«Linker Sevipl [ Conk th wall assume that ik Yes a “Tf the linker canmnl recagnize the format of thu object file, Lsker script Thi serdpt wil agument the original Serfpt. MS Defeat nk te, one ets Provided using SECTIONS ] —> These can appear only once. memory = format sree J =Moformat = sree ore eputvalent Efe eM all Symbol. information —— — Ontt. debugger symbol information ches: — Flint the names gf he tnput files as ld processes them De not link agefast shared objects. Bint s Sigpbol. table <— Defines a SymbolThe Unker command language: 1. input files 2. fle formats Hf not { object | archhuse | linker Script } then 3. output file (anjout, Print "extor" As Address Sections 5. Plazement. of common blocks & Glleetion of Shulements Setting a por ticular, option [ Seleut Some are used be << group. Input fies > two Tame output file Statements hove fundamental “ act pervasion impact en the Linking process optional, ws a/ hecho: Equivalent hy white space * MI expressions evaluated as tndepers.and_are of Mong” or Minty lng’ ype * AU constants axe Mnkgers. + All of the C arithemetic operators am proulded.. + You may reference , define ancl create glotol. variables. * You by Call Speciak purpose — built -in “functions.LO Odlals Detimal., Her, regalia numbers. NG was 0chal = 123 j Suffixes like “it k = 403 m - 106 ney. be used 4 scale a Constant * Unless quoted «Symbol. names shaxt with a. * Letter * undey score # potnt * may include any leers, underscores , denhs 1 points ond hypens. * Unquoked symbol names nisl nak conflict uailn ony Keywords . O “secwn" = 9; <—Valid Q SECTION = 9; <— Invalid “with a space" = "ols with a space” + 16 5 — 4 ts called the location counter = Always contains the current output location ~ Tt alwoys appears intne SECTIONS commond. ~ Appears anywhere on ordinary symbol is allawed in an expressian, = Assignments have a side. effect L This nove the locations Counter. Gan be used tb creak holes in the outpul section. = Support all Standard C opewetnes with the standave bindings and precedene levels:“Caplan ‘a Gatualates an expression ushen absolutely necessary. * “laps Evaluation” fr expressions. * Needs the Slort address , ond the lengtht of memo fons, tn prelar. ce. ale ey theldiny of ell. c/n These values are computed as soon as he Gammand file iS read. © Values like Syenbel. valuec” ane not fmewn until after shrage allocation. Symicl_ = expressten ; Symbol 4 =. expression: bol. += cxpression; Symbol -= expression 5 symbol = expression; Symbol. /= expression; Toa things. distinguesh assignments freon Other eperaters. in ld enpsessions- Assignment may only be used at the seed oP an expression; S+3; Is allowed bub by may plce a trailing semialen C5") at the end of an assignment. Shalement. 1. As commends in their own vight in an ld script; oF 2. As independent Statements within a SECTIONS commend j or 3. fs past. of the contents of Section definition in a Cebine a (cis SECTIONS command. Symbol with an ‘ Obselute address. Defines a. Symbol. whose address is velebine +e 0 penticulay séetion* when a linker nis. evalualed ond Lassiened doo. varsiale: it is. or pan either or baht id sail be in the oulput fie. the value is ao fixed offset from the bate gf “me Section. © Type sf expression is tomrolled by ~ Resition in the scvipt fie. ~ Relzcatae, —> fred offset from he section , relabve +o base of Section. — Absolule —> cdse , # is created os on absolute veiue. Sven when assigned utitrin the Section usieg AB 0). fancies FROME —> Used +o define a symbol. The syntax is “Arithmetic. Tunetions jedi (asi GQ Returns. absolule , non-relocadable value of expression expr: ADDR ( section) Rehurns Absolule oddvess of nawied section. “LoAbADOR (section) \ ehems abeslle lend obbves | the named Section ‘Aun (expr) & Retums the yesult d the current locaton counter (.) aligned to the next boundary: musi be on expression whose valu. if o power f 2.