PUVs) efficiently.
3. Regulatory Framework: The decree provides a comprehensive regulatory
framework for the operation of public utility motor vehicles, including buses,
jeepneys, taxis, and other forms of transport that serve the public.
4. Public Utility Vehicle Routes: PD 101 outlines the criteria and processes for
determining the routes of public utility vehicles, ensuring that transportation services
are responsive to the needs of commuters and the overall public transport system.
5. Modifications and Adjustments: The decree facilitates modifications and
adjustments to existing routes and services based on demand, operational efficiency,
and other relevant factors, enabling a more dynamic transportation system.
6. Public Involvement: PD 101 encourages public consultations and stakeholder
involvement in the decision-making process related to route adjustments and the
operation of public utility vehicles, ensuring that the needs of commuters are taken
into account.
7. Improving Public Transportation: The overarching goal of the decree is to enhance
the efficiency and reliability of public transportation services in the Philippines,
ultimately benefiting commuters and improving overall accessibility.
8. Monitoring and Compliance: The Bureau of Land Transportation is tasked with
monitoring compliance with the regulations established under PD 101, ensuring that
public utility vehicles operate within the prescribed lines and modes.
9. Penalties for Non-compliance: The decree includes provisions for penalties for
public utility vehicle operators who fail to comply with the prescribed regulations,
promoting accountability and adherence to the established framework.
10. Adaptation to Changing Needs: PD 101 recognizes the importance of adapting
public utility vehicle operations to meet the changing needs of the population,
allowing for flexibility in response to demographic and economic shifts.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 101 aims to enhance the public transportation system in the
Philippines by expediting regulatory processes, ensuring that public utility motor vehicles
operate efficiently and effectively while meeting the needs of the commuting public.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 207 June 6, 1973 RATIFYING THE 1968 VIENNA
CONVENTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS ON ROAD TRAFFIC AND ROAD
SIGNS AND SIGNALS, RESPECTIVELY.
Presidential Decree No. 207, enacted on June 6, 1973, ratifies the 1968 Vienna Conventions
of the United Nations on Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals. Here are the salient
features of PD 207:
1. Ratification of International Agreements: The decree officially ratifies two key
international agreements: the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic and the 1968
Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, affirming the Philippines'
commitment to adhere to these global standards.
2. Harmonization of Traffic Rules: By ratifying the Vienna Convention on Road
Traffic, the decree aims to harmonize traffic rules and regulations in the Philippines
with those established internationally, promoting safer and more efficient road use.
3. Standardization of Road Signs and Signals: The ratification of the Vienna
Convention on Road Signs and Signals facilitates the standardization of road signs
and signals in the Philippines, making them consistent with international practices to
improve road safety and comprehension for both local and foreign drivers.
4. Traffic Safety Measures: The decree emphasizes the importance of implementing
traffic safety measures in line with the conventions, thereby enhancing road safety for
all users, including pedestrians, cyclists, and motorists.
5. National Implementation: PD 207 mandates relevant government agencies to
implement the provisions of the conventions, ensuring that local traffic laws, road
signs, and signals are aligned with international standards.
6. Coordination Among Government Agencies: The decree encourages collaboration
among various government agencies, such as the Department of Transportation and
the Bureau of Land Transportation, to effectively enforce and promote the standards
set by the conventions.
7. Awareness and Education Campaigns: PD 207 supports the development of
awareness and education campaigns to inform the public about the changes and
benefits of adhering to the standardized traffic rules and road signs as stipulated in the
conventions.
8. Monitoring and Compliance: The decree may include provisions for the monitoring
of compliance with the conventions and the evaluation of their effectiveness in
improving road traffic safety.
9. Legal Framework for Traffic Violations: The ratification establishes a legal
framework for addressing traffic violations in accordance with the international
standards set by the conventions, facilitating appropriate penalties and enforcement
measures.
10. Long-term Road Safety Goals: PD 207 reflects a commitment to long-term road
safety goals, recognizing that adherence to international conventions can significantly
contribute to reducing road traffic accidents and fatalities.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 207 serves to align the Philippines with international road
traffic standards, enhancing road safety, and improving the overall efficiency of the
transportation system within the country.
