wH-h @ ---l I ---<-.

'<:/= c> f
+ Ys/n0 tJ j
• 'o y i:zv -t- Y 98 qo

v-== K J co~ a
y' t-

._ ?!vevi \h?f fh e eiUA/-/M

elec-tv/c ,f,'e{J /v..f4i,v,[Link]
/1:,
"'The
' II •

l..' (h'c_A_f-f()-f) 'je f

fl.,,' 4
t-0.(>
0 \A
V

E7;: k J [2 -w ,& av + Sivi B ;eJ v{m -

y3 I

J>i po le Mo wte,J : p
l~c+vi c.· - -·
[p = 1J
----
& c -~

I/-Pj e,_al] C -~

v/Wi
 e/ecfy,'c pof-e~f-,'~ V /~
we have

V :::: k J co~ 0
y2 -

I V == 3• 17 V 1
Hie
@; ~I -- t0 w i'~ v Jl'po/e • p( 2o 'Y1 C- wt /J..,
pr-oh/em
.• ff;!:- - S-o qi 'Y1 c- "" h., al -(O, oJ g) ,
o # .u J,• po.f,e
1
O" f ,- ,'-.11 OM J. O. IA
.f';'e /J ,'v,,+e_f/lJ ; ly '
po 1:-e v,. f/ oJ a,.,J I el ec-!:-
" ,' e
p e-!:-ev -.w'.,. e e Iec h,-,' c
a. -l- a.. po ;tA..f- 'Wt,/& w
be Wee,,//\ tfi e -f:-w o cl po {e-8
rfi'-wl el ec+vi'c po f-e"' t/ ,J cd:--
f·
Sol~ ' pZ (O O I 1 ~) tleA- [Link]

we hqve V = l< & Jc o~ a

y- :;: -lf
y 2-,.

The e.,( eck-r-,'c po t-elA, f-/ cJ. o1 - P /-$

V :::: V1 + V 2-
-C f +~ -~
'1 Io ~t o
- '? I o 2.o ?Ci co
+
5°f )

(0 2- f-0 2-
f>i ::= .2 0 'Y\ c.- Vv\

- JI I~ s -t 2..~· /2 .5

p9.- ;:::- -
..-\.
So Qz. o/\ C~W'
IV ;; 39 ·'J 75
'V )
lpZj:; (f; lJ: :: s-0 ~1 o~ c~ 'M

[Link] ¼e . el ec+-v / c ~· etJ ,~Vvhwt'J-y

& ~o' we

:;;- I< tJ..J r, 7

L£ C.0'> 8 q ,y + S, vi 9
A 1
C l~
y3
p ,,/)
-rhe .e ( e.e- -t-"t" / c. tt> 'e lJ ,'~ v. ,g lfr J cJ-- po1\d-
~;:: e=( + et
 .--\ .-'\_
== 5, (, 2.5 qy - llr•o 62- 5 ~y

~:: = -& ",~ 31 5~

\
 Po; l.>-~on ' 1 . a,\I\.J . Lap 1tt42 . ;

Fto'ICA G,[Link] La.w we hct ve

v, t'-== Sv <D

8u± J>7::. G °e' _. @

Su..h.1:.+/ -l-vl-e @ ,',.. Ci)
v · G-it' ::r iv
V• -t' g\/ ~@
e
w~ h0i11e ,g,::. _ V v ®
S u..b !,· ./.-~ @) 1" @
V •- VV :::: fv
G-
- V• VV
- fv

-
G-

"v • '1 V :: - fv
G-

~ [ + }- f +~;\., ( 9v ( +k {-t- 9 ;!\j :::: -!v

( ~:;<.- Q'J 'dz ) c-'vX-- 9'1 2-

2- £., t...

1!- + 1Y- ;:; -Ji_

'd G-

r
'o ,x. 2- 'r) 'l- r;) 2-

s;;rQ := -! ]-@ f'oi'Mon''> e.c,_ualrion

heve. "'vi.,-'> La..p (qtt'o'v\ <'JfeY--etl-ov

Tue VollM\ltL cht1v-p &tM i &-.f a-,,/ c(oJeJ pd'h oul-1>,·ck ,'~ uvo

.·.[v~::- o ].-. (!} LOfl•ee rTv-a./-io,, L _,!g,l'''o

 PY-o hkim (j) r{

poiMori'~ [Link].a+/ot> We h4ve

£,.
'v V-::-. -fv
G
:;z...

-
2.,

+ r;; lf i-- + 1-!:!_ _. - fv

0 ,c 2-- 'dz, 2- G

f.. 3 -fv
3o X 'd + Z Io x-z. + t> ,;:;

p
.JV ;:: - 2 • 2.5?4 %• g- 5 4 l'l I o
~, 2. r: o X '(/ z. +
(! 2- 3
I O?C -z..
J
.fv = - 2.• 2-5''148-•%"5°<(1010'2-f,io- Sl fj

[ Sv = llf--34- "rJ c/'"3 ]

11i\ ,f..,-u
© J'f e /ee.-tv-,' c. pO-t-evi,-h'al a -1-- Pol v.., 1-- P {3 , 6 0) .J, pA-<'f.,
P-ro b~m
1), V::: 3o c.a1;,8 <kf--eV'I/\M w
1

\to (~ cha.-rr *IA-fl1c7' J'v Jp ot' IAi -p,

1
y2-

Sol~~ Fv'tr\V\ poi'Mo'h ''> ei,ue4.+tv<> we h" V-t'.

