n TERM EXAMINATION (2023-24) Cl js the correct explanation Indians jive interest; often used the oldest Answer - ) 68 |_| Why is South Afi anos comesA. People from white minority dominates black majority People believe in worshipping natural forces like Rainbow in the sky Ithas people from different races, languages and backgrounds but they don’t live together. D. Ithas people from different races, colour and backgrounds and they all live in harmony and work for country’s upliftment together. ANS- D. It has people from different races, colour and backgrounds and they all live in harmony and work for country’s upliftment together. Q6. Consider the following statements describing the electoral process in the Republic of China and mention which of the following is incorrect- A. In China, elections are regularly held after every five ‘years for electing the country’s parliament, called Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui (National People’s Congress). B. Ithas nearly 3,000 members elected from all over China, Some members are elected by the army. C. The government is always formed by the Communist Party. D. Before contesting elections, a candidate does not need the approval of the Chinese Communist Party. ANS- D. Before contesting elections, a candidate does not need the approval of the Chinese Communist Party. Q7.| _| During negotiations for making the Constitution of South ‘Africa, the whites agreed to Options- ‘A. The principle of majority rule B. One person one vote C. Accept some basic rights for the poor and the workers D. All the above ANS- D. All the above QB. |_| Investment in human capital ean be made through (a) Education (b) Training (c) Medical care (d) All the three |_| Answer - (d) All the three @9. |_| “Estonia had made its citizenship rules in such a way that people belonging to Russian minority find it difficult to get the right to vote.” In the light of the given statement, point out the feature of Democracy that gets violated or is not being practiced in the country. A. Free and Fair Electoral Competition B,_One Person, One Vo}, Double ValueG. One Vote by all the Women D. One Person, One Vote, One Value ANS- D. One Person, One Vote, One Value QI | | Match the content of Column A with Column B and choose 1 0 | | the correct answer from the options listed below- COLUMN A COLUMN B (Ideology) @hilosophers) x i) Montesquieu — | a) Social contract between people and representatives 4 iiRousseau b) Refuuted the doctrine of divine & absolute rule of monarch iii) John Locke | ¢) Division of power within ‘government ANS- B option-i-c; i-a; iii-b QU | Which of the following sectors faces the problem of seasonal unemployment? (a) Agriculture (b) Service sector (©) Trade (@) IT sector Answer (a) Agriculture Qi | | Two statements are given in the question below as Assertion 1 2. | | (A) and Reasoning (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option. Assertion: The familiarity with political institutions of colonial rule also helped develop an agreement over the institutional design. Reason: The British rule had given voting rights only to a few. On that basis the British had introduced very weak legislatures, Ans- B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. QU |] Which among the following was the single most Important 1 3. |__| factor in the victory of Allied powers in World War II? A. Alliance of England, France and Russia B. US entry in 1917 C. Russian Revolution of 1917 D. Participation of Axis Powers ANS- B. US entry in 1917 QU || Population becomes capital when there is 1 4. |_| investment made in the formif@f education, training andWhich of the following is the correct description of the gi given French symbol of political resistance? order released officially to the w: Laws engraved on stone is the same for all, and all estate is divided into three ae law is the same for all, and all n A with Column B and choose tions listed below-(b) Amarkantak (c) Brahmagiri (d) Slopes of the Western Ghat Answer (b) Amarkantak Observe the given cartoon from Brazil, a country that has had long history of dictatorship. It is entitled “The Hidden Side of Dictatorship”. Which hidden sides cartoon depict? I. Dictatorship safeguards the people IL Dictators take an active part in resolving the problems of common people. Tl. People may suffer from lack of fulfillment of necessities; may involve suppression TV. Dictatorship involves brutality, distrust and absence of basic rights. Options- A. Ionly B. Iand IV C. Iland IV D. Ilonly ANS-C. III and IV Which is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats? (a) Anai Mudi (b) Doda Betta (c) Ooty (d) Mahendragiri Answer (d) MahendragiriThe sun rises two hours earlier in Arunachal Pradesh as compared to Gujarat in the west, but the watches show the same time. How does this happen? Answer: The latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India is about 30°. The east-west extent is smaller than the north-south extent. There is a time lag of two hours from Gujarat to Arunachal Pradesh. As Arunachal Pradesh lies on the easter side of India, the sun rises here earlier when compared to Gujarat. The time along the Standard Meridian of India (82°30°E) passing through Mirzapur (in Uttar Pradesh) is taken as the standard time for the whole country ‘The latitudinal extent influences the duration of day and night as | ‘one moves from south to north. Therefore, the watches show the same time in all parts of the country. | “The Preamble of the Constitution reads like a poem on democracy and is called the soul of the Indian Constitution.” In the light of the given statement, justify the importance of Preamble with any two suitable arguments. 