12/4/24, 8:07 AM Random graph.
ipynb - Colab
keyboard_arrow_down Random graphs
import networkx as nx
import seaborn as sns # for visualization
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from pandas import Series, DataFrame
A random graph has 𝑛 nodes
Each pair of nodes is connected with probability 𝑝
The random graph model is also called:
(𝑛, 𝑝) model
Erdos-Renyi model
n = 1000
p = 0.05
np.random.seed(42)
G = nx.fast_gnp_random_graph(n=n, p=p)
keyboard_arrow_down Plot the degree distribution
G.degree() ⇒ degree of each node
dict(G.degree()) ⇒ convert it into a dictionary
Series(dict(G.degree())) ⇒ convert it into a pandas Series
degrees = Series(dict(G.degree))
degrees[:5]
0 51
1 52
2 46
3 57
4 58
dtype: int64
keyboard_arrow_down Plotting the degree distribution
vc = degrees.value_counts().sort_index()
print(vc[:10])
32 1
33 2
34 3
35 5
36 3
37 15
38 13
39 16
40 26
41 17
Name: count, dtype: int64
vc.plot()
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1FrpApfcdlwwxwv203cBFPIPos3muuR_A 1/4
12/4/24, 8:07 AM Random graph.ipynb - Colab
<Axes: >
We can smooth it out with a histogram.
Series(degrees).hist(bins=20)
<Axes: >
A better way to smooth things (when needed) is to do a Kernel Density Estimate (KDE).
df = DataFrame({'degrees':degrees})
sns.kdeplot(df)
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1FrpApfcdlwwxwv203cBFPIPos3muuR_A 2/4
12/4/24, 8:07 AM Random graph.ipynb - Colab
<Axes: ylabel='Density'>
keyboard_arrow_down What is the expected degree of a node?
A node can have 𝑛 − 1 possible edges
Each edge occurs with probability 𝑝
So, on average, a node has degree=$(n-1)\times p$
df['degree/(n-1)'] = df['degrees'] / (n-1)
sns.kdeplot(df[['degree/(n-1)']])
<Axes: ylabel='Density'>
keyboard_arrow_down What is the clustering coefficient distribution?
nx.clustering(G) ⇒ clustering coefficient of each node, as a dictionary
CC = nx.clustering(G).values()
df['CC'] = CC
sns.kdeplot(df[['degree/(n-1)', 'CC']])
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1FrpApfcdlwwxwv203cBFPIPos3muuR_A 3/4
12/4/24, 8:07 AM Random graph.ipynb - Colab
<Axes: ylabel='Density'>
keyboard_arrow_down Why is the clustering cofficient also ≈ 𝑝?
CC of a node
#pairs of my friends who know each other
=
#pairs of my friends
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1FrpApfcdlwwxwv203cBFPIPos3muuR_A 4/4
