TYPESCRIPT
DATATYPES
1. BASIC TYPES
NUMBER: REPRESENTS NUMERICAL VALUES.
let age: number = 25;
STRING: REPRESENTS TEXTUAL DATA.
let name: string = "Alice";
BOOLEAN: REPRESENTS TRUE OR FALSE VALUES.
let isStudent: boolean = true;
ANY: CAN HOLD ANY TYPE OF VALUE.
let anything: any = 42;
anything = "Hello";
VOID: USED FOR FUNCTIONS THAT DO NOT RETURN A VALUE.
function logMessage(message: string): void {
console.log(message);
NULL AND UNDEFINED: REPRESENT ABSENCE OF VALUE.
let nothing: null = null;
let notDefined: undefined = undefined;
2. ARRAY
Arrays can hold multiple values of the same type.
NUMBER[]: ARRAY OF NUMBERS.
let numbers: number[] = [1, 2, 3];
STRING[]: ARRAY OF STRINGS.
let names: string[] = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"];
3. TUPLE
Tuples allow you to express an array with a fixed number of elements whose types are known.
let person: [string, number] = ["Alice", 25];
4. ENUM
Enums allow a developer to define a set of named constants.
enum Color {
Red,
Green,
Blue
let c: Color = Color.Green;
5. OBJECT
Objects are collections of key-value pairs.
let user: { name: string; age: number } = {
name: "Alice",
age: 25
};
6. UNION TYPES
Union types allow a variable to have one of several types.
let value: number | string;
value = 42; // OK
value = "Hello"; // OK
7. TYPE ALIASES
Type aliases create a new name for a type.
type ID = number | string;
let userId: ID;
userId = 123; // OK
userId = "abc"; // OK
8. INTERFACES
Interfaces define the structure of an object. They are similar to type aliases but are more powerful when
it comes to describing object shapes.
interface User {
name: string;
age: number;
let user: User = {
name: "Alice",
age: 25
};
9. FUNCTIONS
TypeScript allows you to specify types for function parameters and return values.
function add(a: number, b: number): number {
return a + b;
10. GENERICS
Generics allow you to create reusable components.
function identity<T>(arg: T): T {
return arg;
let output = identity<string>("Hello");
let outputNumber = identity<number>(42);
KEY CONCEPTS TO KNOW:
1. Type Inference: TypeScript automatically infers the type based on the value assigned.
let x = 10; // inferred as number
2. Type Assertion: Tells the compiler to treat a value as a specified type.
let someValue: any = "Hello World";
let strLength: number = (someValue as string).length;
3. Optional Properties: Properties that may or may not be present in an object.
interface Person {
name: string;
age?: number; // age is optional
4. Readonly Properties: Properties that cannot be modified after being set.
interface Car {
readonly make: string;
model: string;
let myCar: Car = { make: "Toyota", model: "Corolla" };
// myCar.make = "Honda"; // Error: Cannot assign to 'make' because it is a read-only property.