PD 612 ORDAINING AND INSTITUTING AN INSURANCE CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
Presidential Decree No. 612, also known as the Insurance Code of the Philippines, was
enacted to regulate the insurance industry in the Philippines comprehensively. Here are the
salient features of PD 612:
1. Comprehensive Insurance Regulation: The decree provides a complete legal
framework for the insurance industry in the Philippines, covering various types of
insurance including life, non-life, and health insurance.
2. Licensing and Registration: PD 612 mandates that all insurance companies must
secure a license from the Insurance Commission before they can operate. This ensures
that only qualified and financially stable entities can provide insurance services.
3. Insurance Commission: The decree establishes the Insurance Commission as the
regulatory body responsible for overseeing and enforcing insurance laws. The
Commission has the authority to approve insurance products, regulate rates, and
ensure compliance with the law.
4. Consumer Protection: PD 612 emphasizes the protection of policyholders' rights. It
requires clear and fair terms in insurance contracts and provides mechanisms for
resolving disputes between insurers and insured parties.
5. Financial Requirements: The decree sets financial requirements for insurance
companies, including minimum capital and surplus requirements, to ensure that
insurers have the financial capacity to meet their obligations to policyholders.
6. Policy Forms and Provisions: The Insurance Code outlines requirements for the
forms and provisions of insurance policies, including mandatory disclosures and the
inclusion of standard clauses to protect policyholders.
7. Examination and Audit: The Insurance Commission is authorized to conduct
examinations and audits of insurance companies to assess their financial health and
compliance with regulatory standards.
8. Reinsurance Regulations: PD 612 includes provisions regarding reinsurance,
establishing rules for insurance companies to manage their risks effectively through
reinsurance arrangements.
9. Penalties for Violations: The decree outlines penalties for insurance companies and
individuals that violate the provisions of the Insurance Code. These penalties may
include fines, suspension, or revocation of licenses.
10. Transitional Provisions: PD 612 includes provisions to transition existing insurance
companies to the new regulatory framework, ensuring a smooth adaptation to the new
laws and regulations.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 612 serves as the foundational legal framework for the
insurance industry in the Philippines, promoting a well-regulated, transparent, and consumer-
friendly insurance environment while ensuring the financial stability of insurance providers.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1686 March 19, 1980 IMPOSING A TAX ON EVERY
MOTOR VEHICLE EQUIPPED WITH AIR CONDITIONER
Presidential Decree No. 1686, enacted on March 19, 1980, imposes a tax on every motor
vehicle equipped with an air conditioning system in the Philippines. Here are the salient
features of PD 1686:
1. Imposition of Tax: The decree mandates the collection of a tax on all motor vehicles
equipped with air conditioning units, recognizing the additional luxury and
environmental considerations associated with such vehicles.
2. Tax Rates: PD 1686 specifies the tax rates applicable to different types of vehicles
equipped with air conditioning systems. The rates may vary depending on the type or
class of the vehicle, such as passenger cars, commercial vehicles, and others.
3. Collection and Administration: The decree outlines the procedures for the collection
of the air conditioning tax, including the designated government agency responsible
for its implementation and enforcement. The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)
typically handles tax collection.
4. Exemptions: PD 1686 may provide exemptions or special considerations for specific
types of vehicles, such as those used for public transportation, emergency services, or
other essential purposes.
5. Purpose of the Tax: The revenue generated from the tax is intended to support
government programs and initiatives related to transportation, infrastructure
development, and environmental protection.
6. Regulations for Compliance: The decree sets forth regulations to ensure compliance
with the tax provisions, including requirements for vehicle owners to declare their
vehicles' air conditioning systems when registering or renewing their registrations.
7. Penalties for Non-compliance: PD 1686 outlines penalties for individuals or entities
that fail to comply with the tax provisions, which may include fines or other legal
repercussions.
8. Public Awareness: The decree may promote public awareness regarding the tax on
air-conditioned vehicles, encouraging compliance among vehicle owners and
operators.
9. Review and Adjustment of Tax Rates: PD 1686 includes provisions for the periodic
review and adjustment of tax rates to reflect changes in economic conditions, vehicle
technology, and environmental policies.
