GENETICS:
Question 1: In a dihybrid cross involving two genes AaBb and AaBb (where A and B are
dominant alleles), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with the genotype AABB?
A) 1/16
B) 1/32
C) 1/64
D) 1/128
Correct answer: B) 1/32
Question 2: In a trihybrid cross involving three genes with the genotypes AaBbCc and AaBbCc
(where A, B, and C are dominant alleles), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with
the genotype AaBbCc?
A) 1/64
B) 1/128
C) 1/256
D) 1/512
Correct answer: D) 1/512
Question 3: In a monohybrid cross involving a gene with incomplete dominance, a red-
flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW). The F1 generation consists
of all pink-flowered plants (RW). When two F1 plants are crossed, what is the expected
phenotypic ratio of the F2 generation?
A) 1:2:1 (Red:Pink:White)
B) 3:1 (Pink:White)
C) 1:1 (Pink:White)
D) 1:1:1 (Red:Pink:White)
Correct answer: D) 1:1:1 (Red:Pink:White)
Question 4: In rabbits, the gene responsible for coat color exhibits multiple allelism. Which of
the following alleles is associated with the Himalayan coat color pattern?
A) C
B) cch
C) ch
D) c
Correct answer: C) ch
Question 5: A rabbit with the genotype "Cchc" would exhibit which coat color?
A) Chinchilla
B) Himalayan
C) Albino
D) Agouti
Correct answer: A) Chinchilla
Question 6: In the ABO blood group system, which allele(s) determine the A blood group?
A) IA and IB
B) IA and i
C) IB and i
D) ii
Correct answer: A) IA and IB
Question 7: A person with genotype IBi can receive blood from individuals with which blood
group(s)?
A) A and AB
B) B and AB
C) A, B, and AB
D) O
Correct answer: B) B and AB
Question 8: In a cross between a homozygous black-feathered chicken and a homozygous
white-feathered chicken, the offspring exhibit a phenotype where both black and white
feathers are present. What genetic phenomenon is exhibited in this scenario?
A) Codominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Multiple allelism
D) Epistasis
Correct answer: A) Codominance
Question 9: In snapdragons, the gene for flower color displays incomplete dominance. If a red-
flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW), what will be the phenotype
of the F1 generation?
A) Pink
B) Red
C) White
D) Purple
Correct answer: A) Pink
Question 10: In a monohybrid cross involving a gene with incomplete dominance, a plant with
red flowers (RR) is crossed with a plant with white flowers (WW). What will be the phenotypic
ratio of the F2 generation?
A) 1:2:1 (Red:Pink:White)
B) 3:1 (Pink:White)
C) 1:1 (Pink:White)
D) 1:1:0 (Red:Pink:White)
Correct answer: A) 1:2:1 (Red:Pink:White)
Question 11: In Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly species, the gene for eye color is located
on the X chromosome. A female fly with red eyes (X^rX^r) is crossed with a male fly with white
eyes (X^wY). What will be the phenotypic ratio of the F1 generation?
A) All females will have red eyes, and all males will have white eyes. B) All females and males
will have red eyes. C) All females will have red eyes, and all males will have white eyes, but at a
3:1 ratio. D) All females and males will have white eyes.
Correct answer: D) All females and males will have white eyes.
Question 12: In humans, hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder. If a carrier mother
(X^HX^h) and a father without hemophilia (X^HY) have a son, what is the probability that he
will have hemophilia?
A) 0% B) 25% C) 50% D) 100%
Correct answer: B) 25%
Question 13: A female carrier for color blindness (X^CX^c) is married to a male with normal
vision (X^CY). What is the probability of having a son with color blindness and a daughter with
normal vision in their offspring?
A) 25% chance of a son with color blindness and a daughter with normal vision. B) 50% chance
of a son with color blindness and a daughter with normal vision. C) 50% chance of both son
and daughter having color blindness. D) 100% chance of a son with color blindness and a
daughter with normal vision.
Correct answer: A) 25% chance of a son with color blindness and a daughter with normal
vision.
Question 14: A substitution mutation occurs in a gene, resulting in the replacement of a single
nucleotide with another nucleotide, leading to a change in the amino acid sequence of the
encoded protein. This type of mutation is known as:
A) Missense mutation
B) Nonsense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Correct answer: A) Missense mutation
Question 15: A mutation occurs in a gene that changes a codon encoding an amino acid to a
stop codon, resulting in premature termination of protein synthesis. Which type of mutation is
responsible for this alteration?
