CONTENTS 2022 MADE EASY WOrkbOOK REASONING & APTITUDE Section-A: ; Engineering Mathematics _- Linear Algebra A Calculus 4-3 Vector Calculus . 4. Differential Equations 5. Complex Variables .. 6. Probability and Statistics. 7. Numerical Methods... 8. Laplace Transforms... 9. Fourier Series 10. Partial Differential Equations ... Section-B: . Aptitude & Reasoning wessecsecencanee 114-169 General Englis coy 5 es es Subject mater to MADE EASY Publications, New Del, No pat of ay De reproduced or utiedn any form without the wren permisson.Engineering /xand Y are two singular matrices such that Y= Yand YX= Xthen X2+ Y2equals ¥ Ka X+Y (o) xY x @2K+y [lsc] oy D,E are non-singular matrices of same order such that DABEC = I then B-* (@) DAEC (b) ADEC (©) ECDA (@) ECAD ¥ [GATE] Let M* = /, (where I denotes the identity matrix) and M+ |, M? + | and M® + |. Then, for any Natural number k, M- equals: (@ Make (0) make2 (©) Maes @ u* [GATE-2016) abe Gwhere A=|x y Z| then det_ gr forsome a, B eR ore ©. lo If Ais orthogonal then, Upssued woman oa FARE Udy Aus Wf Pesign 2 peorpar wa Feu WOON SWE Wed ON IHEO MEN SSOIESARY MOVG SOYW SRA DOS BWIOD Mathematics Linear Algebra ‘Multiplication off jere are three matrixes P{4 x2), Q(2 x4) and 'A(4 x1), The minimum of muttiplication required to compute the matrix POR is ICE, GATE-2013, 1 Mark] yr it be a3 x 3 matrix, whose elements are ~PVi,j then A @) Aitselt (©) Aga oA (@) does not exist 01238 re 1030 of/ © determinant of matix |) 9 6 {) is 3012 S ICE, GATE-2014 : 1 Mark] ‘he determinant of matrix A is 5 and the Z/, eterminant of matrix Bis 40. The determinant of matrix AB is / ofp matrix A= [EC, GATE-2014 : 1 Mark] has det(A)=1 con® coao onae chon Publications:Engineering Mathematics nal aNd trace (A)=14, The value of 1a - bl Is [EC, GATE-2016 : 2 Marke} taa|® 2 ei of [: 24 [4° |= 125 then a = Adjoint 12-1 A=|23 1 05 73 Poy Qn and “11-91 AGA=|4 2 -3) then k= _\s 10k 7 4 2 2 @p 6 4 © 0 -) @+ : os (b) 3 @5 mao 0 fr=|2 1 3 n 6 3 1 @e + 1 IEE, GATE-2005, 2 marks] ¥ 1 At : fl The rank of the matrix |1 -1 0} is \ tet A @o ()1 @2 3 [EC, GATE-2006, 1 mark] ag Let A=[ay]1sijsn with 28 and ay = ij. The rank of Ais 1 @n ICE, GATE-2015 : 1 Mark] @o (o) n-1 9 Rous Y008 SG JO VEG ON WIG MON "SUOREO|aRa ASV SGV Ol Onew IoelaRS "BUNGE © oui wi0) Aa MADE ERsY leatione mave EASY ———— Publications 41:12 13 14 21 22 23 24 A= 54 32 93 34 AL 42 43 44. Rank of A = —— @1 o) 2 3 @4 The rank of the matrix 1-100 O01 01-10 : 10. 0, 0 0001-4 e [EC, GATE-2017 : 1 Mark] 47 2 3 -1 5|is2thenx=__. Fen BeiX| \ at Q, acco ‘The rank of A / if X is, x1 non-zero matrix then the rank of As . {vis a non-zero vector of dimension 3 x ‘hen the matrix A = wT has rank = IGATE 2017] 4-2 6 12 6l be 5 10 5 twomatrices. Then the rank of P+ Qis_\_. [GATE 2017] pas 23 ‘j= Non Homogeneous Linear System insider the following system of linear uations : » 21 Ax) fal 43 ~2lly|-l5 12 -]lz] [7Publications. Notice that the second and the third columns of the coefficient matrix are linearly dependent. For how many values of a, does this system of equations have infinitely many solutions? ao (b)1 @2 (d) infinitely many. [C8, GATE-2003, 2 marks] fs a 3 x 4 real matrix and AY = b Is an sistent system of equations. The highest possible rank of Ais @i 3 (o) 2 (a4 IME, GATE-2005, 1 mark] ider the following system of equations in three real variables x,,x, and x, . 