-
2,..
-V V:: - fv
G-
Po L.,+ p /1') ,'"' ..g.'t"ee ~p 4 Ce
'l,.
V V:::: - fv
e-0

GJ,' ven y == _3o Co-'> 8

y'i- -
2-,
• I d\l .fv
+y
---
-<Je'l Go

0 -:::
-
--s'v
G-o

·1 fv ,_ o ]
 I r

N o,- i , : I -f -U.e -h-J-o ch ct "r--5 a:re p1«c.J J a_: J./J f4 n Ce f<.. , •./1, eM

• ...
~e e'fle"r/ 1\ r1've1A. b>J

E:nerrJ. 8-t-oveJ iV\ a.... co...pa..d -1:-vv :

<""""

C
t- -
t- 6l.-
+
---· - 1,.-----
+
+ ,-
+ -
J.-V
Po.-ro..l(e( pl a:te Ca.-fao' fo-.1
r

L
I f

I I I
_, ,
- l I
,, t.:,... J.. ... .,.,
- ""
---IIL - '- -I- - ,.

hl:D = E''f\er3 'cf _ t,.J

Vo (u,v.,t.e v~bl
 P-roblem (D A co..pa.~+ov Co'\t\J,ihf--'> 8.f +wo "fV\ef0i/ p(a+e }-,° 1/fJ w/-rh a./Y
w;-tn o.. ~epeva.-h'Or'l J;\-tan{e 0 .f l-mn-1, Thp J;\v,R~ /ow, 6,f- [Link] p}af-() i/2
5' o cw. x '4-0 C\M , I -9 Hie Cc,..pcu)f-ov ,_,, CoY>f\ ec+eJ ac vOhS ct Cf V bo,:/h?Vtf
1 J

k-1:ev-v•,\/i\e (,) Co..pt,u'[Link] of -H,@ ca.-rau'·hw (Ji) 1>-l:-or1el IV\ -1:?ie

Cofo.c,H-ov (L,'i) Vo(l,(,W.,f «:J,f -U.e ~ttt/-1-ov ()y) ,{Tne-rgy [Link] ..
d
+
+ Afv -
t
+

+
q\/
(;) c. -:::
-- - ---
E; A
J
J.
- G-o &.r A ,:: i, • S'"4' /'Ii ') ~12..
D /<l /

0,001
,X
G )
O • 'f "1-, 0 • 5'

r
•
Cc= l
/•T7'Y \F
2... '1 2...
(li) W ::: -L CV -=. L J,, 7 '14 ID (9) -::= 71 • 6 ~5 'Y1 J
2- 2-

1 w ,= "1 I • 6 !? 5 'YI J_ I

-~ 3
Vvol :::: A J == (o• tp )' o,s) )' o, ool -:: : : £)( IV wi

_ c, , I

,/-685"'/G ID
({v) [Link]) ;:: - - :::
Vvol £ J< Io (j,

1"fo b~ Cf) .A [Link]/le,/ pl,.+e eapatA'fvv -fi• /(eel'_ wt'#i ou'v- 14/-fh i-epevalr{Jr)

&'h+a/lC e 0 1 S"''Mm, r.J? -lt-ie eo..pav'-lvv ,'~ CcJnnec-hJ acvo,½ c:l. qv bcclevJ/
~+ev •,1A,,'ne (i) lec·h,/c rf'le{J be-twefll'1 -/tie +wo p/a+e.!> G'i)j ETnev9y k'dj)fy

--
eof•:

c= = Go~vA
[Link]- G-oA
J.
8 ::c- .,Y........ . ', V ::: c J.
J..
Vv0( := A J.
 Js ([Link].~ A~)
~+-~,,=:~ yreuvv~4J>e~;ty) == cwv :ve ~
Suv,:Pa A't'e.~
c-

- Ve IJ,311 ;~·C A+e k~ e fvi fhe chavp-e, ofen,,ffy

sub ~ h' -1:-u:l-e ® :r1 (,)

- dfA
d./:-
== fr .
s ..
ots=>

we hav e ::::- j J'v Jv -4>@ •

J-

V
S u.b ,,}, -!-u:t·e @ in @

§ 1'-~ == -Acif--- [ fJ' viv )

f ,.,, oW\ J>; ve vg--e nCR -1:h eo ven1 vJ e hCl Ve

ji "i!'. ll == JC~•:f)Jv @
s V
~<.V>1>-l-,' ftAke {f) i'n @ Cot.d/ v1w·-Jy
6) eiuof/o,..., o:P,
J(v•J!7)Jv ==
V
- J
V
t!" Jv Cu vve~,--1:- ; VI
J...·,Hevevi:b'[Link] vm.
 Co ~J:+; on~_ :Pov. &"{ect-yi c. Fie (J :
cO V\J v\ c+tng, pJ q, e
(- . +)

·•
we [Link] eIec-l-v/c
E7-;;; _K <9.. _.
/j.. y'i-

o--------4-------

Cl

;:; + f O .t,.x - 0
o(

lT+1 h.'d ;::: E'h., 6!f

[ e-t-1 = e--1,2- J e-( <2d-v, 'c £!. 'e IJi I-', Co Jn' n u O ,,,_, cfb v
- -ro. ~,e,, +, 'a.f C.O mp tJ LAe v.1- .
 We have

t' e-v E?-o i7

--:7
:P.f-1 = t'( I e-o e-{,
l>fa., =-- Gv2.. G- e-{2,
0

-l>f, - Gv,~%
-
Dl_ G v2 ;f a< %
1)_(,
-- Gv-t

J) ~ cy 2-

N t1-vW\,AI , e o ~ o ~ :
£w iv C o~ 0 w J- I-;>
l:f l ec-ty/c .f( u. x J.e~ ly 1/vJ v ~

[ J>r11 - 1>'1'12. = .rs I

Co J.u.c.-t-ov i }'1 free Spct~ ;

l .,i-, .. e-n. == 0 l

1. l)"'i = rs J
-
- .fs