o1 VERB-06 —> Transitive and Tntronsitive ener Spotting : 1. When I reached there, Radhika wi te Pe em eon Lee ETT a) Killed RED *c) Decorated d) Wasexpired 1. They were died from electrocution inside their / apartment the PD uae A Lg 2. It has been / happened many ti CTT ae og ER CUP Re unr ay CUO eae POs 4. This theory was. _ born tous. /o2 VERB-06 * e.g. Sell, stop, start, fly, close, open, boil, cook, spread, CSA eR CM Teel sd grow, hide etc. BU CRC abut me il) A DoT R CO Renee he MCP Re un RU =a BA Cc hoy POR uma Rune uly be TR yt) Sm CoE cel | three degrees or more.VERB-06 — The recent discoveries have risen hopes about possible applications. (a) about possible applications. (b) The recent discoveries (cVhave fisen hopes (d) No error When we cook garlic, the sulphide molecules raise| into the air and fill the room with their pleasing} aroma. Gg a MBL: Sa) (a) and fill the room with their pleasing aroma. (b) No error | (c¥ molecules €aisO into the air L(@ When we cook garlic, the sulphide OQ," _@Q _@__

Verb which has obj and Gam both [Complex Transitive Yo (s) Rant made “me a pigsa. Ls This sentence has Two object () Diveet objeck Things (shot) G1) Indivect object => ferson Cushom) *me" > Indived object (10) "Pizza" —> Direct object (po) 12 Types OF Tronsitve Verbs |__ Mona - Transitive (M1) —> Verb + ob} 2-_ Of - Transit? OE Transltne (On) p> Nese 10 Og Neer + DO + Fo) for + ID é. . tell] > Fox these Verbs we wilt ase \Pr 3] 4 G6 ‘ Fox? 3 _ eyeo¢ | gifted Radhika a watch. BIKE PEC ae ass eee! F 3 EUS Be Oe ae ea Ae Dheeru bought her abook. > Beeghh ee a ene Co imp fox exom CUCL Se Oa ae eM AU ae DT IL EO Ca i clo a Ute Te MCU Ce a MGA UML aR (lo Se Ce os They regard me their son. UT Be RCC She made me happy. —&_Liaki W125 Verbs after which _Complment—comes SP lv+ adv x >_Lv +ady +00) Na ~J No fassive votce fox Lv.O71 Ege Be, Seem, Appear, (ook , Sound , SmeU_, taste, Fee(_, yemain, become, Get, Grow, Go, Come , ede. MCR Raa tad Cutters ee id ee a ee Cy i 1) eee MS crc kd ta) che RE Ce es ry ro)68 VERB-08) sso-o4 Causative Verb 2 Sab maf_kai Kaan kisi aur se Krucun Types of Causite Verbs * Human Perc) es oy Pema PP OR eu ne ra) BRST ORCC eS ” we 4. Imade an application jo Ta ea PETS CEC So RUC aw Bd era Radhika has made hit realise his mistake. \ as aoneahastapenhduiioe Pt Sak os ry Human > Vv, — make object ts ten Human => To +; Get + object + verb a obj Get + objec t Serb — V5 —> Passive — To +t A Aetive (a) us ee Met) eee a ela a |. 1am going to get my hair ts cut. rr uro4 Get Someone. _~cleaned- tha _yoom. Get this mab? _phane __—te- vepaived. Gek your fee Submit, - Active Passive a HAVE > Howe + abjeck + Home + abject +s Boer Non Doty PRs koR Rae 2. She had her mother preparevi a dress for her. RRC eC Ura mL g Pe Ack Lcre) EP Ahdieey pte — (2 If the object fs _nan_humon_omd passive —> To + CONFUSING VERBS PAE i ata Mied aU ed) ls) Ceres Bear = To covry + borne Cv, V3) PS la 2 disease is borne by mosquito IS) Sow — arm — Soued _, eC see ~ Perl S Sey PSS 7 Pa ae ee Re TTSFly _, 33a > Flew —> Flown [3 coe on BRS gi eras Pe RR nae eae! LN red Sa ce Neer be ae ETT) raed BMS re a ee 2. She has tft there for 6 years. RUE eae Ua ae AS IC Ea Soa oar Stroke |, Oherve Se toudh krna +» styoked , stroked Strike — Tee2i se mayna aa eus yeaa BP ES a a PR Sey: ERECT UE > Woon > Hawa Wind = Bar dana wovnd ~» Ghow ae ees ee Pe URC o ro) 3. Wound