Index Number
Index Number
*Index Number এ সবসময় ২ টি বছর নিয়য় কাজ করা হয় । শুরুর বছরটিয়ক বলা হয়
Base Year. এবং অিয বছরটিয়ক বলা হয় Current Year.
এখ্ায়ি ২০১৫ সাল হল Base year এবং ২০২২ সাল হল Current year.
Symbol:
Base year কক o দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয় ।
Current year কক n দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয় ।
Price কক P দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয় ।
Quantity কক q দ্বারা প্রকাশ করা হয় ।
1. Price Index.
2. Living Index
3. Real Income.
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨
1. Laspeyre’s Price Index (oPn) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
2. Paasche’s Price Index (oPn) = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
3. Fisher’s Ideal Price Index (oPn) = √𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 or √𝑳 × 𝑷 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
কমেন্ট করার সেয় েমে রাখমে হমে যে, Base year এর Result সেসেয় 100%
হয় । আোমের েযামের Answer েদে 100% এর যেমক যেদি হয় োহমে
Increase দেখে এেং 100% এর যেমক কে হয় োহমে Decrease দেখমো ।
গত ক্লায়স বয়লনছলাম মায়দর Index Number এর মযায়থ চারটি
জজনিস নিয়য় কাজ কয়র থানক ।
Base year = o
Current year = n
Price = P
Quantity = q
Formula:
oPn × nPo = 1
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨
√𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨 = 1
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
Factor Reversal Test এর ফলাফল সবসময় হয়ত হয়ব ।
𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨
Formula:
oPn × oqn =
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧 𝛜 𝐪𝐧𝐩𝐨 𝛜 𝐪𝐧𝐩𝐧 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
√𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨 × × × =
𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨
𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧 𝛜 𝐪𝐨𝐩𝐨 𝛜 𝐪𝐨𝐩𝐧
অথাৎ
য কর্খ্ায়ি “n” নছয়লা কসখ্ায়ি “o” নলখ্য়ত হয়ব এবং
কর্খ্ায়ি “o” নছয়লা কসখ্ায়ি “n” নলখ্য়ত হয়ব ।
Problem – 01:
From the following data calculate Fisher’s Ideal Price Index and verify the “Time Reversal
Test;” and “Factor Reversal Test:”
1990 2000
Commodity
Price (Po) Quantity (qo) Price (Pn) Quantity (qn)
A 5 50 6 72
B 7 84 10 80
C 10 80 12 96
D 4 20 5 30
E 8 56 8 64
We know,
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐨 𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
Fisher’s ideal price index (oPn) = √𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐧 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟖 𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟔
= √𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟔 × 𝟐𝟓𝟏𝟐 × 100
= 1
So, the time reversal test is satisfied.
(𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟔)𝟐
= √(𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟔)𝟐
𝟑𝟎𝟒𝟔
= 𝟐𝟏𝟔𝟔
𝛜 𝐩𝐧𝐪𝐧
= 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨
∑𝐖𝐈
Cost of living Index (oCn) = × 100
∑𝐖
Here,
W = Weight
I = Index
Living Index এ Base Year এর Price এবং Current year এর Price নিয়য়
কাজ করা হয় ।
WEIGHT
Problem – 02: NU-2003
An inquiry into the budgets of middle class family in Comilla gave the following information
Calculation Table
WI =
2001 2002 Weight 𝑷𝒏
Expenses Index= Weight ×
(Po) (Pn) (W) 𝑷𝒐
Index
Food 150 174 .20 1.16 0.232
𝟏.𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟓
= × 100
𝟏
= 126.45%
∑W= ∑WI =
23680 26444
We Know,
∑𝐖𝐈
Cost of living Index (oCn = × 100
∑𝐖
𝟐𝟔𝟒𝟒𝟒
= × 100
𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟖𝟎
= 111.67%
𝑾𝒆𝒆𝒌𝒍𝒚/𝑴𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒉𝒍𝒚/𝑫𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒚 𝑰𝒏𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒆
Real Income =
𝑪𝒐𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑳𝒊𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒙
𝟑𝟔𝟓
1990 100 365 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 365 -
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟒𝟎𝟐
1991 104 402 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟖𝟔. 𝟓𝟒 105.9%
𝟏𝟎𝟒
𝟒𝟖𝟓
1992 116 485 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟒𝟏𝟖. 𝟏𝟎 108.16%
𝟏𝟏𝟔
𝟓𝟐𝟎
1993 160 520 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟑𝟐𝟓 77.73%
𝟏𝟔𝟎
𝟓𝟔𝟎
1994 205 560 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟏𝟕 84.05%
𝟐𝟎𝟓
𝟓𝟗𝟎
1995 250 590 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟑𝟔 86.39%
𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟔𝟒𝟎
1996 290 640 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟐𝟎. 𝟔𝟗 93.51%
𝟐𝟗𝟎
𝟔𝟕𝟎
1997 310 670 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟑 97.93%
𝟑𝟏𝟎
Comment: From the above calculation of Real Income, We can find out
that the real income is increased in 1991 and 1992. And Decreased in
rest of the years.
Solution:
Let,
In 1990-1997 Food index = x.
Table for Living Index.
WI = Weight ×
Expenses Weight Index
Index
Food 40 x 40x
Rent 15 60 900
Dress 20 180 3600
Fuel 10 75 750
Misc. 15 165 2475
∑WI = 7725+40x
∑W= 100
Given that,
oCn = 205.72
We know,
∑𝐖𝐈
Cost of living Index (oCn) =
∑𝐖
𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟓+𝟒𝟎𝐱
Or, 205.72 =
𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟏𝟐𝟖𝟒𝟕
Or, x =
𝟒𝟎
x = 321. 17
Problem – 06: NU-1993
From the following information calculate Fisher’s ideal index number.
Based year Current year
Product
Price in Tk. Quantity Price in Tk. Quantity
A 6 50 10 56
B 2 100 2 120
C 4 60 6 60
D 10 30 12 24
E 8 40 12 36
Req-i:
𝛜 𝐩𝟐𝐪𝐨 𝛜 𝐩𝟐𝐪𝟐
Fisher’s ideal price index (oP2) = √𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝐨 × 𝛜 𝐩𝐨𝐪𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟑𝟖𝟒.𝟕𝟔 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟑.𝟏𝟐
= √𝟑𝟒𝟗𝟎.𝟓𝟔 × 𝟒𝟒𝟕𝟒.𝟐𝟖 × 100
= 95.21%
We know,
𝛜 𝐩𝟐𝐪𝟏 𝛜 𝐩𝟐𝐪𝟐
Fisher’s ideal price index (oPn) = √𝛜 𝐩𝟏𝐪𝟏 × 𝛜 𝐩𝟏𝐪𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝟑𝟗𝟒𝟏.𝟓𝟔 𝟒𝟏𝟖𝟑.𝟏𝟐
= √𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟐.𝟓𝟔 × 𝟑𝟐𝟎𝟎.𝟎𝟖 × 100
Req-ii:
Discuss on the using index method: Since the based year and current
price and quantity given on the question, so the perfect method of
index number under Fisher’s price index method.
Theory Suggestions:
01. Define index number. What is meant cost of living index number?
02. Proved Factor Reversal Test & Time Reversal Test?
03. Distinguish between price Index Number & Cost of living Index
number?
04. Discuss the importance of index number. Discuss the
characteristics of index number.
05. Discuss the distinguish between price index number and quantity
index.