'ANS- a) The Preamble to the Indian Constitution is also known as the preface of our Constitution. b) The Preamble indicates the nature and ideals of the State and also the ultimate source of our constitution c) The Preamble of the constitution contains the philosophy on which the entire constitution has been built 4) It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of the government. (Any 2 points or any other relevant point) Qu a) Mention the period which is referred to as the Reign of Terror in France? b) Why is this period named so? ANS- a) The period from 1793 to 1794 is referred to as the Reign of Terror. b.Robespierre followed a policy of severe control and punishment. All those whom he saw as being enemies of the republic fi ex- nobles and clergy, members of other political parties, even members of his own party who did not agree with his methods i were arrested, imprisoned and then tried by a revolutionary tribunal. If the court found them guilty, they were guillotined. QqQ Mexico holds regular elections and has never been under dictatorship or military rule since 2000 but it cannot be called a true democracy. Cite reasons in support of your answer. ANS- 1) In Mexico, elections are held after every six years. But until year 2000, every election was won by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) since its independence in 1930. Opposition parties had contested elections but never won the ckelections. The ruling party used many dirty tricks to win the elections. +2) All those who were employed in government offices, had to attend its party meetings. Teachers of government schools used to force the parents to vote for PRI. Media largely ignored the activities of opposition political parties except to criticize them +3) The PRI had always tried to suppress the opposition political parties to win the elections. +4) Sometimes the polling booths were shifted from one place to another at the last moment, which made it difficult for the people to cast their vote. (Any 2 points or any other relevant point) Compare the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats of India. Western ghats ; 1:The western ghats are continuous chains of mountains and can be crossed through passes only. 2. he height ranges from 900-1600 meters. 3 The Western Ghats cause orographic rain by facing the rain bearing moist winds to rise along the western slopes of the Ghats, Eastern ghats 1. The Eastern ghats are not continuous and are cut by rivers falling into the Bay of Bengal. 2. Their height is lower than the western ghats, height ranges from 600 to 900 meter 3 Mahendragiri (1,501 metres) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats “Politically too the Weimar Republic was fragile. The Weimar constitution had some inherent defects, which made it unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship.” Justify the statement stating relevant points, ANS-1.PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION 2. ARTICLE 48 3. FREQUENT CHANGE IN THE CABINET (Explanation of each point is required) OR “The peace treaty at Versailles with the Allies was a harsh and humiliating peace”, Justify the statement by mentioning any three provisions imposed on Germany by Allies. ANS- Germany lost its overseas colonies, a tenth of its population, 13 per cent of its tertitories, 75 per cent ofits iron and 26 per cent” of soa o France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania Allied Powers demilitarised Germany to weaken i The War Guilt Clause held Gemmany responsible forthe i damages the Allied countries suffered. Germany + 1+ 76 was forced to paee ee ee ee eT eT SS FS ‘compensation amounting to £6 billion. The Allied armies also occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for much of the 1920s. Many Germans heid the new Weimar Republic responsible for not only the defeat in the war but the disgrace at Versailles. (Any 3 points or any other relevant point) “Mention Tributaries joining Ganga River from Himalayas, its Length and source major features of The Ganga River System Answer ‘The source of the Ganga called the ‘Bhagirathi’, is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Deva Prayag in Uttarakhand, ‘© The Ganga emerges from the mountains to the plains at Haridwar. ‘© The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers, such as the ‘Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi. ‘© The length of the Ganga is over 2500 km. Highlight any three ideals/Values enshrined in the Constitution of India, 'ANS- = Sovereign: People have the supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the Government of India. «Socialist: Wealth is generated socially and should be shared equally by society. The government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities. © Secular: Citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion. But there is no official