10. Implementation Timeline: The decree specifies the timeline for the implementation
of the tax, including the effective date and any transitional provisions for existing
vehicle owners.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 1686 aims to regulate the use of air conditioning in motor
vehicles through taxation, addressing environmental concerns while generating revenue for
government initiatives related to transportation and public welfare.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1181
PROVIDING FOR THE PREVENTION, CONTROL AND ABATEMENT OF AIR
POLLUTION FROM MOTOR VEHICLES AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Presidential Decree No. 1181, enacted in the Philippines, focuses on the prevention, control,
and abatement of air pollution from motor vehicles. Here are the salient features of PD 1181:
1. Objectives: The decree aims to reduce air pollution caused by motor vehicles, protect
public health, and enhance environmental quality by implementing measures to
control emissions.
2. Regulation of Motor Vehicle Emissions: PD 1181 establishes standards and
regulations for emissions from motor vehicles, including allowable limits for harmful
pollutants. These standards apply to all types of motor vehicles operating in the
Philippines.
3. Certification of Motor Vehicles: The decree mandates the certification of motor
vehicles to ensure compliance with emission standards before they can be registered
for use. This process includes emissions testing conducted by authorized agencies.
4. Testing and Monitoring: Regular testing and monitoring of motor vehicle emissions
are required to ensure ongoing compliance with established standards. The Bureau of
Land Transportation is responsible for implementing these testing protocols.
5. Installation of Emission Control Devices: PD 1181 encourages the use of emission
control devices and technologies in vehicles to minimize harmful emissions. This
includes catalytic converters and other pollution control systems.
6. Penalties for Non-compliance: The decree prescribes penalties for motor vehicle
owners and operators who fail to comply with emission standards and regulations.
These penalties may include fines, suspension of vehicle registration, and other legal
consequences.
7. Public Awareness and Education: PD 1181 promotes public awareness campaigns to
educate the public about the impact of air pollution from motor vehicles and the
importance of complying with emission standards.
8. Collaboration with Other Agencies: The decree encourages collaboration between
the Bureau of Land Transportation, local government units, and other relevant
agencies to ensure effective implementation and enforcement of air quality
regulations.
9. Research and Development: The decree supports research and development
initiatives focused on improving vehicle technology and alternative fuels to reduce
emissions and enhance air quality.
10. Review and Adjustment of Standards: PD 1181 includes provisions for the periodic
review and adjustment of emission standards to adapt to technological advancements
and changing environmental conditions.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 1181 seeks to address the issue of air pollution from motor
vehicles in the Philippines, establishing a comprehensive framework for emission control and
promoting a cleaner and healthier environment.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1605 November 21, 1978
GRANTING THE METROPOLITAN MANILA COMMISSION CERTAIN POWERS
RELATED TO TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL IN METROPOLITAN
MANILA, PROVIDING PENALTIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

Presidential Decree No. 1605, enacted on November 21, 1978, grants the Metropolitan
Manila Commission (MMC) specific powers related to traffic management and control in
Metropolitan Manila. Here are the salient features of PD 1605:
1. Grant of Authority: The decree empowers the Metropolitan Manila Commission to
implement and enforce traffic management policies and regulations in Metro Manila,
enhancing its capacity to address traffic-related issues effectively.
2. Traffic Management Powers: The MMC is authorized to:
3. Regulate traffic flow and manage roadways.
4. Establish traffic rules and regulations specific to Metropolitan Manila.
5. Implement measures to reduce traffic congestion and improve road safety.
6. Creation of Traffic Management Programs: PD 1605 encourages the development
of comprehensive traffic management programs that address various aspects of traffic
flow, public transportation, and pedestrian safety.
7. Coordination with Local Government Units (LGUs): The decree emphasizes
collaboration between the MMC and local government units to ensure the effective
implementation of traffic management strategies across the region.
8. Penalties for Traffic Violations: The decree establishes penalties for traffic
violations committed within Metro Manila. These penalties may include fines,
community service, or other disciplinary actions aimed at promoting compliance with
traffic regulations.
9. Establishment of Traffic Enforcement Units: The MMC is empowered to establish
traffic enforcement units to monitor compliance with traffic regulations, apprehend
violators, and enforce traffic laws.