A) Nonsense mutation
B) Missense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Correct answer: A) Nonsense mutation
Question 16: A deletion mutation occurs in a gene, causing a loss of multiple nucleotides. If the
number of nucleotides lost is not a multiple of three, what kind of mutation is likely to result?
A) Nonsense mutation
B) Missense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
Correct answer: D) Frameshift mutation
Question 17: In a dihybrid cross involving two genes on the same chromosome, if the
observed frequency of recombination is 8%, what is the map distance between the genes in
centimorgans (cM)?
A) 4 cM
B) 8 cM
C) 16 cM
D) 32 cM
Correct answer: A) 4 cM
Question 18: When performing a dihybrid cross, if two genes are located very close to each
other on the same chromosome, what is the expected ratio of parental to recombinant
phenotypes in the offspring?
A) 1:1
B) 3:1
C) 9:7
D) 1:2:1
Correct answer: A) 1:1
Question 19: In a trihybrid cross involving genes A, B, and C, if the genes are unlinked, what is
the maximum number of different genotypes that can be produced in the F2 generation?
A) 64
B) 81
C) 27
D) 16
Correct answer: A) 64
Question 20: A chromosomal disorder is characterized by the presence of an additional X
chromosome in males (XXY). This disorder is known as:
A) Turner syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Edwards syndrome
Correct answer: C) Klinefelter syndrome
Question 21: A chromosomal disorder characterized by the presence of an extra copy of
chromosome 18 is known as:
A) Turner syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Edwards syndrome
Correct answer: D) Edwards syndrome
Question 22: In a chromosomal disorder, individuals are born with only one X chromosome
(X0). This disorder is known as:
A) Turner syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Edwards syndrome
Correct answer: A) Turner syndrome
Question 23: A chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome
21 is known as:
A) Turner syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) Klinefelter syndrome
D) Edwards syndrome
Correct answer: B) Down syndrome
Question 24: In a gene interaction where one gene masks the expression of another gene, this
phenomenon is known as:
A) Dominance
B) Epistasis
C) Pleiotropy
D) Polygenic inheritance
Correct answer: B) Epistasis
Question 25: In a dihybrid cross involving two genes AaBb and AaBb, where the presence of
one dominant allele at either gene locus results in the expression of a specific phenotype, what
type of epistasis is exhibited?
A) Dominant epistasis
B) Recessive epistasis
C) Duplicate recessive epistasis
D) Duplicate dominant epistasis
Correct answer: A) Dominant epistasis
Question 26: In a gene interaction where a gene masks the expression of genes at different
loci, this is referred to as:
A) Dominance
B) Epistasis
C) Pleiotropy
D) Polygenic inheritance
Correct answer: D) Polygenic inheritance
Pleiotropy:
Question 27: When a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits,
this is an example of:
A) Dominance
B) Epistasis
C) Pleiotropy
D) Polygenic inheritance
Correct answer: C) Pleiotropy
Question 28: A genetic disorder where a mutation in a single gene affects various phenotypic
traits such as vision, skin color, and blood clotting is an example of:
A) Phenocopy
B) Pleiotropy
C) Polygenic inheritance
D) Epistasis
Correct answer: B) Pleiotropy
Polygenic Inheritance:
Question 29: In polygenic inheritance, phenotypic traits are controlled by:
A) A single pair of genes
B) Multiple pairs of genes
C) A single gene with multiple alleles
D) A single gene with codominant alleles
Correct answer: B) Multiple pairs of genes
Question 30: When graphing the phenotypic distribution of a polygenic trait, which pattern is
most commonly observed?
A) Bell-shaped curve (normal distribution)
B) Bimodal distribution
C) Skewed distribution
D) Exponential distribution
Correct answer: A) Bell-shaped curve (normal distribution)
Question 31: The inheritance of skin color, height, and intelligence are often cited as examples
of polygenic traits. How many gene pairs are typically involved in controlling such traits?
A) 1-2 gene pairs
B) 3-5 gene pairs
C) 6-8 gene pairs
D) 9-12 gene pairs
Correct answer: C) 6-8 gene pairs
Question 32: If a polygenic trait is influenced by four gene pairs, each with incomplete
dominance, how many phenotypic classes will be observed in the offspring?
A) 5
B) 7
C) 9
D) 11
Correct answer: B) 7