the bandage around> Find > Khejna > Found found 2 Found —» Sthapna > Founded , Founded \e when she Founded the boy of her choice _she_maryied him. 32 _Hfs_ Granelporends Founded thf _Cannpang. git wos diflicdt to £ the truth. a coin ean err) es Ren WCET nr) Ground > 22"™<«r_ pox lone, Rane ets br eg Lark Prue ero) Co fad 2. This animal has teeth pene? Te Car 3. The child was ground for a COO eC rs Rend —> fadna e Pe taka Ce Se Scere a ae To) ected Fo They don’t rend their Peet tt eT sae ee! Ted ae hoa oS = Do __hisson__moi_bet_}. Rent _Asunder LSU) eae ed Sr eter ssi <> Honged , Honged eres! 1. They DR oe hungther, ete. “s_ modal + Vy —> atu. - > MoDALS 4 L + Basic ModaSs / Pr sa Lm fs m e g _ main modols ' modas > SI t t +o ° Should, would ould had _+ ia_Certaf ndPdion ' 1 to, ete t> Be abu to > Need , Dare are i= Be Supposed +o 1 main veybs but fh nts hk must o ght > Be going to {engy. > About +: certain Cond ibn bath he hed better | would tcan be considered op 1 yothey. |_madod ' t= used +o > _1mpoxtanh fo 4 Con = mou should -would, Need = Dax d +o & can Ability fast 5 coud Past ~? AbtUty > Present —> Requesh Permission S may > fos fhility fast Might! Pr Pask > Possi bi Gry Li Present => fossibi Uby Reemissieni TTC Red you lift this box? | can do such difficult questions. 3 POUR DC licy i dance and it’s my favourite pastime. 1 MUR enue as AU ua ee a aT) BR ee Ee ry 6. She ala) —> can [may / CAN BE may GE adj le He _mauy be absent todouy + os d He_aay be yighk about fk. Mi mis lead yor a . oxeive any Hone: x Ww wn > aUS rd a Colt CRUE RCE ug nee an/Could | you help me, please? May you stay here? . ST A DEAR CURESferson A> May 4 use your pen4 Person B —> No, You Can xX Wo, You Cannoh No, You my nok ~~ Yes, You Cun 4 Yes, You nna Yes, You may nab _% ETc) PTC EVA Ee oe You _ be right but | need to know more about it. PTR RR Tr lO dig Alt) ask me whatever questions you have. He Ma ls Dar C4 Co meric 2 Can = abi Vey 9 be able to > ability 45 Con be ab +0 X= Can't be _usm'Hen 2 _mxy > possibility > fosorble / Che (xy | maybe perhaps — Possibility © with the obeve_woedls/ phrases ‘Moy _Cannvk be usa Hea belove ox _AFtTEe. >BOR Urea sa Lt ACOUR CL) A ya) iv leave today. They could be 2: help the poor. > € > Aduerb => usualy ot the beginning of Qa Sentence b Meybe + Sub + verb > > Possi bi Vt 5 m be + adj Jnoun / v'in Mag ae yf noun | Vting % Sub+ ena +be 1. Mote He wi come dodeyy 2- He Mas be absent. 3B. Rant Noss be wurong abouk if. sae 4, a Rani _ts wrong abouk jh. meaning, > > dt _is__nok possibly _thak Ray wi meek me oclug Ly Zero possibility > we wit use Cabook Ly Rafa Canpor mee me todou. = St ts possible that Ray will nor meet me today G There fs possibilty 4 we wiluse Moy nol 2° Ry may nok meek me today.ORT RU a) aaa DUE CR MRC Un UC emi) do such a thing. TT RR uc _ end PTT CSC uli Ce Sa — Could vs was / were able to/mamged +o & Can [couse > 4 was/were able 4o> Yo Managed to > The boat was upset, but we id swim to the bank. TBC Teil a NOR BOE PRC Oe a BUC eee nud g UC Teil ataMODAL VERB-03- aio-24 —>_Must, Ought to, Should and Howe +o & showd* Advice / opinion /Duty | Responsib’ (ity b Ou 0 3- Dut Ly ‘should’ and ‘ought +o gives almosk Same meanin b We Can _use' showld’ fn plaw af “Ought 40\_th_evesy place. oughk +o 2 formas, Moral Aavise, > Should ¢ Sn€ormat / Formal. Ly Had beter t Advice Cursgency | warning) Formal ?