7.942 Design Approaches 1.9424 General The design pprosch cic: axe: jen Approach 1—Exaisical Pulstin Supyaesion Device Sizn 1, Design Apoicach 2—Acoustic Simultion and Piping Restaia Analisis, «Design Approach 3—Acouste Simulton aod Piping Restait: Analysis ps Mechanical Analysis (vib Forced Mecanical Respante Anaya racesay) alese otherwise specified each design approach sclces al of the elemests of procadangaporcoches, unless anperseded by sore comprehensive methods, Elements of the raious design eproacies se cummatined a2 79423, 7944, end 794.5 “Flonchars dealing work proceses foreach Design Approoca can be found in anes M. ‘Table 6—Design Approach Selection SoudueDichaye Presse ated Powe per Cllader mals ENGI=DO Ewer dpe <7) G0ped F oe. 2 Star Po Oe 3 2 3 (sOips'= P= 100036) : > ee 7 3 7 (qo00 p< P= 300 pa) 2 (e000 pe = P= 00098) desta moach Affe fos thx indiccted by Table 6 epecalv ifs nals contemplated. 7.9422. Design Approach {—Empitical Pulsation Suppression Device Sizing Paletion suppression devices call be designed sing proprietary andor empinea!anatcal techniques to meet tine side olson laelsrequved on 79.4252. aud the maiz presane dcop alowed im 7.92.5.31, oxeed on the nomaal {pereing coadinon couse sama tual ono prtomuad waen wang tie design ppcesch, 7.9423. Design Approach 2—Acoustie Simulation and Piping Restraint Analysis 794231 General ‘Design Appcoact 2 i pulbstion contol through the ws of plsation suppression devices and proven acoustic eehiques in ccoyuneion wih mechansal salgsis of pape mint and anckonng eye (clap design and spacing) fo aeluavecoutol of ‘tbrsonl respane, Ine epproscsinclades he evabtaton of acoustic intracion basieea the comprevor, palsiton presi ences aad asocsted pain, icinding pulation effects on compresor perfomance aad aa evaluation of acoutie ake forces ia the pulsation appresdion devises The evandon ie cccompished by modeling the consprectr sytem andthe ppine sue thea pefuraag an accusc sslaton to determine the respoare 7.94232 Compressor System Mode! Pulston auppresion devise (oc dimpere) ae italy sina sng Design Approach |, and sualyzed wong acoustic cmustion. ‘The comprotsor system medel aomuey insinds piston and vahe kinematics, cylinder pestags, lation suppression deviee(?) snd tennnaes a te line-sde aozale fnage. Tis model is cay used fr te acoustic satin There is no mechanical modeling ofthe comprersr sytem to evaluate mechanical resceaaces ia Design Appronc 2 79.42.33 Piping System Moca! For applications wir the piping sion i uct fined the eccutc sition canbe performed wit ihe piping cystem intially rmodeled with an infinte length acoustically nepaeectve line. The allowable desien lms of 794234 apply. This sep is Called a prety al is also rezved to asa “botle deck” o: “daaper deck.” Fer applications whese the piping ste is (lefed, be pe-study may be onited. The piping model replces the accusicelly nonseflecve line in th sation 1 7942.34 Prestudy ‘When the acoustic sinulatin is prfomaed pric to completion of the piping system meds he minum allowable pressure palstion level atthe pslztion sappreson device lne-ade noszle ange call be 20% of the allowable vale defiaed by Equation 8 for sage pulsation suppession devices, at 707s ofthe aowalle value defied by Equation 8 when two or more Dilation suppression devices ate atiched vo common piping ‘Now A single maton device means a device ht not comet fo ance by comm pyiag. Bampl: mcde a sage line fst ‘Sageaacton cevke of sual it 1 sual cra ducare lsion dice senate ut angle wat i tages oa se Sbekege ce at salsa he clade tat genre poet a he par pig poten Essa of too ot me PatonIn onder to met conmact delivery, al partes should cooperate to sebeinle the design of the pulstion suppression device, the paletion anajis and ppg design. Ordering components ater the yre-sndy can fea the procurement of lng delivery ‘components ofthe palsston sppresion dvices such a: eud caps, aszoes nd cynical saeuous. Homever th dnl length aoazle erestston ard need for vescel internals cannot be opinzed antl the piping