2x) + Sty = 1 81-2, + Bry a ag tty This system of equations has (@) nosolution (b) aunique solution (c) more than one buta finite number of solutions (@) aninfinite number of solutions [CS, GATE-2008, 2 marks} folowing simultaneous equations xty+z=3 xt 2y+3z=4 x+dy+hz=6 will NOT have a unique solution for. equal to @o 5 6 (@7 " ICE, GATE-2008, 2 marks x4 4y+6z=2 xedyedzap has NO solution for values of A and y given by @A=6,y=20 (0) 4=6,u#20 (© A¥6,y=20 (d) A#6,p#20 f [EC, GATE-2011, 2 mark] system of equations xty+z=6 Workbook 5 a: ‘sider the following linear system. ° x+2y-3z24 iF 2e 4 By +3r=b Sr + 9y-6z=0 e This system is consistent if a, b and c satisty g the equation 8g (@) 7a-b-c=0 (b)3a+b-c= a (0) 8a-b+c=0 (od) 7a~b+c=0° : ¥ ICE, GATE-2016 : 2 Marks] 5/0. system of equations Rl A/xtyszet g 2x + 3y- 2 x+ay- : Where ke R, has infinitely many solutions i for__. 5 [csin} 8 ¥ Homogeneous Linear System S he system of equations 3 WY ws +y+2=0 a x+ay+Z=0 xtytaz=0 Has infinitely many solutions. The set of values, of a for this to happen is (@) {1-1} (o) (-1, 2} (©) 2.2) @) 21) [sc] Qs at A be 3 x 4 matrix. The system of equaticns AX =O has {@) Unique solution (0) Infinite solutions (©) Nosolution (d) Exactly 2 solutions y an following system has nontrivial solu pr+gy+z=0 g++ pz=0 e+ py+qz=0 then which one ofthe following options is True? @p-q+re00r ()) p+ G-s=00rp (@p+qt+r=0orp @p-q+r=0or Publleations6 Engineering Mathematics awe et A=(@j)4,.4 Such that a, = 3V4,/ then nullity of Ais _ Basis and Dimension sider the set of (column) vectors defined by X= (xe AP1 x, + xy + xy = 0, where xT =[x4,x9,x4]"). Which of the following is TRUE? @ {[1, =1, OF, [1, 0, -1)") Is @ basis for the ‘subspace X. ©) (U1, -1, 017, (1, 0, -17) is a linearly independent set, butit does not span Xarid therefore is not a basis of X {€) Xis not a subspace for A? (d) None of the above {CS, GATE-2007, 2 marks) Let A be an mx n matrix with rank r, the dimension of the space of solutions ofthe system of linear equations AK=0is | @r (bo) n-r (© m-r (d) min{m, n}-r [GATE] dimension of the null space of the matrix Her Q: 1-4 -10 @o @2 (o) 1 @s SS [IN, GATE-2013 : 1 mark] igen values and the corresponding eigen vectors of a2 x 2matrxare given bys \ Eigen value Eigen vector of wl] The matrix is eetans WOnAGoD © 7a ouy Thowaim ward) Aue ul pesilin 70 peonporde1 6@ feu ¥00G Si 19 Wed ON TuleG AON "suOReONand ASV SQW Oh OnEW MADE ERSY Publications 48 @ [: ‘] 24 © [i 4] [EC, GATE-2006, 2 marks] z ; gir the matrix ( 1] the eigen value 101] @2 ()4 6 4 Q.38 The linear operation L(x)is defined by the cross product La) = bx X, where b=[0 1 0]? and = [x,%)%4]" are three area vectors. The 3 x 3 matrix this aa In satisfies 2nd Compre wae Ma Then the eigen values of Mare (@0,+1,-1 () 1-11 @i-nt @ia0 IEE, GATE-2007, 2 marks] (8 [EC, GATE-2006, 2 marks] Eigen Values 124 Qs matrix |3 © 6 |has one eigen value equal 1142 103. The sum of the other two eigen values is @p (b) p-1 (©) p-2 (@) p-3 (ME, GATE-2008, 1 mark] aye eigen values of a (2 x 2) matrix X are -2 and -3. The eigen values of the matrix (X41 (X+ 50) are (a) -3,4 (b) -1, -2 (©) -1,-3 (@) -2,-4 [IN, GATE-2009, 2 Marks]Publications ¥ 2 Conse following matrix: 124 6 pelt 3 9 27 14 16 64 15 25 126 The absolute value of the product of Eigen values of R is ¥ ICS, GATE-2019 : 2 Marks] Q.42’ The condition for which the eigen values of the 24 ras [5 1} e positive, is @ woh (o) k>-2 (k>0 @ ke} IME, GATE-2016 : 1 Mark] S) tas Q.4¥ Theeigenvaluesofthematix A=|0 5 6 065 ae @-1.5,6 () 1,528 ©1546 (1,55 [IN, GATE-2017 : 1 Mark] Consider the 5 x 5 matrix 12345 51234 A=|45 123 34512 23451 itis given that A has only one real eigen value. Then the real eigen value of A is (@) -25 (0 oO6 Os “TEC, GATE-2017 : 1 Mark] a6 A real nxn matrix A= [ay] is defined as fi wes 4010 otherwise (Ghd ASV SOV 01 DoiBw OlaRS TABUAGOD © 79 peanperdo1 6a Kew vood sigh Jo Wed ON TWiOG RON "=U “worsened ventim ey InOUIM WO} AUB Ue MADE EASY ublleations Workbook 7 ‘The sum of all n Eigen value of matrix Ais @ med (©) n® @ An+ 1an+1) 6 [GATE] 40-29 -1 Q.46 Suppose the matix A=|-18 30 -12| 7 26 24 -60| thas a certain complex number’ 0.as an Eigen value. Which of the following must also be an Eigen value of A. @ +20 (0) 4-20 (©) 20-2 (@) -20-2 {csi} ()1 3 [Gare] Q.48 Let Abe a3 x3 matrix such that |A~J| = 0. If trace of A = 13 and det A = 32 then the sum of ‘squares of the eigen values of A is (@ @ ) 13 (© 169 (st [GATE] 2 34a 4 Q.49 Forthematix M=|3-2 5 6 4 i | Which ofthe following are correct, P: Mis skew-Hermition and iM is Hermitian Q: Mis Hermitian and iM is skew — Hermition : Eigen values of Mare real S: Eigen values of Mare real (@) PandRonly (b) QandRonly (©) PandSonly (d) QandS only [GATE]8 | Engineering Mathematics Q.50 The product of the non-zero eigen values of the matrix =csoos O+s40 O+s40 O+440 socoon “ ICS, GATE-2014 : 2 Marks] Consider anon-singular 2x 2 square matrix A. If trace (A) = 4 and trace (42) = 5, the determinant of the matrix A is (upto 1 decimal place). TEE, GATE-2018 : 1 Mark] Eigen Vectors 1 21S In the given matrix H 3 4 | one ofthe eigenvalues is 1. the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalue 1 are (a) {0(4,2,1) la # 0,0 R} (b) {a(-4,2,1) a # 0,0. € R} ©) {o(v2,0,)la+Oa¢R} @) {a(-V2,0,) la #0.0¢R) [GATE] ‘The Eigen vector corresponding to the largest 24 Eigen value of the matrix ; 2 | is oo1 07 1 1 1 |, ©), 1 0 Ol, (d) None MADE EASY ———— Publications, 3 ; for some a, be R, or suppose 1 and 2 are eigen values of P and Hath fo of) ff > ‘50 70 ix A= whose eigen 1 coaintnn Ie al vectors corresponding to eigen values 4, and «TON TWISG RON "SuOHWOHaRG ASV SAWW 6} 9HEW T>OTaRS "HOUAGOD z 70 Ae - 80 g Xp= if mae ne[,™o] om [2 2 g respectively. The value of X]Xp is : Diagonalization \ Q.56 Which of the following is true? 2200 2100 |. Thematrix]0 0 3 0] isdiagonalizable 0014 I. The matrix i aI is diagonalizable (@) Only! (6) Only 11 (C) Both (1) and (I!) (d) None ofthese Q.57 Consider a matrix P whose only eigenvectors ‘Uojssjuied venium yi ynOGHM wi0) AaB Up are the muttiples of (ih PublicationsPenton Workbook | Consider the following statements: ab |. does not have an inverse Q.62 Inmatrix A= [ | ltatdead-be=1 then Il, Phas a repeated eigenvalue. wa i. Il. P cannot be diagonalized, @) An (o) Atl Which one of the following options is correct? @- (@o [@are] (@) Only | and tl are necessarily true (©) Only iis necessarily rue (6) Only | and Il are necessarily