- Professional xe lation Informal 2- Personal yelat'an meaning GS ‘Should’ d ‘5 Be Supposed to i Exactly Same lb You Showd js e Su ed +o close the dooy..% 2 You Should/ had better lower the volume or Clse your father wit ger angyt}« b> Herve +theye fs a warning Suitable . though ‘Showa’ snob 3. You ought 4o-/ Should _respec> your parents.“ Ww You had -not better stoy here. not Sense, | had beter’ fs mae focoxvech.- w y st You'd means ‘Yosu had’ and ‘You woud’ , here Alter ‘You'd’ ‘beter’ f3 used So we will Consider fh as "You had be Her’ 6 t ( ‘ d hod 6. You, beter help her, a. He “Weteld better work had ly had beter > «ae 4 would yathey € igahon - iga ki ot had +o. Used in Naxyation obbigeshis n => Has +o + >» He has +o work hor d > Have to + Vy > They howe to work hard3-_Il_ must help her last year. x 4 T must wolk [0um +0 go to school when 4 wor US hod to gong 5+ he Car thot I Saw yesterday musl-_be Mohit's oe 6 They __seemed__fn_a how § they musk be acting late, 4 Te He was the only employed person in hfs Fomty So he musk work —datly. GS had +o — _Don't have +o vs Must not G Don't have to — Need nok (2avuri Na hona) by Must nok > Kisi cheez Ka Wo kKrna Z2oruvi hana: G prohibition & At is nok necessary thot you Shoup heve 2 You_don't have to Stay here. & St_is necessary thak_you—pok Stay heres Ly You musk ack Shay heye. ACI UR You must not do it. Dae Ue BU er ae CT) ATER a Res oe OGL Tom I can come alone, you don’t have to miss this bus. BU CE ee RE Ue at ae ry ae& Shot > 9 wit > I suppose, he reaches here after 5:00 pm. ac icin India will win the ODI | I won’t tell bla happened, | promise. nee eT Tg unaHe is determined that you shall succeed. Pann) Candidates shall remain in their seats until the exam is over. | will be late. > | said to Radhika, “ | shall clear the exam”. | told Radhika that | oe Bie eacle The man said to the manager, “shall | have some rest?” MMe Ruri) my have some rest.| said,” | shall be glad to look it over.” ST Ratt a TFET: rely aaa CEC Rue eel AUC Cae) rae He asked the principal if he Lee ees — Usage of ‘Would’ > Post oF Shalt / wil & PoGte Request (Past hobit [tt +ime ts mentioned] £g.© She would gots the cinema daily uuhen She_was fn Goo & we would oreeh every Sun doy when Ram ond J weve fin Gaa- —> e y © where ever_we See Sense of | we & Present Subjanctive Mood S Suggestion _/ duty | opinion ete & To Seek permission ? wit, would and shall ove not used in Time_ond Condition clauses. OTime [Cand Hon clauses ConjsycHion + Sub-+ SBR Taal Ly “te, unless, until, ushen, before flex as_sach Gs, a5 long os, by the time, jin_case eteaol) Cowes me ROU aa SO el OUR Utes CT ae aa Ree euskal Rue him. Rea cma mel Mm ORCC hc RR eee cle > Usage OF ‘ be going to’ eur uy aR ea rrg Dror ual lh a aurea They are going to hire some new employees. Are you going to need this book later? & Be gong to.—> Usage of Need And Dave [? modal verb + V, Need / Daye-| L> Main Verb + object ) to tv Ua eke On Sat) basa Usui 9 — Ne uae ue ad He needs not be poor. Need you i go ther He dare not to take such risks. How dare you SS naltra PC Dee CR ey) DE eee uu ea Un TCR cok Us Radhika need never ¢I dare say you are drunk. ET Aa ecm cls) a PT Meni) He need not money. — Used to > used +o + _— . ~ Bsates 75 human > Be used to + Ni ing (aeed) > Be+ used to + Vy (passive) = Subjeck fs. Thing BU Bop sasi aU UU) He is used to ga to school on Sundays. lam used to live