syst add tothe acoustic medal. ‘Therefore it sould be noted, that ifthe puleton cappession devices ae fabricate pic to flizns the ppg confgsreton ‘he only reaniniag system design optimization mediods avalable to the desiger isthe imalatioa of orifices, pipe smodifcnons and sfleiae of tie pping system This vanes lads to the aeed to order bre pulsation suppression devices to provide mn adeate systexa, with &cousequeut uegauve any: ou xhedule 194235 Acoustie Simulation ‘Whos he layout and sizing ofthe piping system is completed, an accustis simulation ofthe complete syst hel be perfomaed to condnma eomplinace with berogurenent 9f 794.25 orto idea chnages neceeary to achinve compliance, 79.423,6 Mechanical Review and Piping Restraint Analysis A mechanical review dalle pevfonned using span and Dasie vessel mechanical uatwal Dequency caleaaoas to avo smachanicl resonance, Tis eview shall resol in a abe of varius pie sizes tht indicates ‘he masioam: allowable span (based ‘te mason compreteoe operating speed) betwen piping oppor a chon cf ipe cine. and the eeparaton mare reyurements of 79.425233 Doe: nthe piping design when canes wed te aeidmediniel resonances the el elie ed slob considered Note 2 To seo dc ad sei png ernst fa pps and clang nat dynamics pps Pps ecasa a dy ccntdrd so be cause restaang wien hey hve ce emagh macros oon ice 2 ibraton nae threat Tht {eatin iit ta achace with ovrbad ppg 2dr thew of imple capers, apes mad cr. 1.94.24 Design Approach 3—Acoustic Simulation and Piping Restraint Analysis Plus Mechanical ‘Analysis (with Forced Mechanical Response Analysis f Necessary) 794244 General ‘Ths approach 1 ieutical to Design Approach 2. with he aldion of 4 mechanical analysis of de compressor cylinder compressor pottien suprestion devices and assosined piping syem: including iteracaor herveen acousic and mechanical ‘jee esponsen Forced apachanicel responce inlet nen aveseary Both sconce md macanien method are ed rie at the mos dicamt ane oon ole plat ceniza 7.94242 Step 3a—Mechanical Natural Frequency Analysis of the Compressor and Piping System to Avoid Coincidence with Significant Shaking Forces The stutng pout ofthe machancal mmole ether the eambcace to feudaton merce othe croshend aide to crathcnea terface. Fer mndeling accuracy, ths locaton shall be zlateely nud when compared fo the ze! ofthe compreszor mechanical sl and crit hl be acouratey described by aa dearee of freedom rine Tae compresicr mechanical model el poate tbe second pape claap on te sxcton and cecharge piping moving away fom he Ine ace nozzles of the pulsation sqppeseict devices. Te factors tht can in uence the accuracy of he mpdel are discussed in more detail in API 688. 1f specified, dis ‘moleling will also include an analysis of the suessesZound ia Ue pustion supresion device inerals w accosdauce wily T9512 and 795.125, ‘Secnaucies Where ich tans foes do exit. ” ” ~ ° [Note 2 in seme aes he compeser fame iossbeal ules and selziedy seid and canbemedled wing ed elena ns, mad cn cna und, canbe cased to Ye ‘Noe: The conptecr sel plsaionsppesin device macnical mde was fomaly kaon asthe compres ail mode 1, Am auavsis of te compressor and piping system dal be doaeto predic the mechanical utr equences. The mechauical sd acoustic system shall be designed io meet he separation margin cera of 79.4253 ané he shaking forces shall not scene the Ine fond 7942528, [oer Gaomancly-ceeplee se ofthe artes sch cys dete pee, ochend as, Fasc sppecion dave ez aud png, wre spn eaelaonseamt be applied acutely, ae soedo deennine mechanical mae Seqeaces, ly ‘tik vendor popietny meted sop menaned daa. cr fae elenest meted: wit he ator of avoiding meckanea yscuce: 3 iueice wee sieving Rees abe ait 7.94243 Step 3b1—Forced Mechanical Response Analysis of the Compressor Mechanical Model ‘When the excitation flequency separation margins or te dking force amplitude guielines for pulsation suppression devices camo be met. a focce-mechanial-tesponse analsis ofthe compressor mechanical model fo the plscion-nored forces and cylinder-gs forces sal