religion. The government treats all religious beliefs and practices with equal respect. ¢ Democratic: A form of government where people enjoy ‘equal political rights, elect their rulers and hold them accountable. © Republic: The head of the state is an elected person and not a hereditary position. (Any 3 points or any other relevant point) OR ‘A. Name the system that led to the oppression of blacks in South Africa? B. How did this system lead to the segregation of blacks from others? ANS- A) Apartheid -system of racial discrimination imposed by white Europeans in South Africa that divided the people and labelled them on the basis of the colour of their skin. fe treated non-whites as inferiors and did not have voting rights. The apartheid system was particulThey were forbidden fromliving in white areas. Trains, buses, taxis, hotels, hospitals, schools and colleges, libraries, cinema halls, theatres, beaches, swimming pools, public toilets were all separate for the whites and the blacks under the policy of Segregation. They could not even visit the churches where the whites worshipped nor form associations or protest. (Any 2 points in part b or any other relevant point) What is the role of education and Health in human capital formation? Answer The health of a person helps him to realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation indeed; health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s well being with investments made on her education and health, can yield a high retum in the future in the form of higher earnings and greater contribution to society. Educated parents are found to invest more heavily on the education of their child. This is because they have realised the importance of education for themselves. They are also conscious of proper nutrition and hygiene. They accordingly look after their children’s needs for education at school and good health. A virtuous cycle is thus created in this case Enumerate the steps taken by Hitler to establish a racial German state. ANS- * SEGREGATION OF JEWS, GYPSIES AND OTHERS « GHETTOISATION * ANNIHILIATION * SPREADING PSEUDO-SCIENTIFIC RACE THEORIES * TORTURING * MURDERING IN GAS CHAMBERS (Explanation of each point is required or any other relevant point) A. Why did Hitler focus on controlling the children and youth ANS- Hitler felt that a strong Nazi society could be established only by teaching children Nazi ideology. B. How did schools become a platform for the spread of Nazi OR in Germany? ideology? 78ANS- cK ‘Jew Sw ere dian issed from the schools. 7 Children w ere segregated, G erm ans and ws could not sit together. Subsequently. ‘undesirable children’ - Jews, the physically handicapped, Gypsies - were thrown out of schools. ¥ Schoo | textbooks w ere rew ritien. Racial science w as introduced to justify Nazi ideas of race. 7 Children w ere taugtt to be loyal and submissive, hate Jews and worship Hitler. C. Name the organizations formed to infuse the spirit of National socialism among the German youth and children. ¥ Tenyear-olds had to enter Jungvolk, 7 At14, allboyshad tb pin theN azi youthorganisation . Hitler ‘Youth . where they learnt to worship war, glorify ageression and violence, condemn democracy, and hate Jews, communists, Gypsies and all those categorized as undesirable. ¥ After aperiod of rigorous ideological and physioa| training, they {joined the Labour service usually at the age of 18. Then they must serve in the armed forces and enter one of the Nazi’s organizations. How will you explain the term unemployment? What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment? ‘Answer ; Unemployment is said to exist when people who are willing to work at the going wages cannot find jobs. ‘unemployment in rural and urban areas. However, the nature of ‘unemployment differs in rural and urban areas. In ease of rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment. Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. People dependant upon agriculture usually face such kind of problem. There are certain busy seasons when sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing is done. Certain months do not provide much work to the people dependant on agriculture. In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. ‘They have agricultural plot where they find work. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. The work requires the service of five people but engages eight people, Three people are extra. Thespthree people also work in thea same plot as the others. The contribution made by the three extra people does not add to the contribution made by the five people. If three people are removed the productivity of the field will not decline @3 |_| Why is the Indian Constitution considered relevant even after 3 |__| seventy-three years of it making? Justify by giving any 5 arguments. ANS- OR “The making of the constitution for a huge and diverse country like India was not an easy affair. In the light of the above statement, describe the challenges that were major obstruction in making of __| our Constitution. Q3 |_| Himalayan mountains are stretched over the northern borders of India, This mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra, The Himalayas consists of 3 parallel ranges in their longitudinal extend The