“DEFINED. (symbol) Retums 4 if symbol is in the linker glabel symbol table , and defined, # otheruise. * * Example begin = DEFINED Chegin) ? beggo t.5 NEXT (expr), G Return the next unallocated addess that is a multiple of exp L Gosely velated +o AUGN (exp) Command, Daless. “3 use the MEMORY Command to define discontinuous, memory “fr the output file the shoo finetions oe equivalent G Returns size_in bytes of the nomed section _sasoe noes tage lexg tee) mun exp, exp2) Seriedont. Requived in Pitowsing, places” | Assignments 2. PHORS Th all other places they can be used for aesthetics but ove Otherwise ignored:* Gentain ak most one use of MEMDRY Command. 1 “pu can define as mony blocks of memory esitfin. ib os you wish The syntax is Attributes fat suggest tne properly of she t] exon Se ene a i name (alle) = ORGIL = eign , LENGTH = len } ve j a Used mkernally Start address length E by the linker 4orefer te the respon. ALiRwx Aa ft Se Allocated Sechon J diitialiged Read Only } Sechon + € Read write Exeustable Section bode vests. Sense of any attribute. + SECTIONS command combrals exactly where input sections ave placed inte oulput sections, their ordey inthe output file , ond 4 whith output sectian they ox allocated. * You may use at most one SECTIONS command ‘na script file. There can be mamy Statements usithin the SECTIDNS cemrarsnd. - Shtements uiith the SECTIONS commends con do sne of three Sieg Can_als0. be dene Y\ define the entry point- sieht af ie ol asthe |e habe: Sala lett SECHIONS.. command 3 describe the placement ef 0 named output sechom, ond which input sections go inte & SN* Opler of Sections in input file iil be followed in the output file. uilesspace is. mandatury, s0 the sechien name is upombiguous. Conhents Pooks } Jee Specifies tihak goes fie dhe section - List of fies or sectons from name ¢f the output section he input, files * Special Section mane _/DISCARD/ ray be uses! tp discard daput Sectisns | * Linker usill not create output Sections which donot have omy contents. SECTIONS command specifies the ‘plowing = 1. Location 2. Alignment 3. Contents < most are. optional > 4 Sil patern 5. Target memory region <— Swould be supported by the output formed. If the Section. Nome = nome tsa number then it should be specified usith double quotes may be ony number of characters, buk omy rome which doesn't conform the Shndard Gl symbol mame tyntax rust be quoted. ee foo 1 * (foo) } \.fio' section inane output file wilt only be crealed if foo! section exists in atleast one input file._*| Sephide Patent You. can. specify the contents. of an cutpuk secton by Usting = PowBeular input les 2. Perhiaday fie sachons 2. Combination of the to 1. Can place axbitrary dain in the seckon. 2 Define symbls alata fe the beginning qf she section The carkerts may include ony of the filowing Kinds ef Stetemenls. Gan elude of Prany. of these as ips lke 2 Srl definition, Separated iam che nother by thile space il Andon data, { afieo hfe a! efie.0} 2. Glename (sachin) Filename (seein, secon.) Flenome (sehen sedton = an specify one or mare sedtons floo an ‘apul file ~ use porarthases = IF mere than one ore specified , then Separate them hnite peranteses by = hike Space. 3 (section) 4 Cenction section...) + Gaeckion, seckon, --) SPEEA E Ey eae mea = Apa fle s dheady refered te by its rama ~'*! rafers to al Tie tt ak ak PI at lap In ciate 4. Alename ( comeron) ~ intloliged data fem given fie * Caommen) = uninbialized data fom ai pa fle. Tay pee te pe = fltrame may abu aed pater oniled line they are by the asic. Shel Fates any nuonbar of dneracters 7 matthes. sqle dorackr Cedars] mackhes Single instone. of ory of He, crs = mades characters in the Yonge Put ly yp) elo Bolt RSS