be perfomeé. The allowable cyte stess ceria m 79.42.55 hall apply The compressor vendor ‘tall apply the allele vitatioa las for eomapnerercomsponetefuch ab cjander,cctnce paces aud erkcares ‘Noe: Th lls comprar ais Inve ae gmraly hn ining din eter Tie slp pds cyclic ces nthe unos apps dirs and sce ping ier need tat ass cf ace sees he cores components be mshded 8 ie desea ppocch Te compres: compensa: needed ne mode ny the puece of ening the aul of he aes ef et Ses and dyna pees on be lotion suprenina dnsce> The comipensn uate 2 ere ide aio te ‘pause aston Sign Salas orprantne soar oftenjreercompenets ver a sseraees TT7.94.24 Step 302—Forced Mechanical Response of he Piping System "Nhen he exciton fequency seperation margins or the sabia free anne gideines forthe piping syste cannot be met # forced.nsechamcal response aly of the piping sysen: fo arouse chang fevces shall be performed The allowahle ‘bration aad ele sect Suan 7942.52 and .9125.2.3mepacaely oh. apply The zandel ond post shall be defined ‘by the amnlyst an agrument withthe puschacer ia genera, the ppang sytem mocel shold include all af te piping that wae ‘Schade in the acouie model, Factors tat can nfuence the eocimcy af he model ae cicuzredin mers dota i APE SE. ‘When forced mechanical response analysis ofthe piping system is pefomued without ding a freed mchonical response aualyss of tie compress mechmical mod! te stn pout of te piping system sat the compvessor cylinder flanges, which due assuned to bend ‘Noe: As with Step 301, te eatin ic gall the liming deen conden, becave whee Se vbnasea lends ae witia de eessumendeédlowaleLnt he lonale sess ends analy net sgpesciea Tax cespin i ar ik es concansos oc [Winge arrestee such: ncn snort dwells fr see png av ipa ge ae 179.425 Design Criteria 794254 General sad 3 ll sats the basic Pubation suppression devices and tecigues applied in accordance with Design Approaches 1 evierin in 79.49 5 aa the ober ener in 79.49 93 7942.52 Basic Crteria ‘To avait compltace withthe bose entns, he following proce apple: 1 Proliinary palston supproscion device sing, Detomine rosare dep ecoss the puleaton suppression device. Tae site as devenibedin 79.43 5.221 end 79.42.5031 shall bonnet Design Approach | is complete ForDesign Approaches? and 3 2. Pre-smdy of scion sipression devies (i required), Detenmine pulsation atthe corapressor cylinder flanges, ands ‘he ine ade noatle of de pulsation aipprevnon device. The enna at devenbad m 794253.1. 794252, aad 704.2312. de-reted ae am soeordnuce Meth 19.4231 shall be mt. The emer fr pleaaoa suppres darsce non resonant Shag force are desrbed in 79-4253 5. Afr ta Iyeut of the piping ojstema is completed, palston analysis ofthe complete pipe systema is undetben. Tae ‘aes for main pressie éop and pulsations ae given in 78-42524. 7942525 and 79425222. Theeniteia ior Dabaton suppression device uou-sesouas shaking frces ate given ian 78.42 533, thee entana ae at nd Design Approach ? pacified then Step 4 shal be ponfomned fDasig Approacn Si pected tea proteed directly to Sep 5 4, Specify mumsinaam piping spons and detenine vessel anechaical mal doquensis utilizing ping tbls and baie ‘tet ealclatons Tae saat allowable mechanical tral @equeeies re sivanin 72.4253 he cates for Sep 3 and Step are met. Design Approach 2 alysis complete, Ire criteria ander Steps 3 of 4 we not wet ‘hen eter aedesgh 0, Steps and 6 sha be pertomed 5. Develop 4 mtchanial siege and cstemnine mech 794225, 65, Detemaine the maiztanellwrble shaking fares in accordance with 79..2.52.3 and chosk wheter thao are higher ‘hau the acoustic shang fares calculated by acoastic mulation the citeria for Step 5 and Step 6 ae me, Design Approach 3 alysis is complete Forth compresor syst, the eotana mi Step Sor tap 6 ae nct met ether aredesgn cr. St hall be peor, or the poping systema af the entrain Sup Sor Step 6 se ats, atthe aedecgn or Stp 7 challbeparommed. fatzel feqoencies: the mannan seperation miorgins aria 7, Detemuine pipe vibations beso onthe manta called accune sake frees, Crise for marczanm