alone. We used to hi AVERITT eR oR Cen aac:We are used to hard work. Radhika is used to writing 20 pages a day. Camels are used to SOT TeT Eur Camels are used to carrying heavy loads. TC PSE Rea CC NULL mol Cu Crk euun ra UL lived in Mathura. reich cea i uno Scul rs hor roe Cil as Every day = Adyerb Everyday 2 Adjective—> Forms OF _Madals G Passive Form => Sub + Madaf + be +v? Y Continuous form — Sub+madol + be + V'ing = 3o cho vehohs & Perfect Form = Sub + Modal + have + v3 > To ho chukea ho. howe Cost He Cooks worried : He must Cose his gay be slee 2. He #5 pok vespen ding 5 He may Steep s PGT howe steph. 3. the students (ook Satisfied 3 they ought +o @axn Some thing hone Learar Us Don’t make a noise ; Rani may Slee p_hbe sleeping h $+ He_hasn'é come to work + ne mai ints “Rates the tron howe, Forgotten 6+ He doesn't have cing —meneg 5 He musk —Foxgst his wolo Don't __caye her _nows she mony Study. be. StuydingVERB DOUBT SESSION sews — Finite vs won-Finite Verb Reply of «what! treck ebsed > Indivect! by v G Repyy of ' . > _Pltrasttive Verb 2 vevb + Indivech obj + Divect obj. G Averb with 4wo objects. E-g. She made ynch mv ob) by Complex Transitive verb > Vevb + obj + Complemenk ge She made me hy d me hoppy complemenkeee Cea a sy Port ei Cenemenn erce a yee - in ST Si 2 al TAdivo = net & older fel Perr LCs : ra nee iV ee an Ca Re) ee ae eae aoe 2 se bene I cua! fori y Ue OC I a Nara bY oy baa ) ‘eed PUL nae aS) TOMES Ce 7) Er ala ee ec a ed Re SISter” Ce SNA ae erry &() een eeemks arr OMe Meee cee ul Aen ict (©) wren POT eS a Mad & ‘ © ‘Would’ ik ured to bk abowd Ce marca =a ORM an mon Tyrer) Ee eae me iy Th ned Cannu+ Pert iy a) Co L ee (og on 8 TA CUT ar aa oer Oa SC AM tad a Gi aaa Oe mS Chae WAVERB PRACTICE -01 pacio-2 Though | went (a) / through the book, I didn’t (b) 4 any error in it. (c) / No error (d). 3 BLT a: bud ig that (yA so not be possible (b) / to convince him. (c) / ee aelg rey MARU a ee ecR PAC Rs 5 Ae a Tae} / No error. (d) Peel The terrorist will (a) / certainly be hung for (b) / killing thousands of people. (c) / No error (d). When | am not (a) / too busy, i ad (b) / reading story books.(c) / No error (d) ; ere get (a) / late if we (b) / don’t hire a taxi.(c) / No error (d) | Will | accompany (a) / all of you (b) / in the meeting tonight. (c) / No error (d) Priam me Ge uae uu Tul aC PAC eure sc ts a] = rid (b) / know all the details. (c) / No error (d) (3) _in Inte rogably fences “T' and ' We’ K Sot ‘shall’ use hago.Rooks You don’t-havé to (a) / disclose this secret (b) / as it might ru my life.(c) / No error (d) eae ra This method (a) / has and will always (b) / be effective. (c) / No error (d) eC) Everyone has (a) / Rave his share (b) / of profit. (c) / No error (d) The Je so fast (a) / that he might not see it (b) / and it hit him To WA la The fire has (a) / spreaded in the (b) / whole jungle. (c) / No error (d). Banat) The little boy was (a) / shaking ar cold as (b) / he was oe UT (ar) be A / No error (d) The eet (a) / smoothly (b) / across the river. (c) / No error (d) ie. eit Dues Pel PAC oe) / No error (d)BU EY I demise was broadcasted on (b) / All India Radio. (OPA eres ‘ (ec The gunner asked (a) / all of them to i2y-(b) / down on the floor. (c) / No error (d) ae ele os BOUT ea Soe TTT Te (c) / No error (d) Wes peer yen facility to (b) / call someone. (c) / No error (d) Re Sc i rr) ic aa DO PACA Wala) EE Who was (a) / this machine (b) / discovered by? (c) / No error (d) Stuy pore PAu Au Ue ee No error (d) Rohit performed (a) / welll@#@ilvas appreciated(b) / by all.