Himalaya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent. A number of valleys lie between these ranges. The northemn-most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri. It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftest peaks with an average height (6,000 meters. It contains all prominent. The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged mountain system and is known as Himachal or lesser Himalaya. The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered rocks. The altitude varies between 3,700 and 4,500 metres and the average width is of 50 Km.While the Pir Panjal range forms the longest and the most important range, the Dhaula Dhar and the Mahabharat ranges are also prominent ones. This range consists of the famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and Kullu Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Thisregion is well-known for its hill stations. of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varyinbetween 900 and 1100 metres. These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers a longitudinal valleylyin, : eS shee ae ig between lesser Himalaya and are known as Duns. Dehra Dun,Kotli D i Bere I jun and Patli Dun are some of the well-Or Which are the major rivers flowing through northern plains. According to the variations in elevation points, describe the four Tegions from North to south of Northern Plains, The northern. plains are generally described as flat land with no variations in its relief. It is not true. These vast plains also have diverse relief features According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions. The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar. All the streams disappear in this bhabar belt. South of this belt, the streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet, swampy and marshy region known as terai. This was a thickly forested region full of wildlife. The forests have been cleared to create agricultural land and to Settle migrants from Pakistan after partition. Locate Dudhwa National Park in this region. The largest part of the northem plain informed of older alluvium, It lies above the floodplains of the rivers and presents a terrace-Like feature. This part is known as bhangar. The soil in this region contains calcareousdeposits, locally known as kankar. newer, younger deposits of the floodplains are called khadar, They are renewed almost every year and so are fertile, thus, ideal for intensive agriculture. Any other valid point Study the below given source and answer the following questions- The various activities have been classified into three main sectors ie, primary, secondary and tertiary, Primary sectors include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying. Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc, are included in the tertiary sector. ‘The activities in this sector result in the production of goods and services. These activities add value to the national income. These activities are called economic activities. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities. Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs it ie., an activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services, including govegtment service, Non-marketPSPC oVL eve Kee uced cd edibidddi dds a 6 Q3 7A Q@ 3 7B Mark and Locate. A. Malwa Plateau B. Coastal plain at Tamil Nadu C. A Salt water Lake in Rajasthan 3 ‘Study the below given source and answer the following questions- 4 250 - | The various activities have been classified into three main sectors i.e, primary, secondary and tertiary. Primary sectors include agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining, and quarrying. Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector. The activities in this sector result in the production of goods and service: activities add value to the national income. These activities are called economic activities. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non- market activities, Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs it i., an activity performed for pay or profit. These include production of goods or services, including government service. Non- market activities are the production for self-consumption. These can be consumption and processing of primary product and own account production of fixed assets. Q.34.1How are primary sector different from Manufacturing sector ? Q34.2 What are Non Market economic activities ? Q34.3 Give examples of Tertiary sector activities . Q34.4 Which are the activities counted in National Income ? Study the below given source and answer the following questions- India has many lakes. These differ from each other in size and other characteristics. Most lakes are permanent; some contain water only during the rainy season, like the lakes in the basins of inland drainage of semi-arid regions. There are some lakes which are the result of the action of glaciers and ice sheets, while others have been formed by wind, river action and human activities. A meandering river across a floodplain forms cut-offs that later develops into ox-bow lakes. Spits and bars form lagoons in the coastal areas, e.g. the Chilika lake, the Pulicat lake and the Kolleru lake. aos Lakes in the region of inland drainage are sometimes seasonal; for 83