10. Public Awareness Campaigns: PD 1605 promotes public awareness initiatives aimed
at educating the public about traffic rules, safe driving practices, and the importance
of compliance with traffic regulations.
11. Implementation of Traffic Control Devices: The MMC has the authority to install
and maintain traffic control devices, such as traffic lights, signs, and signals, to
enhance traffic flow and safety.
12. Data Collection and Research: The decree encourages the collection of traffic data
and research to assess traffic patterns, evaluate the effectiveness of traffic
management measures, and inform future policies.
13. Review and Amendments: PD 1605 may include provisions for periodic review and
amendments to traffic management policies, ensuring they remain relevant and
responsive to changing traffic conditions in Metropolitan Manila.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 1605 aims to enhance traffic management and control in
Metropolitan Manila, providing the Metropolitan Manila Commission with the authority
and tools necessary to address the region's traffic challenges effectively and improve
overall transportation efficiency.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 98 January 15, 1973
REGULATING THE ISSUANCE OF LICENSE PLATES OF ALL MOTOR
VEHICLES

Presidential Decree No. 98, enacted on January 15, 1973, regulates the issuance of license
plates for all motor vehicles in the Philippines. Here are the salient features of PD 98:
1. Mandatory Registration: The decree requires that all motor vehicles be registered
with the appropriate government agency, ensuring that they have a valid license plate
before they can be legally operated on public roads.
2. Issuance of License Plates: PD 98 establishes the framework for the issuance of
license plates, detailing the requirements and procedures for obtaining plates for
different types of motor vehicles, including private, public, and commercial vehicles.
3. Standardized License Plate Design: The decree may specify the design, size, and
format of license plates, ensuring consistency across all issued plates. This includes
the inclusion of specific information such as the vehicle registration number, the name
of the issuing agency, and other relevant details.
4. License Plate Fees: PD 98 outlines the fees associated with the issuance and renewal
of license plates, providing a framework for revenue collection by the government.
5. Replacement of Lost or Damaged Plates: The decree provides guidelines for the
replacement of lost, stolen, or damaged license plates, ensuring that vehicle owners
can obtain new plates in a streamlined manner.
6. Regulation of Unauthorized Manufacturing: PD 98 prohibits the unauthorized
manufacture, sale, or distribution of license plates, thereby protecting the integrity of
the licensing system and preventing fraud.
7. Penalties for Non-compliance: The decree establishes penalties for individuals or
entities that fail to comply with the regulations regarding the issuance and use of
license plates, including fines and possible legal actions.
8. Implementation by the Bureau of Land Transportation: The Bureau of Land
Transportation is tasked with the implementation and enforcement of the provisions of
PD 98, including the oversight of the licensing process and adherence to regulations.
9. Public Awareness and Compliance: The decree emphasizes the importance of public
awareness regarding the regulations on license plates, encouraging vehicle owners to
comply with registration and licensing requirements.
10. Review and Amendments: PD 98 may include provisions for periodic review and
amendments to the regulations, ensuring that the system remains relevant and
effective in addressing the needs of the motor vehicle registration process.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 98 aims to create a structured and efficient system for the
issuance and regulation of motor vehicle license plates in the Philippines, ensuring proper
vehicle registration, enhancing road safety, and preventing fraudulent activities.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1729

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1729 - AUTHORIZING THE BUREAU OF LAND

TRANSPORTATION TO DISPOSE OF IMPOUNDED MOTOR VEHICLES
UNCLAIMED BY OWNERS FOR A CERTAIN PERIOD OF TIME
Presidential Decree No. 1729, enacted in the Philippines, authorizes the Bureau of Land
Transportation (BLT) to dispose of impounded motor vehicles that remain unclaimed by their
owners for a specified period. Here are the salient features of PD 1729:
1. Authority to Dispose of Unclaimed Vehicles: The decree grants the Bureau of Land
Transportation the authority to dispose of motor vehicles that have been impounded
and remain unclaimed by their owners after a designated period.
2. Specified Timeframe for Claims: PD 1729 establishes a specific timeframe within
which owners must claim their impounded vehicles. This period is set to provide a
fair opportunity for owners to retrieve their vehicles before disposal.