cllwrble pipe ‘Atatons ane 7942.54, the vibration criteria im Step 7 ae not met ethers redesign or Sep 8 shal be performed 8. Calulate dai tess in she compressor system piping sysen,sTequred. Manno allowable cycle stesses ere tm 1.90.252.5 Fo the compressor cyte, alsa compare the vrata levee celeultad those supped by the comprascor vender. [the eriteria for Step 7 or Step 8 snezat Design Approech nis required, ‘Note: Te clasions odessa fe allowale aking foces in tp 6 of hs subclace ny eed fhe piping ation ‘job 2 pedooned seceding fe Spy decide ep alysis complete, Ihe cite re uct met, ede79.42.52.) Maximum Allowable Acoustic Shaking Force 19425234 General “The marizams allowable now rescoaat chang force based onthe design ibraion guideline ca be termed from Equation © SF, = tae ao where ‘SF eth nou resomnt shaking pele to pk force guideline relative to static truce anes ix N Cb; Jag tethe effvive ttc fier along the piping or pulsetion suppression device ania where he sine f ‘Niu Qbtix). See Annex fora detlled discussion of kas Y—sethe conga ration peste-pek gusline mmm (i) (ee Fig The sincng fore guideline (SF) appli co non-resonant vibration, therefore, shaking forces near resonance stall be reduced ‘wel below the above shang fares aude. Tha gvidehne we snmpied fom a complex analyse contnns tay mherent sssunpions and chonld be applied wnt cave. See Annex P for conventions and a more detailed conse of the nace dlls shaking frees, ‘Venous sagpot types provide ranges of rapport snes apronately a follow: levated un braced tack support 900 Nmmma—2700Nianm ($000 faa. —15,000 1b) adeleveltypial suppors and clamps 2700 Ninua-77.000Ninua (15.000 fin ~ 150,000 Bin) apadelvelbeary support andcimp: 27000 Ninza— 25,900 Nam (130.000. — 250,000 b¢2) 784252.3.2 Maximum Allowable Piping System Non-+esonant Acoustic Shaking Force ‘Taetmaria allowable piping non resco: sheling feces shal be the lower ofthe value calculted fom Equi 10 or fru Bguain i astm SF ag = 4S «NES a a USC unite SE ype = 250*NPS bere SFjygy i ‘beanarimuma piping non-resonant shaking peck to pot force guideline based on support cxeagh N lb) (NPS ie hencenial pipe anew ma, an) 7.942523. Maximum Allowable Cylinder Mounted Pulsation Suppression Device Nor-resonant Shaking Force Tae masizam allowable nt-resoaan die forces fr oyinder mowated pletion apprestion devices dal be the lower of he ‘as exalted fom Equnton 10 or fom Eeuation 12. For Design Apzosch 7, since te shnkng force eels temo shania ‘ng Equsion 10, she rua cllowabe level al be of Euvton 12. For raquanies wan =10%. ofthe eluted pabstin suppression device mechnnialastual Sequecy, be masa allowable lve! callbe 1% of Equation 12 a Sts SFaga = 45000 © USC unis SF nu = 10000 where Fy, if themsxinam pleatonswppressioa device resouachalarg pelo pea fice guieine bate sructual suengnin 8 Note: Ta hing Hse inde: dcgneti osoing Ecsta slang he putin pps devin ais. ther ekg fen cont scaly pln seen ine dean aa aac anied ©) farce po hacongreser Gemiiouvanat sialon paiva sagen 78.6 Supports for Pulsation Suppression Devices [f spesited, sopports forthe puission suppression devices and verdor-ppied piping shall be ished by the vende. The suppor shal Be designed considermg sats lacing including poping load), acous shang forces, an mecca responses: snc tall not mpare hana eweeet onthe sompraster pypng sjsem, or plszton apprercion devices to which they are ‘tached In calenating ess lavels, to compete fare growth and te faites of tae frame, crohead ave dstnce pce, flange ard branch comection shell be cousdered. Compliant (tesla) supports having mharent vibratory dampeninghacctestcs are prefered as they accommodate them expansion, Loading of complian supports shall be adjuttle Nonconpliast suppers cal be designed to allow adiustuen: bythe purchaser while in operon. Spring support shal act be sed unless epecially approved by the purchase. ‘Note Totheexet posi th fomdstion ofthe xpparts shale ater ith ih compressor fuaton, Wen nncomplizn 2gsable sxpports sued iy abd be wie Wyte pucioe tual esting conte