Introduction to occlusion
- Occlusion= how teeth meet
- Aim is to not disrupt occlusions during restoration
Determinants of occlusion
TMJ
- Freely moving joint
- 2 joint cavities
- Upper- between temporal bone (glenoid fossa) and articular disc
- Lower- between disc and head of condyle
- Mandible can rotate and translate
- Allows rotation of the mandible in 3 planes
1. Intercondylar axis- rotation upwards and downwards
2. Vertical axis
3. Sagittal axis
- Translation in 2 planes
1. Laterally
2. Anterio-posteriorly
- Movement involves mixture of the two
ICP vs CR
- intercuspal position (ICP)
the relationship of teeth when they are fully touching, and jaws are clenched
together)
- can be used to find the Occlusal vertical dimension (the vertical position of the
mandible in relation to maxilla when teeth are occluded)
- Centric relation (CR)
- relationship of the maxilla when the mandibular condyles are in the most superior
and anterior position with the articular disk properly interposed
- Independent of tooth contact
- Reproducible reference position
- Retruded contact position (RCP)
- The first tooth contact in centric relation
- Least reproducible movement
- Resting vertical dimension
- Position of the jaws in a relaxed state
Rotating and orbiting functions
- Working side: the side that moves (WS)
- In lateral excursion the WS condyles rotate e.g., moving jaw to left, left condyles will
rotate
- NWS condyles will orbit with a more open and sweeping path
- NSW will not involve tooth contact
Posset’s border movements
- Chewing starts at ICP
- Mandible retrudes into CR
- When mandible opens it is a rotational movement at first (20mm)
- Further opening= translation movement (25-30mm)
- Jaw closes along retruding arc of closure into maximal protruded position (PR)
- Mandible retrudes to EE-edge to edge contact of incisors
- Upon further retrusion mandible goes back into ICP position
Muscles of mastication
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Temporalis Temporal Fossa Coronoid Elevation CNV3 (deep
process and Retrusion temporal)
Anterior Ipsilateral
Ramus excursion
Masseter Maxillary process Angle of Elevation CNV3
(superficial) of zygomatic bone mandible Protrusion (masseteric
Inferior border of Lateral surface nerve)
zygomatic arch of ramus
(ant 2/3)
Masseter Inferior surface of Angle of Elevation CNV3
(deep) zygomatic arch mandible (masseteric
(post 1/3) Lateral surface Protrusion nerve)
of ramus
Lateral Greater wing of Articular disc Depresses, CNV3
Pterygoid sphenoid and Capsule of protrudes and
(superior) TMJ lateral
movement of
mandible
Lateral Lateral pterygoid Condylar Depresses, CNV3
Pterygoid plate of sphenoid process protrudes and
(inferior) (Lateral surface) mandible lateral
movement of
mandible
Medial Maxillary Medial surface Elevates, CNV3
Pterygoid tuberosity and of ramus and protrudes and
(superficial) pyramidal process angle of lateral
of palatine bone mandible movement of
mandible
Medial Lateral pterygoid Medial surface Elevates, CNV3
Pterygoid plate of sphenoid of ramus and protrudes and
(deep) (Medial surface angle of lateral
mandible movement of
mandible
Buccinator Alveolar process of Angle of Compresses CN7 (buccal
maxilla and mouth cheeks branch)
mandible,
pterygomandibula
r raphe