3. Procedures for Disposal: The decree outlines the procedures the Bureau must follow
in disposing of unclaimed vehicles, ensuring that the process is transparent and
adheres to established guidelines.
4. Types of Disposal Methods: The decree may specify the methods of disposal, which
could include auctioning the vehicles or other means deemed appropriate by the
Bureau. The aim is to maximize the potential recovery of funds from these disposals.
5. Revenue Generation: The disposal of unclaimed vehicles is intended to generate
revenue for the Bureau of Land Transportation, which can be used to support its
operations and programs.
6. Public Notice Requirement: PD 1729 may require the Bureau to provide public
notice of the impending disposal of unclaimed vehicles, ensuring transparency and
giving potential claimants sufficient time to act.
7. Protection of Rights: The decree aims to protect the rights of vehicle owners by
requiring proper documentation and procedures to be followed before the disposal of
their vehicles.
8. Implementation and Regulations: The decree mandates the formulation of rules and
regulations for its implementation, ensuring that the Bureau of Land Transportation
has clear guidelines for the disposal process.
9. Inventory and Record-Keeping: The Bureau is likely required to maintain an
inventory and records of all impounded vehicles, detailing their condition and status
throughout the process.
10. Disposal of Vehicles in Accordance with the Law: PD 1729 emphasizes that the
disposal of unclaimed vehicles must be conducted in accordance with relevant laws
and regulations to ensure legality and fairness in the process.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 1729 aims to address the issue of unclaimed impounded
vehicles efficiently, providing the Bureau of Land Transportation with the authority and
framework to dispose of these vehicles while ensuring transparency, accountability, and the
protection of owners' rights.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 1730
DECLARING THE SYNDICATED PRINTING, MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION,
POSSESSION OR USE OF FAKE OFFICIAL BUREAU OF LAND
TRANSPORTATION FORMS, DOCUMENTS, PLATES AND STICKERS AS
OFFENSES INVOLVING ECONOMIC SABOTAGE

Presidential Decree No. 1730, enacted in the Philippines, addresses the illegal activities
related to the printing, manufacture, distribution, possession, or use of fake official forms,
documents, plates, and stickers from the Bureau of Land Transportation (BLT). Here are the
salient features of PD 1730:
1. Definition of Offenses: The decree specifically identifies the following activities as
offenses involving economic sabotage:
o Syndicated printing of fake BLT forms and documents.
o Manufacture of counterfeit plates and stickers.
o Distribution, possession, or use of any of the aforementioned counterfeit
items.
2. Syndicated Nature: The decree highlights that these offenses may involve syndicates
or organized groups, indicating a more serious level of crime due to the organized
nature of the activities.
3. Penalties: PD 1730 prescribes stringent penalties for those found guilty of
committing these offenses. Penalties may include:
o Imprisonment for a specific duration.
o Fines, which may vary depending on the severity of the offense.
o Possible forfeiture of any counterfeit items in possession.
4. Economic Sabotage: The decree classifies these offenses as acts of economic
sabotage, recognizing their potential to undermine the economic stability of legitimate
businesses and government operations related to land transportation.
5. Coordination with Law Enforcement: The decree encourages collaboration between
the Bureau of Land Transportation, law enforcement agencies, and other relevant
government bodies to effectively combat these illegal activities.
6. Public Awareness Campaigns: PD 1730 may include provisions for raising public
awareness about the dangers and consequences of using fake BLT forms and
documents, promoting compliance with legitimate procedures.
7. Implementation and Enforcement: The decree mandates the formulation of rules
and regulations for its implementation, ensuring that law enforcement and regulatory
agencies have clear guidelines for identifying, prosecuting, and penalizing offenders.
8. Protection of the Public Interest: By addressing these fraudulent activities, the
decree aims to protect the public interest, ensuring that transportation services are
provided under legitimate and legal frameworks.
Overall, Presidential Decree No. 1730 seeks to combat the illegal activities associated with
counterfeit BLT materials, emphasizing the serious nature of these offenses and promoting
coordinated efforts to safeguard the integrity of land transportation services in the
Philippines.