true (4) Only Il and tll are necessarily true ICS, GATE-2018 : 2 Marks} Q.63 Let A be an nxn complex matrix whose characteristic polynomial is, A) = t+ Oy 4t 7 + et Cyt + Cy then ‘n=1 t+ Cy — (@) detA=cy.4 Q.58 Number of linearly independent eigen vectors S04 (0) deta = cy of matrixA=|0 2 1/is (©) detA =(-1)""'c,_, 003 @1 (o)2 @) detA=(-"c [GATE] @3 (6) cannot be determined 10 Q.59 The number of linearly independent eigen |5| Q.64 Let ofa 2 OfandB=AS-A-4A oo ied ON “uI8G RON "#UORONARA ASVS OVW 61 Jone IOBIERS AUBUAGOD +51, where Tis the 3 x 3 identity matrix. The determinant of Bis__ (upto 1 decimal place). 210 vectors of matrix A=|0 2 Olis. 003 2 EE, GATE-2018 : 2 Marks] IME, GATE-2016 : 2Marks] | Thbassephanien i T ai=[? ‘lisa 3d into .60 Cayley-Hamilton Theorem states that a square |§ ] 0-65 The matrix (A]=) , _,] 's decomposed ‘matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation. | § . Consider a matrix a ‘a product of a lower triangular matrix [L] and 3 2 Hl an upper triangular matrix [U]. The properly Az|y al decomposed [Land {U] matrices respectively ae A equals (@ S11A+510r — (b) 309.A+ 1047 (©) 184A+ 1851 (A) exp (9A) IEE, GATE-2007, 2 marks] Q.61 The characteristic equation ofa (8x3) matrix P isdefinedas a(h) = |P-Al] =23 +22 + 2h41=0 If Zdenotes identity matrix, then the inverse of oli Jol oft less 10)_,[2 1 oft lent ‘our anon ue) hue U1 pee wojaenaned ve matrix Pwill be 20) 108 @(P+P+2) — (O)(PE+P+1) @ Sele | © -(P+P+1) ()-(P2+P +21 [EE, GATE-2008, 1 mark] [GATE] MADE EASY Publicationsto | 2 2 Q.66 Inthe LU decomposition of the matrix [ a ‘I i if the diagonal elements of U are both 1, then the lower diagonal entry Ip, of Lis ———— [GATE] Algebra of Matrices Considerne mates Ny Yas) 296 Proxy Th willbe (o) (3x3) () 3x4) The order of [P(X'YY" (@) (2x2) © (4x3) ICE, GATE-2005, 1 mark] [Ans: (a)] T2. having 4 elements is (@) 2xa* (0) 3x4 (©) 4x44 (@ 3x2 [Ans: (b)] Multiplication 13. LetAbea3x3 matrix such that Gel et 2 2-1 0) Suppose Q=|-1 2 -1|then AQis Oo -1 2 2-10 2-1 9 @|2 4-2}@]0 0 6 oo 6 [2 4-2 22 0 220 o|-1 4-3|@]o 2 6 14-3 02 6 [csiR] [Ans: (c)] The number of different matrices that can be formed with elements 0,1,2 and 3; each matrix jeonand ASVa SGV 0) JaWeW 19=!aNS AWOUATOD © ‘oq Kew wood siutj0 Wed ON THEO MON To peonpon "own wai0) Aue wi peel Engineering Mathematics 14. 15. MADE ERsy Publications avertible Matrix Multitication of matioes Eand Fis G. Matices Fand Gare ‘cose -sind 0) 100 Es] sine cosé 7 andG=|0 1 0}. om 10 001 What is the matrix p ‘cose -sine 0) (a) | sine c0s@ 0 0 0 1 cos@ 080 0) (o) |-cose sine 0 On t0ne cose sind 0 (@ |-sine cose 0 o 0 1 sina -cose 0 (@ }oose sind 0! 0 fh wt [ME, GATE-2006, 2 marks] [Ans: (c)] Determinant For which value of x will the matrix given below become singular? [ME, GATE-2004, 2 marks] [Ans: (a)] Q . [34a i The inverse of i weil? ,'4] 842i ool . al i * 3-21 1/3-4 ® ale ealMADE EASY 1fs-2 4 ae ICE, GATE-2010, 2 marks) [Ans: (b)] Let Abe an m xnmatrix and Ban n xmmatrix. It is given that determinant (/,,+ AB) = determinant (/, + BA), where J, is the kxk identity matrix. Using the above property, the determinant of the matrix given below is EEE rb 00 Workbook 11 T11, The rank of 4 x4 skew ~ symmetric matrix O10 70 10, 0-1 0 fo 10-10 (Ane: (4)] Non Homogeneous Linear System T12, For what values of a and B, the following simultaneous equations have an infinite number (ahd AVS BGWW OF atiew ToslanS WBUAEED @ of solutions? 