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 Resistivities of Some Common Substances (at 20°C)
Substance Resistivity
Category
(Material)
Conductors : Metals
1. Silver 1.60 X 10"8 Q m
2. Copper 1.69 X 10"8 Q m
3. Aluminium 2.63 x lo-8 Q m
4. Tungsten 5.20 X 10"8 Q m
5. Nickel 6.84 X 10"8 Q m
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8. Mercury 94.0 x lo-8 Q m
9. Manganese }84.0 X lQ-8 Qm
Alloys
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(Cu-Mn-Ni)
2. Constantan 49 x lo-8 Q m
(Cu-Ni)
3. Nichrome 110 X 10"8 Q m
(Ni-Cr-Mn-F e)
Semiconductors : 1. Germanium 0.6 Qm
2. Silicon 2300 Q m
Insulators : 1. Glass 1010 to 1014 Q m
2. Paper (Dry) 1012 Q m
3. Diamond 1012 to 1013 Q m
4. Hard rubber 1013 to 1016 Q m
5. Ebonite 1015 to 1017 Q m

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f>0W"1 .,, cJ.,'""'a cf I 1-<i lol,.)oil i~ u,&ed Jcrr I -t.ioUJ1.

I \-< i\owo.:if -~ow, = I ooo ~ J ~ I ~c,u)J

( l<;\ow~ - ~oWl = 1000 .l 0ule,i Jar I f..oW7

-s [Link].J-

1 k;\owo.H·- ~oWl = looo J o ~ )< 60 )( 6 0 ~

~
11<;\owo..H•-t-..oWl = 3boo X1000

= 3.I:, Xto'J

02~ ll "'("~•~~ -lto.\Ji-nd o. powt.n T~~ °d 3S'ow opvr~ ~

10 .J..01JJ1~ o. ~ • (~~ ilit... C.O,&t ~ d~c.c:J e.~<1° -\'t:)

oreriok i-4- ~a-.- o. 'TV'lan¼i oJ -30 d~_g. The.. .note. <i-

el~\-c-,c:.o) e-oeri~(\ i~ ""'R_,i 3,40f>UI 1-<Wn
~ P-= 3Sc,\.J
-= ~ kW
looo

-==- 0,35 kw
 T,......,..e., (t 1 = Io X 30 -l,oUJl
.,,_ 3<:>C> 4,

c:-= Pxt
= o. 35" x i3oo kWh

= foS' kW~

Cb,,J c1 \ k(jh ~ e.\ec,\-,nc.~"o = ""R~ -3.40

Co~ cf I o.S- KWh ~ [Link] c.i~ = '3, 4 o ')(. I oS

=- 7?~ .::3S1

[Link] ~c.t ~ CltJ'\J1eY'I+

Whe.V\ OCV"\ [Link]-i c.. [Link],e.-rr\· i~ pn~[Link] -1-h-c-o~h o. 1'~h

'""e.~1~-\-q-('\ce.. t,....,;....-e.., .like. "Y"li ~ c.,.u'--ce. , -tt,e.. ~e,tJ~-\-cn,c.e.. ~'r'~
'be.~e.. '\l~ ~ot CW1d p"lroduc~ -t-.~- l'hl,). ~ o:[Link]..d -Hrie..
-t--e.o.\rnd ~t ~ [Link]."'+ •

Q-vvlo4-("ri' cf wo,r k ~
W= ~ x..J
~ -= J..t X \)' Ca..:II::]
w =ItxrR [V = IR.]
w = .:c'[Link]
~J,J,Lt'l'Y'W'\J .twJ oll ~ eJu:.+-cic..J ~-<.dOV'\e. o-r o1.t ~e... e![Link]{cJ
e.,n~ Co()~ ,,, Car\'\Je.n\-c:J \'/\h:, ~e:J. eV'lena <1 / !,.l~ C:Ct.'"(\

1JJ.11i+e 'Heed- p-roduce.d' iY1 pl~c~ cf 1

wo""kd0-tle.' i""' -tt-,li!..
~c. e~O"r\· Thu,-,
~I_l-f_==_-r_2._x._R_x_t~

4> -[Link].:,& Jaw 'cl t,~~

lh~ ~a¼ ~[Link]:l [Link] a. w..i....-c. ~ c:fc°Te.c.t8 f>-roF-h·-noJ +o :-
l1l .s~[Link]. c2f C.U:,UC"'(\~ C. :;>-)
H«r2.
~ 11 JTe~i,LkYIC.C tl ~;- e
H~""R.
L11,) -lN"""'t. (+) 4-o-c t.,J~ic.h [Link]'le-t)~ i,- p~c.J.
11"' -t
e) ccJc:JcJe ~ ~eAt- f>[Link] ~~Y'I 9b, ooo [Link]'YY'lb~ 'd c..h"'Me.
i7:, +-r~~e,o,~d i"" I -howi -tt,--c~h Cl. pote.-,,ho.l c:.1.t&fvic-oc~
i1" St> ~ol+,..

~ :t: =3/t
:x: = "t 6, ooo
60 )< /JO

:x: ::: -Rl..b7A

c~[Link]. -¼i-\<. ..n~)fcrnce.. btl u~s Oh'Y\'1~ .Po..w:
'F-:::'3/.I
R-~
~6.67

R = 1. 87..0..
HCD.i rodU.C41.d \--f = T'2.. X R.>C t
== (1<6-67),_ X l-87 X 60 X6o
= L\, 88400 '-1
= 47 ~8-1.11-<.J
Th~ ~e:J. p,s-od.,..[Link] iJ, 47~~- '1 KJ

Ppplio::.},on ~ -¼+le.. He..cdi~ ~e..d- cf ~+

'·> Tue. ~e.c:1~ c-Mec.t ~ [Link].V\t- i~ [Link],~eJ i-n ~ ~'13
1 ded-,i~ ~e.~ OfP~·a'"'f\c.~ su~ o.,. [Link].d"'rl'c.. iTO'<l I e.l~c..hic
1-d-\-\e. J ~e.c'mc -to~ 1 J\OO'l'() 'he~ de..
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~c.c.~c. b~bJb Ce9~[Link]. ~Q"l'TI~) ~ [Link],~ ~ah~

No\e-:- T1.1va~ 'YYtjo.) ij, ~ jar -mok'1} ~ &•~e-t'l+,.g
cJ ~c..~c Wb_.g bcc:[Link].~ ,·~ ~~~ o. '\Jen~ J,,a~ """J.1,:-,,,J-
0
poi""l'I-\- ( '3~~ C.)
~- ~e.. [Link]~ ~ed- oJ c.l~c.h-ic.. [Link]-nt- i'- u:[Link]~~ 1'-1}
d~c.~c.. Ju_!.e. ~ p~oh~.ch~ -l,°'-'Ae.1'old W-\-n~ <W'IJ
cl e..c.m c. cJ [Link]' ,·o."" c..e.$. .