PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1. Data refers to the numerical and quantitative measurements of geographic
occurrences, human activities, and their interrelationships. In other terms, datum
refers to quantitative data. As a result, data is sometimes referred to as
quantitative information. Numbers from the actual world determine the
measurement.
2. It is easy to see that there is a large amount of data available today worldwide.
However, if the data is in its raw form, it might be difficult to draw logical
inferences from it. As a result, it’s critical to guarantee that the measured data is
algorithmically produced, logically reasoned, and statistically estimated from a
variety of
sources.
3. Statistical approaches play a vital part in practically all disciplines that employ
data, including geography, in terms of analysis, presentation, and concluding.
4. The data are collected in the following ways. These are: (i) Primary Sources (ii)
Secondary Sources.
5. Primary data sources are those that are acquired for the first time by a person or
a group of individuals, institutions, or organisations.
6. Secondary sources are data acquired from any public or unpublished source.
7. Absolute data, often known as raw data, is data provided in its native form as
numbers. For example, a country’s or state’s total population, a crop’s or
manufacturing industry’s total production, and so on.
CHAPTER 3
1 Line Graph
The line graphs are usually drawn to represent the time series data related to the
temperature, rainfall, population growth, birth rates and death rates.
2 Multiple Bar Diagram
Multiple bar diagrams are constructed to represent two or more than two variables
for the purpose of comparison.
3 Compound Bar Diagram
When different components are grouped in one set of variable or different variables
of one component are put together, and a compound bar diagram makes their
representation. Different variables are shown in a single bar with different rectangles
in this method.
4 Dot Maps
The dot maps are drawn to show the distribution of phenomena such as population,
cattle, types of crops, etc. The dots of the same size as per the chosen scale are
marked over the given administrative units to highlight the patterns of distribution.
5 Choropleth Map
The choropleth maps are also drawn to depict the data characteristics as they are
related to the administrative units. These maps are used to represent the density
of population, literacy/growth rates, sex-ratio, etc.