(c) / No error iC) , ca een The man used to (a) / go to park and practice yoga (b) / there till the sun set. (c) / No error (d) Qur team has and (a) / will play well (b) / again this time. (c) / No error One) Practice. Practise Advice AdviceVERB PRACTICE -02 20-10-24 ca) <3) be We shouldn’t afraid (a) / of anything (b) / or anyone. (c) / No error (d) CAN tae cu eee et un re uPA / No error moay noh lam going to the supermarket (a) / to buy some fruit, but (b) /it cannot be Oy URL Ela WAR els eT Two children (a) /samk after (b) /falling into the river. (c) / no error Tad BS PA Bod PAU eee A nls Afvatd + adj __, Should > madat Justify Modal ++ adj wie_need odd be" bglave. of OG psdol + be + acky moy = Can = uu = shall _— Bresen forms migint = could = would = would _—» Post formas Ve y. Sink 2 _doolna_- used fox Things, Sank, Suni Drouin 9 dob _k_may jana - used For Person, Drowned (vz.V3) According to this (a) / book, we don’t BOE) PAA ns morning. (c) / No error (d) fra ER a WAU Re 20 RUE oy ay error (d) = eter If it can’t be repair, (a) / you had better (b) / sell it immediately. (c) / No error (d) es The car driver broke-(a) / the traffic light and was fined for (b) / violating the traffic rules. (c) / No error (d) bove => _boxn ay Beow bore = boreCPA Lek PA et (c) / No error (d) The sunken (a) / boat has (b) / been ted. (c) / No error (d) You should have (a) more stress (b) / on that matter. (c) / no error (d) The king made his minister (a) / t6 fight the war and also (b) / had el killed. (c) / no error (d) Indraprastha was (a) / found by (b) / the Pandavas. (c) / No error (d) BUM e) Cig (a) / his opponent with (b) / a single blow. (c) / No error (d) As soon as winter (a) / begins, the leaves (b) / start to fell. (c)/ No error (d) : BRO VRC M CE ied) Peer a ct (c) / No error (d) when we use _V;+tha+ means the Ackion_ts ve gular. a? Single timeIn just two minutes, (a) / the elephant d b) / the pool dry. (c) LNo error (d) PS Re) mw UM un une To Ae col ied to do so. (c) / No error (d) fea B: (a) / your book for (b) / some time? (c) / No error (d) In the past they have (a) /@nd)at present are (b) / doing a lot of harm to society. (c)/ No error (d) cend Borrow Deng = Refuse The stranger asked me (a) / whether he get some assistance (b) / from our company.(c) / No error (d) DS Ce RCC) eure Cir Cen mu Cun ie Nm ese Melia irom his trip abroad. (c)/ No error (d) Global temperature is (a) / ra! y leaps and (b) / bounds. (c) / No i Ce) cs | skeet taht Pr RC) PAU Regoe I have full (a)/ faith in my son (b)/he may not cheat in exam. (c)/no error qd)... 2. It was difficult (a)/but he & “find (b)/ a a new job successfully. (c) /p no error (d) ee 3. My boss told me (a)/that Imuset complete ——___ the file (b)/and that it was-his order. (c)/ no error (d) Past ki Kot abilit Lx abilit Koi Yon_v ho tho ‘Could’ : te. buy 10. Genera! ability * ‘couts v~ Sewos gh managed #e)v G Speci ji ility ¢ ¢ ’x ' de " = obGaohon — G_assumpbion Since he was stuck (a), /in a lift a year ago (b)/he hasn't are = get’ back into one. (c)/ —__ no error (d) _, s- My mother cant’ ‘ay/ swim when she (b)/ was achild _ . (c)/no error (d) —6~ She wasn't used (a)/to walk thuch (b)/so she started to feel pain and stiffness in her legs. (c)/no