2.7 rt y+2=5 Ua x4 3y+92=9 yet 8 x+2y+az=B 1112 I @27 0) 3,8 @2 ©) 5 g a3 @) 7.2 ©8 (@ 16 g ICE, GATE-2007, 2 marks] TEC, GATE-2013, 2 Marks] | = Tans: (a)] (Ans: (01/3 | +49, The solution ofthe system of equations 78. Withreferenceto the conventional Cartesian (x, y) | 2. x+y+Z=4,x-y+Z=0,2c+y+z=5i8 coordinate system, the vertices of a triangle have | 2 (@x=2,y=2, the following coordinates; (x,, y;) = (1, 0); | Ox=ty=4, (&, Yo) = (2, 2); Gigs Yq) = (4, 3). The area of the | 3 (© x=2y=4, triangle is equal to = (@x=1,y=2,z=1 3 3 [ESE Prelims-2017] @? 4 Tans: ()] 4 5 T14,_ Ifthe system Og OF en [CE, GATE-2014 : 1 Mark] xtytQza2 (Ans: (a)]] 2 Se ybareb Rank 2 has infinitely many solutions, then the values 2 of aand b, respectively, are 4213 3 (@) -Band6 (b) 8and6 T9. Given Matrix [A] = f 3 4 7], the rank of |= (o) -Band-6 (@ 8and-6 z , ESE-2018] the matrix is ta 7 a Tans: oH @4 (3 z (2 (4 z Homogeneous Linear System Ice, ATE 3 | 715. The system of equations x4 By + 3Z= 0K T10. If A=(@j)mxn and ay = S¥i then rank of axty+2z=hy A= 2x4 By+Z=hz MADE ERSY Publications12 | Engineering Mathematics Has a non-zero solution when a @) 2 (o) i (d) © 6 (9) tans: (0 46, Whatare the value of kor which the system of ‘equations (Gk - 8x + Sy + 32=0 Sx + (Bk - Bly + 82 =0 ar + By + (BK- Bz = 0 has a nottrivial solution? au 3'3 10 @k399° [EE, ESE-2019] Ans: (d)] Eigen values & Eigen vectors T17. Consider the system of equations Aenean Xan = Xx where, dis a scalar Let (@,, X) be an eigen-pair of an eigen value and its corresponding eigen vector for real matrix A Let be a (nx 1) unit matrix. Which one of the following statementis NOT correct? (@ For a homogeneous nx n system of linear equations, (A—2/)X= 0 having a nontrivial solution, the rank of (A-2u) is less than n (b) For matrix A”, m being a positive integer, 4? X™ willbe the eigen-pair forall (0) IAT =A4, then [a,| = 1 for all (d) If AT =A, then A, is real for alli ICE, GATE-2005, 2 marks] [Ans: (b)] 18. The eigen values of the following matrix are ().3,3+5,6-j b)-6+5).3+),3-/ ©) 3+h3-,5+) 341+ [EC, GATE-2009, 2 marks] [Ans: (d)] ‘ojasjuned wantin axa now wo) Kuw W) paslinn 70 peanpoide 4 Ae 7 a jum ayy mown io; Aue vj pesiinn 70 peonpode: ea Kew yooq sh jO Hed ON WIOG MON ‘UOHEOIGRa ASVA SVN 01 onew 99IGNS AUBUAGCD @ MADE Eps, Publicaties 719, The sum of Eigen values of the matrix ql Or ©) a5 1 2 oq © mar [Ans: (b)] T20. The product of Eigen values of the matrix 1000..0 1 1 2 00 0 ee 4 14 7 oegi4 @ ent wy 1 1 Oa O5 [Ans: (c)] T21, The value of x for which all the eigen-values of the matrix given below are real is 10 5+) 4 : 2 2 4 2 ~10) (@) 5+ (b) 5-j (oe) 1-5) (145) [GATE] [Ans: (b)]MADE eee Mette |g 722. LetA bea x3 matrix whose characteristic roots Cayley -Hamiton Th are 3.21. f B= A Athen |B|=__ amiersey (a) 24 (o)-2 24, The constant term of the characteristic 2 (@-12 polynomial ofthe matrix [lise] | 3 1265 {Ans: (a)] ee 723. Leta. = 65 and matrix 2 4 12 10 _ 21-4 Nee-at qe. an 0 a a? a at ean ins: (0)] M=|0 0 a? a? at : 00 0 a af 000 0 af then trace ofthe matrix + M+ ME=__. @+5 (b) 0 @3 @s5 [GATE] [Ans: (d)] ublleations