error (d) a- Sheela needs not (a)/go out as (b)/it is getting dark. (c)/no error (d) €s)_Agx “is am, ore, wad xe _k_ bod “used 3 oy the8. You dare (a)/not ts speak (b)/like this. (c)/ ae no error (d) 9. Radhika usedto (a)/go park when (b)/she. was in college. (c)/no error (d) ~~ 10. You need (a)/not have (b)/driverslowly. ae (c)/no error (d) , 11. How dare you te (a)/cast aspersions on (b)/my sister's character? (c)/no error (d) 12. My sister suggested (a)/to me that lL would spoxta el (b)/follow my dream. (c)/no error (d) 13. I expected that (a)/Rahul will (b) /never jJeave me. (c)/no error (d) ow 14. Close, the door (a)/behind you lest the (b)/ a man Tay follow us. (c)/no error (a) 15. My brother hoped (a}/that he wat (b)/pass the exam with flying colours. (c)/no error (4) jave + Sub+ 2 n ez Ga) 'Lesk! S its 1k . Wik ~~ 16. Shall you invite (a)/your brother to (b)/ — the party? (c)/no error (d) 17. We need to work hard (a)/but we need not t6. waste.{b)/time on unimportant lessons. ae (c)/no error (d) i ee 18. If we had left earlier (a)/we should had howe been (b)/able to stop off for a coffee. (c)/ no error (d) 19. They can be-abte-to (a)/work together (b)/ very efficiently. (c)/no error (d) (is) ‘You' Kk Sath ‘ShaW’ nbf ata , 'WiU' ata hol cia) ‘Can’ k Soth* be abies +o" use _nbi_krk 20. After many repeated attempts (a)/finally he eeutd clear (b)/the exam. (c)/no a error (d}°"e9e4 ______21. By the time (a)/you see my message (b)/I_ will have lngye for Delhi. (c)/no error (d)~ le22. When I was young (a)/I used to walking (b)/for two hours. (c)/no error (d) 4 23. A doctor ought to (a)/doing everything possible (b)/to save a patient. (c)/no error (d) 24. My mother prayed that (a)/her children may (b)/live long. (c)/no error (d) a 25. Mr. Rao, my boss should (a)/be bring,his wife (b)/with him to the party. (c)/no error (d) 26. If 1 get good marks (a)/my teachers will b< happy (b)/as much as my parénts. (c)/ no error (d) 27. You should (a)/had-better not (b)/be dependent on others(c)/no error (d) 28. I am sure he (a)/must feels! he has lost (b)/a close family friend. (c)/no error (d) 29. When the new park (a)/will open,{T'll (b)/ go there every day. (c)/no error (d) 30. "Work hard, lest (a)/you should fail", (b)/ said my mother to me. (c)/no error ( 31. He ¢lose to marry (a)/her although he (b)/ could’Staf’ unmarried. (c)/ no error (d) 32. If you called me (a)/I would can-(b)/help you. (c)/no error (d) 14)_"When'_k_satn "Shall / wii” _ko_vse._nhi_hoto_hol a 33. We ought always to check {a)/our work before sumitting it (b)/it's very important. (c)/no error (d) . 34. He is wearing a gold (a)/ring on his fourth finger (b)/he must be married. (c}/no error (d) 35. Her mother said (a)/that she has to (b)/ get up early. (c)/no error (d) ree awe brought 36. It is very cold there (a)/you should bring your (b)/woolen clothes but didn't (c)/no error (d)I am afraid (a)/it may (b)/rains tomorrow (c)/no error (d) , p=s* might a Radhika said to ‘b) /me that‘It"(b)/ may not be true. (c)/no error (d) a Isha dares you (a)/to ask (b)/Her friends —— name. (c)/no error (d) could — I had to go to the doctor (a)/because I was not (b)/bear the pain in my tooth. (c)/no __ error. (d) _— Either of the (a)/two books will (b) /met — my requirements. (c)/no error. (d) would Mr. Rao asked the newcomer (a)/if he wil mind (b)/working late that day. (c)/no error. (d) —_